马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培高产机理研究

在防虫网室中无土栽培马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产微型薯。用 9次剪尖和 8次培土的办法 ,180d平均单株结薯达 2 12 8个 ,2 10d商品粒数 (≥ 1g)达 158 2个 ;且剪尖和培土的次数与匍匐茎数、腋芽枝数和单株结薯个数有正相关关系 ,后两者均达极显著水平r1=0 90 2 3,r2 =0 94 70     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培高产机理研究：谢庆华

在防虫网室中无土栽培马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产微型薯,用９次剪尖和８次培土的办法,１８０ｄ平均单株结薯达２１２．８个,２１０ｄ商品粒数（≥１ｇ）达１５８．２个;且剪类和培土的次数与匍匐茎数、腋芽枝数和单株结薯个数有正相关关系。后两者均达极显著水平ｒ１＝０．９０２３,ｒ２＝０．９４７０。     

提高雾化栽培马铃薯微型薯结薯能力的初步研究

用 3种处理方法 ,下放植株 ,激素 (CCC) ,剪尖对雾化栽培室内的脱毒苗进行随机区组处理。结果表明 :激素和剪尖对叶面积系数 (LAI)、株高、茎粗等营养器官生长特征影响一致 ,可用剪尖替代激素促进形态建成 ;下放植株可极显著促进根系发育 ,促使腋芽向匍匐茎转化 ,可极显著提高微型小薯的产量 ;同时 ,相关分析表明 ,LAI与单株薯数呈极显著正相关 (r =0 874 8 ) ;根系体积与单株薯数显著相关 (r=0 82 0 1 ) ,与单株匍匐茎数极显著相关 (r =0 8770 )。     

马铃薯库建成动态研究

在马铃薯块茎的形成和增长过程中 ,小薯不断地形成、退化或转化成大中薯 ,其中出苗2 8d以后的 2～ 3周是决定大中薯数的关键期。在不同密度及施肥处理下 ,马铃薯块茎体积及干重的增长均呈S型曲线变化。单株块茎体积随密度增加而减少 ,适量施用氮、磷、钾 ,可增加块茎体积、单株结薯数和大中薯数 ,其中磷钾肥可使结薯时间提前 ,过量氮肥则推迟结薯时间 ;随密度的增加 ,块茎日增重逐渐降低 ,适量增施磷、钾肥可提高库的充实度 ,增加产量。在本试验因素中量 (适量 )组合 ,底西芮品种单株块茎体积最大增长速率为 2 5 7392ml d ,块茎干重的最大增长速率为 10 6 82 6 g d ;种植密度 4 5 0 0株 6 6 7m2 时 ,单株结薯数为 13 5个 ,大中薯数平均为 10个 ,单产可达 30 0 0kg 6 6 7m2 以上     

延边地区早熟马铃薯品种比较试验

通过两年试验,采用分期收获法调查了试验品种的薯块性状、单株结薯数、单株块重、商品率。结果表明:早-50的熟期最早,商品率高,单株结薯数少,产量低;东农303的熟期次之,单株结薯数多,商品率稍低,单株块重和单株商品重均最高;中薯5号、早大白、费乌瑞它熟期相近,都比早-50和东农303晚,单株结薯数适中,商品率高,单株块重和单株商品重高;中薯3号和本053熟期较中薯5号、早大白、费乌瑞它稍晚,中薯3号单株结薯数少,本053单株块重较低;双丰-5号在参试品种中熟期最晚,生育前期单株块重和商品率低,生育后期单株块重和商品率较高。早期商品率高,说明块茎形成早。产量的差异主要表现在构成产量的因素不同,如块茎膨大速度(或单薯增长率),单株结薯数,以及单株块重等。     

脱毒马铃薯小种薯的高效繁育方法初报

研究开发了一种利用防虫网隔离匍匐茎的脱毒马铃薯小种薯高效繁育方法:马铃薯播种在防虫网上,用少量基质覆盖种薯,上覆银-黑双色地膜,马铃薯匍匐茎生长在双色地膜与防虫网之间所形成的黑暗、潮湿空间中,形成类似雾培法的环境条件。播后45d,单株产生82个匍匐茎顶端,经5次采收,单株结薯数可达59.2个,平均薯重10.7g,大大提高脱毒马铃薯的繁殖效率。     

