利用低温和气调对鲜荔枝作检疫杀虫处理试验

应用在Ｏ２含量约为１％￣５％,ＣＯ２约５％￣６％和在２℃低温下处理１３ｄ的气调和低温综合处理技术,可完全杀死人工接种在荔枝鲜果中的桔小实蝇的卵和幼虫,不影响荔枝鲜果的品质。     

沙田柚低温杀虫处理试验研究

对人工感染桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)的沙田柚开展低温除害处理研究.研究结果表明,在1.7℃±0.06℃和1.8℃±0.33℃的低温条件下,连续处理14天,可将感染在果实中71184头和46341头的桔小实蝇幼虫全部杀死;在0.96℃±0.25℃的低温条件下,连续处理13天,可将感染在果实中58866头桔小实蝇幼虫全部杀死.果实损伤测定试验结果表明,在1～2℃下连续贮藏14天,沙田柚果实无损害.     

荔枝蒸热和冷藏综合杀虫检疫处理试验

用蒸热和冷藏综合处理的方法,可杀死接入荔枝鲜果中桔小实蝇的卵和幼虫。经测定,３１ｈ卵期的卵较１￣３龄幼虫对处理更具忍耐力,在蒸热果实中心温度升对４６．５℃时,保持１０ｍｉｎ,然后再奖果实移至２℃温度下贮藏４０ｈ,可将接入荔枝果实中的１１３０３１粒３１ｈ卵期的卵以及供成虫自由产卵果１８００个所获得的卵完全杀死。此外,在与上述相同的杀虫处理条件下,对荔枝鲜果进行果实品质的测定,试验结果表明,与未处理的     

荔枝蒸热和低温综合杀虫处理试验

采用蒸热和低温综合处理方法,可以杀死接入荔枝鲜果中的桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel))的卵和幼虫。经测定,31h卵期的卵较1-3龄幼虫对处理具忍耐力。在蒸热果实中心温度升至46.5℃时,保持10min,然后再将果实移至2℃下冷处理40h,可将接入荔枝果实中的113031粒31h卵期的卵以及供成虫自由产卵果1800个所获得的卵完全杀死。在此处理条件下,对荔枝鲜果进行的果实品质测定结果表明,处理果与未处理的对照果实没有明显的差异。应用这一处理技术,首批鲜荔枝已成功出口日本。     

荔枝蒂蛀虫低温杀虫处理试验

荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensisBradley,是荔枝果实害虫之一,此虫偶尔见对龙眼果实有为害.鉴于此虫是以幼虫阶段为害果实,为解决对外贸易的荔枝和龙眼果实不带活虫,经过试验研究,证实在1.39℃±0.39℃温度下处理8天、10天和13天,可完全杀死感染在果实中的荔枝蒂蛀虫幼虫.     

深圳输美、加木包装熏蒸杀虫检疫处理

输美、加等国木包装熏蒸杀虫检疫处理是当前我国植物检疫的重点工作 ,木包装材料熏蒸杀虫技术主要包括两方面内容 :一是配备规范的仪器和设施 ,二是严格规范操作。熏蒸杀虫效果及安全性与熏蒸库体的气密程度、气流搅拌装置、排气装置、检测仪器和操作程序等因素密切相关。目前     

截获越南芒果桔小实蝇的分析及检疫对策

自1989年春中越关系缓和恢复互市贸易以来,随着边境贸易的不断发展,每年都有3000～5000t的越南芒果从凭详市、东兴市等边贸点进入我区供边境销售。口岸动植物检疫机关非常重视并加强对进境芒果的检疫,每年都从进境的芒果中截获国家禁止进境的二类危险性害虫——桔小实蝇DacusdorsalisHendel,由于该虫食性杂,寄主范围极广,严重威胁我区热带、亚热带的柑桔、芒果、荔枝、龙眼等水果及蔬菜生产。为保护我区水果生产的健康发展,现将从东兴边贸点1991年以来检出该虫的情况进行分析,探讨更有效的检疫防治措施。1　概况　　越南产芒果由我东兴边贸…     

进口龙眼检出桔小实蝇的技术研究

进口龙眼检出桔小实蝇的技术研究陈志麟方晋治麦瑞生（文锦渡动植物检疫局深圳５１８００５）每年６～８月是进口泰国龙眼的季节，７月下旬至８月中旬为进口高峰期。龙眼果皮厚而坚实，在理论上，果蝇雌虫产卵器难于插入果皮内进行产卵。１９９４年，我局检验进口龙眼１１...     

