鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株HLJ-0504 VP5基因缺失株感染性克隆的构建及鉴定

利用体外定点突变技术,缺失vvIBDV HLJ-0504株VP5基因,通过多重PCR在基因组两端分别引入锤头状核酶序列（HamRz）和丁肝病毒核酶序列（HdvRz）。将带有核酶序列的IBDV基因组插入载体pCAGGs的β肌动蛋白启动子下游,构建了IBDV感染性克隆pCAGGHLJ0504A△VP5HRT,将该感染性克隆与pCAG—GHLJ0504BHRT共转染DF—Ⅰ细胞。IFA,RT—PCR,电镜观察均显示获得重组病毒,将其命名为rHLJ0504HT△VP5。vvIBDVVP5基因缺失感染性克隆的成功构建为我们利用反向遗传操作技术快速致弱vvIBDV,构建IBD的候选疫苗株奠定了基础。     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。     

IBDV强、弱毒VP2诱饵载体构建及在酵母双杂交系统中自激活作用的检测

采用Gateway技术将鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）Gx株和Gt株vp2基因分别克隆到载体pDEST-32构建诱饵载体，通过酶切和PCR鉴定并测序正确后，用醋酸锂法转化酵母菌株MaV203，通过缺陷型平板筛选和X-gal颜色筛选检测诱饵载体有无自激活作用。结果表明，成功构建了诱饵载体pDEST-32-Gxvp2和pDEST-32-Gtvp2，并证明其在酵母双杂交系统中无自激活作用。为下一步利用酵母双杂交方法从鸡法氏囊B淋巴细胞和鸡胚成纤维细胞eDNA表达文库中筛选与强、弱毒VP2诱饵载体作用的分子奠定了基础。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒基因组A节段3'-UTR对病毒复制影响的研究

为探究传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)基因组A节段3'-UTR是否影响IBDV的复制,本实验应用融合PCR技术将IBDV弱毒Gt株A节段的3'-UTR替换为超强毒Gx株的相应区段,并利用反向遗传操作系统拯救嵌合病毒r Gt-Gx3'UTR,对拯救病毒进行鉴定。结果显示嵌合病毒拯救成功,Gt株的RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶既能识别Gt株的3'-UTR,也能识别超强毒Gx株的3'-UTR。通过比较嵌合病毒与亲本病毒的体外复制曲线,表明3'-UTR能够影响IBDV的复制。3'-UTR二级结构的预测结果表明其可能是以特定的二级结构而非一级序列发挥其功能。本研究为认识IBDV复制特点奠定了基础。     

一步法扩增IBDV上海株全长基因组cDNA

为了研究鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）上海株的全部核苷酸序列，应用蛋白酶K消化、割胶纯化获得了高纯度的dsRNA，应用随机引物合成了cDNA的第一链。参照基因库中相关IBDV毒株的基因序列，设计合成了两对引物，一步扩增出IBDV上海株全长基因组cDNA的A片段和B片段。为了验证获得的A片段和B片段的正确性，以扩增出的A片段为模板，成功扩增出的IBDV的VP2基因，并应用T载体进行了克隆和测序，测序结果显示，其与国内外数株IBDV毒株的同源性很高，表明醉建立的扩增IBDV全长基因组cDNA的一步法正确、可行。     

鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株反向遗传操作体系的建立

应用cRACE等方法扩增鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株cDNA5′末端和3′末端,分6段扩增得到病毒的结构基因序列,而后连接本室构建的TLH-T转录载体,构建其cDNA全长克隆。在引入分子标签和验证辅助质粒的功能后,4质粒系统共转染VT7细胞系,成功拯救出了具有感染性的鹅副黏病毒。鹅源副黏病毒NA-1株反向遗传操作体系的建立为进一步深入研究该病毒基因组的功能以及新型疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒GZ株VP2基因的克隆和序列分析

根据已发表的传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）52/70株基因组序列，设计并合成了1对特异扩增IBDV VP2基因的引物。以IBDV超强毒（vvIBDV)GZ株基因组为模板，利用PT-PCR技术扩增出了1.5kb的cDNA产物，将VP2基因克隆于pUC119质粒上，得到重组pUC119质粒。对VP2基因全序列进行了测定。序列分析和聚类分析表明，GZ株与欧洲超强毒株UK661非常相似，而与经典强毒株、弱毒株和变异株相差较大。     

口蹄疫病毒WFL株基因组全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

根据口蹄疫病毒基因组的结构特点以及GenBank上公布的全序列，用DNAMAN分别设计了涵盖整个基因组序列的3对引物，从接种口蹄疫病毒WFL株的细胞培养液中提取了病毒基因组RNA，采用RT-PCR方法和RACE法分别扩增了3条基因片段，并将扩增片段分别与T载体连接，在体外分别进行了5-半分子和3’半分子的构建。最后将5’半分子和3’半分子连接成基因组全长cDNA分子。经PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定及全长cDNA测序，证实成功构建了口蹄疫病毒wFL株基因组全长eDNA分子。序列分析结果表明，供试口蹄疫病毒基因组全长为8155nt，5＇UTR长1059nt；具有一个大的读码框，其核苷酸长度为6969nt。包括201aa的前导蛋白基因和2122aa的聚合蛋白基因；3＇UTR长127nt，包括34nt的polv（A）。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HuN4传代致弱株HuN4-F30感染性克隆的构建及拯救病毒致病性分析

为构建高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)Hu N4株传代致弱株Hu N4-F30感染性克隆,本研究利用高保真DNA聚合酶,分6个片段进行病毒全基因组序列扩增,并通过点突变在其基因组10 808位引入Mlu I作为分子标记。通过重叠延伸PCR在5'端上游引入CMV启动子,3'端引入丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)核酶基因和牛生长素多聚腺苷酸化信号(BGH)。将各片段依次连接克隆于改造的p Belo BAC11载体中,构建含有全长HP-PRRSV致弱株c DNA感染性克隆p Belo BAC11-Hu N4-F30,并将全长质粒直接转染Marc-145细胞拯救出病毒。通过核酸鉴定与测序、分子标记鉴定、间接免疫荧光试验和动物致病性试验等进行鉴定。结果表明,拯救的病毒能够通过Mlu I酶切与亲本鉴别,拯救病毒的间接免疫荧光与亲本病毒一致,拯救病毒表现出低致病性。HP-PRRSV Hu N4-F30感染性克隆的构建与病毒的拯救,为进一步研究HP-PRRSV传代致弱机制奠定了基础。     

法氏囊病毒B87株B节段cDNA定点突变及真核表达载体的构建

为了探索构建具有分子标记的传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)B87株B节段真核表达载体,试验在不改变载体氨基酸序列的基础上,采用PCR方法将新的酶切标记位点引入表达载体上,通过酶切鉴定、测序鉴定及转染对载体表达情况进行观察和分析。结果表明:目的片段与载体片段连接正确,构建的绿色荧光蛋白真核表达载体pEGFP-NB能在Vero细胞内表达。说明成功构建了含分子标记的突变真核表达载体pEGFP-NB。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.