马铃薯早熟品种产量和维生素C含量在不同生育阶段的表现

马铃薯富含维生素C,是人类获得维生素C的重要来源。本研究测定2个早熟马铃薯品种(东农303和Jemseg)产量及维生素C含量在不同生育阶段的表现。2004年从7月1日起每周取一次样,每次取3株,共取9次,测定单株结薯个数,单株薯重,及维生素C含量。东农303单株结薯个数较多,多达9个。和东农303相比,Jemseg结薯数较少,平均4个左右。但是,就产量而言,东农303从7月22日起始终高于Jemseg。东农303在生长发育期间维生素C含量的变化呈抛物线形式,8月5日达到最大值,然后逐渐减小。Jemseg的变化曲线和东农303的相似,但最高值出现在7月29日。维生素C含量东农303高于Jemseg。东农303是高产高维生素C的品种。     

苗源及栽培密度对马铃薯原原种生产的影响

为提高马铃薯原原种结薯效率,降低生产成本,开展了苗源及栽培密度对马铃薯原原种生产的影响研究。试验为二因素裂区设计,4次重复,苗源为主区,栽培密度为副区,供试品种为‘费乌瑞它’。试验设置组培苗和水培苗2个苗源,200,400,600和800株/m~24个栽培密度。结果表明,苗源对匍匐茎长度和叶面积以外的其他农艺性状均有显著影响,密度仅对根长、匍匐茎数量、叶面积和单株干物质积累量有显著影响,根长具有显著两因素互作效应。同一密度下,水培苗的单株结薯数和产量(600株/m~2除外)高于组培苗。在主因素组培苗和水培苗中,密度200株/m~2单株结薯数和结薯产量均显著高于3个高密度处理,随密度增大,单位面积结薯数和产量增幅下降,组培苗和水培苗均在200～400株/m~2单位面积结薯数和产量增幅最大,分别增加68.0%和46.0%,25.3%和20.1%,组培苗在600～800株/m~2,水培苗在400～600株/m~2时增幅大幅下降,平均单薯重也随之降低。苗源类型和栽培密度均能显著影响原原种结薯数、产量和单薯重,在保证单薯重基础上,获得较多的单位面积原原种结薯数更有意义。组培苗在密度为600株/m~2处理,水培苗在密度为400株/m~2处理,既可以确保适当的单薯重,又可以提高单位面积结薯数。因此,从原原种生产成本和经济效益考虑,组培苗栽培密度600株/m~2,水培苗400株/m~2可以获得较好的生产效益。     

甘薯源库发育及产量品质对氮源和施氮量的响应

通过大田试验研究氮源、施氮量及其互作对鲜食型甘薯鸣门金时全生育期源库发育及其与产量和品质形成的关系。结果表明：施氮提高了栽后70～110 d功能叶叶绿素(Chl)含量和净光合速率(Pn),提高了单株结薯数、平均单薯重和产量,显著增加了可溶性糖(soluble sugars, SS)、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白(soluble proteins, SP)、多酚和维生素C(VC)的含量,显著降低了淀粉的含量。在相同氮源下,栽后30～120 d,茎和叶鲜重随施氮量增加而显著增加;平均单株结薯数、平均单薯重和平均单株薯重随施氮量增加先增加后降低,在施氮量120 kg/hm²时最大;T/R(Top/Root)随施氮量的增加先降低后升高,在施氮量120 kg/hm²时最低;施氮量120 kg/hm²的单株结薯数和产量最高。在高产施氮量120kg/hm²下,与酰胺态氮素和硝态氮素相比,铵态氮素在栽后70～110d显著提高了Chl含量和Pn;栽后30d显著提高了叶和茎鲜重;栽后30～120 d显著提高了单株结薯数;栽后60～...     

