波尔山羊胚胎移植与自然交配所产羔羊生长性能对比

比较了319只胚胎移植所产波尔山羊羔羊和74只自然交配所产波尔山羊羔羊的生长性能,测定得到胚胎移植所产羔羊平均初生重4.08kg,1月龄内平均日增重198g;自然交配所产羔羊平均初生重4.26kg,1月龄内平均日增重187g。结果无显著差异,表明胚胎移植对羔羊的生长发育没有影响。     

临安本地母羊产下南非波尔山羊

杭州正兴牧业有限公司、临安波尔山羊繁殖推广中心 2 0 0 1年审定为省一级种羊场后 ,为高效繁殖推广良种波尔山羊 ,促进养羊业的迅速发展 ,利用胚胎移植技术 ,选用良种南非波尔山羊作供体 ,本地山羊为受体 ,已先后顺利产下纯种南非波尔山羊 9只 ,其中公羔 3只 ,母羔 6只 ,平均初生重达 3 .5kg,最大个体重达 4.5kg。经 2 0余天饲养 ,平均每天增重 2 0 6.6g。在第 1次胚胎移植成功后 ,杭州正兴牧业有限公司计划投资 60万元 ,2 0 0 2年胚胎移植母羊 1 50只。目前已有 1 3头母羊胚胎移植成功 ,受胎率 61 .9%,于 9月下旬已有 6只受体羊产下 9只纯…     

波尔山羊与睢宁白山羊杂交改良效果分析

波尔山羊公羊与睢宁白山羊母羊配种的平均产羔率为１８８－９ ％ 。杂一代羔羊平均初生重２－９０ ｋｇ , 其中母羔重２－８６ ｋｇ, 公羔重２－９６ ｋｇ。杂种羊的早期生长发育快, 从初生至３０ 日龄和３０ 至６０ 日龄的日增重分别为１９７ ｇ 和１６７ ｇ, 公、母羔羊生长模式无显著差异。杂交羔羊的初生重比本地山羊大, 母羊体重越大, 对产羔数和羔羊成活率越有利。此外, 母羊膘情是影响产羔数和羔羊成活的重要因素     

波尔山羊繁殖性能的观察和测定

对从南非引进的 168只波尔山羊进行繁殖性能研究 ,其公羊 7～8月龄达性成熟。母羊 10月龄达性成熟 ,适配年龄为 1～ 1 2岁 ,发情季节明显 ,发情周期为 18～ 2 4d,妊娠期为 141～ 154d ,平均产羔率 174 7% ,羔羊平均出生重 3 55kg。用波尔山羊冷冻精液对本中心纯种波尔母山羊配种 ,情期受胎率高达 74%。对本地发情母羊配种 ,进行杂交改良 ,统计 15 0 0 0头 ,情期受胎率平均为 61 5 %。鲜胚移植成功率达 57%     

饲喂大米草对波尔山羊产羔数、羔羊初生重和体尺指标的影响

文章旨在研究饲喂大米草对纯种波尔山羊的产羔数、羔羊初生重以及羔羊体尺指标的影响。结果表明:饲喂大米草对波尔山羊产羔数、羔羊初生重和羔羊体尺指标等具有一定的影响。其中试验组与对照组双羔的初生重和胸围指标达到差异显著水平(P<0.05)。     

波尔山羊与本地山羊杂交效果试验

选择年龄、体重相近、健康无病的本地母羊33只,通过同步发情处理,采取纯种波尔山羊精液进行人工鲜配,产健康羊22只,杂种羊初生重平均为3.20千克,比本地山羊初生重1.53千克,提高了109.3%,差异极显著(p<0.01)。饲养试验表明杂种羊1～6月龄的平均日增重为191.39克,比本地羊76.94克,提高了148.75%,差异极显著(p<0.01)。说明用波尔山羊改良本地山羊是可行的,能产生更大的经济效益,具有较高的推广价值。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植影响因素的研究

试验就胚胎的发育阶段、胚胎保存时间及移植胚胎数等因素对胚胎移植效果的影响情况进行了研究。结果表明,胚胎发育日龄对受体妊娠率没有显著影响(P>0.05),但移植8~16细胞的胚胎的妊娠率略高于2~4细胞(58.49%vs 61.47%)。人员不是影响受体妊娠率的主要因素。胚胎在体外保存0~120min对妊娠率没有显著影响,但以在体外保存0~30 min内移植的妊娠率最高(65.61%)。黄体与移植胚胎的相对位置对受体的妊娠率没有显著影响(P>0.05),但移植双胚的受体的妊娠率较移植单胚高(61.76%vs 45.17%)。同时,试验统计了经胚胎移植产生的羔羊和自然繁殖羔羊之间的差异,发现经胚胎移植产生的波尔山羊母羔的初生重极显著地高于自然繁殖的母羔(P<0.01),但公羔间的初生重以及公、母羔间的体高、体长、胸围、死亡率和性别比例与自然繁殖羔羊差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植影响因素的研究

试验就胚胎的发育阶段、胚胎保存时间及移植胚胎数等因素对胚胎移植效果的影响情况进行了研究.结果表明,胚胎发育日龄对受体妊娠率没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但移植8～16细胞的胚胎的妊娠率略高于2～4细胞(58.49% vs 61.47%).人员不是影响受体妊娠率的主要因素.胚胎在体外保存0～120 min对妊娠率没有显著影响,但以在体外保存0～30 min内移植的妊娠率最高(65.61%).黄体与移植胚胎的相对位置对受体的妊娠率没有显著影响(P＞0.05),但移植双胚的受体的妊娠率较移植单胚高(61.76% vs 45.17%).同时,试验统计了经胚胎移植产生的羔羊和自然繁殖羔羊之间的差异,发现经胚胎移植产生的波尔山羊母羔的初生重极显著地高于自然繁殖的母羔(P＜0.01),但公羔间的初生重以及公、母羔间的体高、体长、胸围、死亡率和性别比例与自然繁殖羔羊差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

安徽:砀山成功移植波尔山羊胚胎

近日,砀山县官庄坝镇波尔山羊胚胎移植繁育中心传出好消息:去年十月份首批进行胚胎移植的50只本地良种母山羊,有36只顺利产下纯种波尔山羊羊羔,成功率在70%以上,这是中国农科院实施高科技手段的胜利果实。近几年来,波尔山羊一直是养殖业的“亮点”,一头纯种成年波尔山羊,其价格往往在数万元以上,但用传统方法繁殖波尔山羊,不仅需要三四年时间,而且纯度很难保证。胚胎移植就是将完成受精过程的纯种波尔山羊胚胎,通过人工手术,移植到正在发情的母羊腹中,实现“借腹生子”,一步即可实现纯种化梦想。去年夏天,砀山县“碧云轩”毛笔厂厂长邵家干…     

利用绒山羊和萨能山羊做受体进行波尔山羊胚胎移植的对比试验

通过利用不同品种的本地山羊——萨能山羊和绒山羊做受体，进行波尔山羊胚胎移植的对比试验，绒山羊的同期发情率、发情受体可利用率、受胎率、有效胚胎利用率、羔羊出生重较高，萨能山羊的顺产率要好于绒山羊，且奶水充足。试验证明绒山羊是波尔山羊胚胎移植的理想受体，但需加强羔羊产后护理。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.