微卫星DNA标记及其在检疫性实蝇种群遗传学中的研究应用

微卫星DNA是一种广泛用于种群遗传学研究的分子标记技术,具有共显性标记、反应速度快、重复性好和结果可靠等特点。本文在概述微卫星标记的原理、特点、位点筛选和引物设计的基础上,系统分析了该技术在检疫性实蝇(小条实蝇属、果实蝇属等)种群遗传关系中的研究与应用。     

Feeding and attraction of non-target flies to spinosad-based fruit fly bait

A spinosad-based fruit fly bait, GF-120, has recently become a primary tool for area-wide suppression or eradication of pest tephritid fruit flies. The present study assessed the attraction and feeding of five non-target fly species to GF-120 in Hawaii. These non-target flies include three beneficial tephritid species [Eutreta xanthochaeta (Aldrich), Tetreuaresta obscuriventris (Loew), Ensina sonchi (L.)] introduced for weed biological control, an endemic Hawaiian tephritid [Trupanea dubautiae (Bryan)] (all Diptera: Tephritidae) and the cosmopolitan Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). All five non-target fly species were susceptible to GF-120, as was the target pest Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Feeding on, or even brief tasting of, GF-120 killed all fly species within 2 h. When individual flies were provided with a choice of GF-120 or honey solution, there was no difference in the frequency of first food encounter by E. xanthochaeta, D. melanogaster or C. capitata. The other three non-target species approached honey more often than GF-120 in their first food encounter. Feeding times on GF-120 and honey were not significantly different for D. melanogaster and C. capitata, while the other four non-target species fed longer on honey than on GF-120. There was no significant difference in feeding time on honey versus GF-120 between males and females of each species. These results suggest that area-wide treatment using GF-120 for the purpose of eradication of pest fruit flies has potential negative impacts on these and other non-target fly species in Hawaii.     

非寄主植物提取物对橘小实蝇的产卵拒避作用

选取4种非寄主植物柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora、樟树Cinnamomum camphora、白千层Melaleuca leucadendron、夹竹桃Nerium indicum,初步研究了这4种植物叶子提取物对橘小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis的产卵拒避作用。以无水乙醇作溶剂,供试4种植物中的白千层提取物对橘小实蝇具有较强的产卵拒避作用。检测了橘小实蝇对4种植物的乙醇提取物的触角电位值,发现各生物测定值与雌虫触角电位值呈显著相关性,表明其中的挥发性组分是橘小实蝇对植物提取物产生拒避反应的重要原因之一。用无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚、二氯甲烷作溶剂,分别提取白千层叶,仅乙醇提取物有显著拒避作用;用这4种溶剂分别提取樟树叶,则无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚作溶剂的提取物都有较好效果。     

Willingness to pay for area-wide management and sterile insect technique to control fruit flies in Australia

Abstract

Fruit flies are a biosecurity threat to international trade of horticultural produce around the world. Area-wide management (AWM) of fruit flies offers a promising solution to coordinate farmers’ activities to fight against the spread of this pest. The incorporation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) may increase the effectiveness of AWM and lead to greater suppression and possible eradication of the fruit fly pest. This article presents findings from a choice experiment survey to ascertain the willingness to pay (WTP) for the benefits of a suite of AWM features and SIT. These features include the benefits from (1) coordinated fruit fly monitoring, (2) coordinated on-farm male annihilation of fruit flies, (3) management of fruit fly in residential areas, and (4) coordinated release of sterile flies. This is the first study of its kind to assess the WTP for AWM and SIT in a developed country. Results suggest that growers are willing to pay for SIT and coordinated fruit fly management in residential areas but are not willing to pay for other coordinated services that they are already practicing on their farms.     

高度和地点对性引诱剂诱集桔小实蝇雄虫效果的影响

观察研究了番石榴园桔小实蝇性引诱剂诱捕器悬挂高度和生态环境类型对诱集效果的影响。结果表明,诱捕器的悬挂高度一般应在1m以上,如果树较高,则应悬挂到不低于果树平均高度的0.5～1m;诱捕器的设置位置明显影响诱集结果,若要进行种群动态监测,诱捕器应设置在当地有代表性的果园区,且最好在果园内、果园外都设点进行诱捕。     

进境莲雾辐照杀虫处理试验研究初报

应用钻60（^60Co）对进境莲雾进行辐照处理，600GY剂量对果实品质无影响，300GY剂量可将莲雾果实中橘小实蝇的卵及1、2和3龄幼虫杀死或成为无效个体。     

Implications of on-farm research for local knowledge related to fruit flies and the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda in mango production

We interviewed half of the mango-growers in northern Benin, including 15 farmers involved in a regional fruit fly project, and held focus group discussions with women fruit-pickers. They were asked about pest management and their knowledge of a weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda. All considered low yields due to fruit flies to be the principal constraint upon mango production, estimating economic losses to be between 20 and 45%. None could recognize damage during the first 2 days after fruit fly egg deposition. On-farm research persuaded farmers to stop using insecticides and it also changed negative perceptions of Oecophylla. Over 80% of the farmers involved in on-farm research, compared to 25% of those not involved, reported Oecophylla to be beneficial. All fruit-pickers knew that ants protected mango from fruit flies, with 60% attributing better mango quality in terms of appearance, shelf-life and sweetness to the presence of Oecophylla. Nevertheless, 40% of the pickers still considered weaver ants a nuisance pest during harvest. Ways of reducing this nuisance need to be developed for Oecophylla to gain wider acceptance by mango-growers.