引进马铃薯品种在青岛试种初报

对引进的4个马铃薯品种在青岛进行了试种。试验结果显示,AVALANCHE和CHEL LAH两个品种的单株产量较高,都在500g以上,4个品种间的单株产量差异均达极显著;单株结薯数都在9个以上,4个品种间差异不显著。单薯重CHELLAH最高,达57 59g;DESIRE和JAMI LA较低,与AVALANCH、CHELLAH之间差异达极显著。AVALANCH和CHELLAH的Vc含量、还原糖含量较高,为其它2个品种的3～4倍;而粗蛋白含量则较低。4个品种的干物质含量、淀粉含量相差不大。CHELLAH、DESIRE、JAMILA的叶片光合能力都较强。经过综合产量和品质等各项指标分析,认为AVALANCHE和CHELLAH两个品种较适合在青岛种植。     

How Planting Density Affects Number and Yield of Potato Minitubers in a Commercial Glasshouse Production System

Commercial potato minituber production systems aim at high tuber numbers per plant. This study investigated by which mechanisms planting density (25.0, 62.5 and 145.8 plants/m²) of in vitro derived plantlets affected minituber yield and minituber number per plantlet. Lowering planting density resulted in a slower increase in soil cover by the leaves and reduced the accumulated intercepted radiation (AIR). It initially also reduced light use efficiency (LUE) and harvest index, and thus tuber weights per m². At the commercial harvest 10 weeks after planting (WAP), LUE tended to be higher at lower densities. This compensated for the lower AIR and led to only slightly lower tuber yields. Lowering planting density increased tuber numbers per (planted) plantlet in all grades. It improved plantlet survival and increased stem numbers per plant. However, fewer stolons were produced per stem, whereas stolon numbers per plant were not affected. At lower densities, more tubers were initiated per stolon and the balance between initiation and later resorption of tubers was more favourable. Early interplant competition was thought to reduce the number of tubers initiated at higher densities, whereas later-occurring interplant competition resulted in a large fraction of the initiated tubers being resorbed at intermediate planting densities. At low planting densities, the high number of tubers initiated was also retained. Shortening of the production period could be considered at higher planting densities, because tuber number in the commercial grade > 9 mm did not increase any more after 6 WAP.     

Potato minituber production from nodal cuttings compared to wholein vitro plantlets using low volume media in a greenhouse

Summary A greenhouse minituber production system involving low inputs of in vitro potato plantlets and propagation media is described, in vitro plantlets of six potato cultivars were sectioned into nodal cuttings and separately planted into moist peat based growing medium in shallow plastic trays. Cultivar differences were evident with respect to node viability, shoot regrowth and minituber yields. Nodal viability for shoot regrowth varied between 80–100%. Maximum shoot heights were recorded with whole in vitro plantlets (WIP) and the terminal Node-5 cluster. All cuttings produced minitubers. The terminal Node-5 cutting and WIP produced significantly larger minitubers >3.0 g as compared to single node cuttings. Greater numbers of minitubers were produced by the cvs Norchip, Red Pontiac and Conestoga as compared to cvs Eramosa. G8610-4PY and Shepody. Total numbers of minitubers were 3 to 5 times higher from each in vitro plantlet that was sectioned into nodal cuttings as compared with intact WIP: the yield ratios depended on cultivar.     

The effectiveness of using a minituber crop for selection of agronomic characters in potato breeding programmes

Summary Performance of 20 potato genotypes was studied for seven agronomic characters in crops raised from minitubers and normal seed tubers. Correlation coefficients were computed between minituber crop and normal seed crop in order to study the selection efficiency at minituber crop level. The performance of normal seed crop was significantly better than the minituber crop for various characters including tuber yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between minituber and normal seed crop were significant for various characters except number of stems and number of tubers. Highest correlation coefficient (r=0.86) was for tuber yield followed by average tuber weight (r=0.67) and number of nodes (r=0.63). The results suggest that selection for tuber yield can be practised at the minituber crop level in potato breeding programmes     

脱毒小薯原原种粒级、密度、品种熟性对一级原种繁殖的影响

采用马铃薯脱毒小薯不同粒级、不同密度、不同品种熟性三因子三水平正交试验，研究了原原种对一级原种的产量、单株平均结薯数及＜２５ｇ小薯所占比率的影响。结果表明：当早熟、结薯少、薯块均匀的品种原原种播种密度在１．２万株／亩以上，晚熟和中晚熟、结薯较多薯块不均匀的品种在１．０～１．２万株／亩之间，且播种粒级大于０．５ｇ／粒时，一级原种繁殖方可收到既高产又具较高的繁殖系数和较低用种量的效果。     

Production of potato minitubers by repeated harvesting: Effects of crop husbandry on yield parameters

Summary Minitubers can be produced in large quantities by repeated harvesting of tubers from in vitro propagated plantlets at 4, 7 and 10 weeks after transplanting to the glasshouse at high plant densities. Yield parameters of minitubers can be manipulated by crop husbandry. By supplying nutrients or using a square plant arrangement, minituber yield increased. Effects on numbers of tubers were cultivar-dependent. Changing plant density from 50 to 800 plants per m² or the minimal diameter of harvested tubers from 5 to 12 mm did not significantly affect tuber yield per m². Higher plant densities resulted in more tubers per m² but fewer tubers per plant. Removing smaller tubers greatly increased the number of small tubers, but did not affect yield and number of tubers in larger grades. Crop husbandry techniques affected minituber yield mainly through their effects on leaf area duration, and the number of minitubers through their effects on growth of tubers to a harvestable size.     

不同脱毒苗类型对马铃薯原原种的产量性状和经济参数的影响

为探讨马铃薯原原种生产适宜的脱毒苗类型问题,选用‘荷兰15号’,‘尤金’和‘克新13号’三个品种的脱毒苗为试验材料,采用单因素随机设计,设计正常试管苗(对照),6叶龄期去掉带3个叶片茎尖的试管苗,6叶龄期获得的带3个叶片茎尖的扦插苗,9叶龄期获得的带3个叶片茎尖的扦插苗共4种脱毒苗类型。利用方差分析探讨了不同脱毒苗类型对马铃薯原原种的产量性状(商品薯产量和总产量)和经济参数(利润和经济效益)的影响。研究结果表明:正常试管苗(对照)和6叶龄期获得的带3个叶片茎尖的扦插苗处理的商品薯产量最高,正常试管苗(对照)和6叶龄期去掉带3个叶片茎尖的试管苗处理的总产、利润和经济效益均较高。     

冀西北高寒区微型薯高效生产技术研究

试验研究了在冀西北高寒区冷凉气候条件下脱毒微型薯的高效生产技术。在国内首次提出了单次无损害重复收获与选择采摘结合培“土”技术 ,使单位面积结薯数量提高 2 1 6 %～ 16 9 2 %。同时筛选出提高脱毒扦插苗成活率的生根液最佳组合NAA2 0mg/L +IBA2 0mg/L +GA36mg/L +6 BA2mg/L及成本较低的栽培基质 1/ 2河沙 +1/ 2珍珠岩。并在 10～ 11月霜冻期进行了地沟式拱棚生产微型薯的可行性试验 ,增加了微型薯生产周期数     

Field performance of potato minitubers with different fresh weights and conventional seed tubers: Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation

Summary Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation in crops from minitubers of five weight classes (ranging from 0.13–0.25 g to 2.00–3.99 g) and conventional seed tubers were studied in field experiments in three years. Multiplication factors were calculated as the number and weight of progeny tubers produced per planted tuber or per unit planted tuber weight. They were lower for the lighter minitubers when calculated per tuber and higher when calculated per weight. Yield variation was described by coefficients of variation for the number and weight of progeny tubers produced. Variation over individual plants of a crop was higher in stands from the lighter minitubers. Variation over plots within a field was sometimes higher for the lighter minitubers, but variation over years was similar for all minituber classes. Variation over plots in progeny tuber weight was higher for minitubers than for conventional tubers.