牛病毒性腹泻病毒间接ELISA方法的建立

持续性感染和免疫耐受是牛病毒性腹泻病的重要特征,也是该病的防控难点.本试验将2种生物型的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV):致细胞病变(CP)型(BVDV OregonC24株)和非致细胞病变(NCP)型(BVDV Yak株),灭活、浓缩作为抗原,分别免疫家兔制备高免血清.同时,使用BVDV全病毒蛋白作为包被原,建立了检测BVDV的间接ELISA检测方法.本试验利用该方法对高免血清进行检测,探讨CP型BVDV与NCP型BVDV抗原免疫原性差异.结果显示,CP型BVDV的高免血清效价均比NCP型BVDV高免血清的效价高,平均高35%.结果表明,CP型BVDV的免疫原性优于NCP型BVDV,且CP型BVDV与NCP型BVDV的血清效价具有明显差异.这为在实践中疫苗毒株筛选及生产提供了理论指导.     

Pestivirus infections in Norway. Serological investigations in cattle, sheep and pigs.

Serum samples from 1,133 dairy cows (187 herds), 3,712 ewes (103 flocks) and 1,317 adult pigs (877 herds), were tested for neutralizing antibodies against the NADL strain of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. The prevalence rate of seropositive animals was 18.5% in cattle, 4.5% in sheep and 2.2% in pigs, such seroreactors being found in 28% of the cattle herds and 18% of the sheep flocks. In all three species the rate showed considerable herd and geographical variation. In cattle the seroreactor rate was similar in herds with normal reproduction and in 62 herds with problems of repeat breeding. Of 31 pig sera containing antibodies against the NADL strain, 27 were also positive in a neutralization test for antibodies against swine fever virus (Baker strain). However, all sera showed a higher titre of antibodies against the bovine strain than against the swine fever virus. It was concluded that the immune response of the pigs had been induced by ruminant pestivirus, and not by swine fever virus.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒截短gB基因原核表达与间接ELISA诊断方法建立

用DNAstar-Protean分析牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gB蛋白的亲水性、抗原性和表面展示概率,据IBRVgB全基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增编码385-550位氨基酸的基因序列。将目的片段克隆,酶切鉴定并测序鉴定后,定向连接到pET-28b载体上,转化表达菌DE3并诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE分析,获得大小约为21.4 ku的目的蛋白,与预测值相符。纯化后的蛋白浓度约为2.0 mg/mL,纯度为95.27%。间接ELISA及Western blotting证明,表达的目的蛋白具有抗原性。以该蛋白作为诊断抗原建立的间接ELISA诊断方法,确定的抗原包被量为50μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释倍数为50。与进口IBRV全毒ELISA抗体诊断试剂盒比较,特异性为92.3%、敏感性为93.8%、符合率为93.3%;试验结果表明该诊断方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性。     

牛传染性胸膜肺炎抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在建立一种检测牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP）血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,用于该病的监测。利用生物信息学软件对CBPP的病原丝状支原体丝状亚种国内分离株Ben-1株的全基因组进行分析,选取脂蛋白rP0308作为包被抗原,通过一系列反应条件的优化,建立了基于rP0308蛋白的间接ELISA抗体检测方法,并对其性能进行评价。结果显示该方法的敏感性为92%,特异性为96%,与牛支原体、牛鼻支原体、无乳支原体、口蹄疫、牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎和牛结核分枝杆菌等阳性血清均不发生交叉反应,批内变异系数在2.41%~6.03%,批间变异系数在2.94%~6.59%,重复性良好。利用本方法和商品化的cELISA试剂盒分别对实验室保存的1 648份临床样品进行检测,该方法与商品化试剂盒的阴性符合率为89.1%,阳性符合率为79.2%,总符合率为88.7%。以上研究结果表明,本研究建立的间接ELISA方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Winter dysentery in dairy herds: electron microscopic and serological evidence for an association with coronavirus infection.

Faeces and, or, paired sera were collected from cows in six dairy herds with classical winter dysentery. Similar samples were collected from cows in three other dairy herds experiencing non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea during the survey period. Coronavirus was the only enteric pathogen identified by immune electron microscopy (IEM) in all six outbreaks, occurring in 26 of 29 (90 per cent) of the affected cows and in one of 11 normal cows from the same herds. Nineteen of 26 affected cows (73 per cent) developed greater than four-fold increases in neutralising antibody titres to the Mebus strain of bovine coronavirus, compared with two of eight normal cows in the same herds. No cows showed greater than four-fold increases in antibody titres to bovine virus diarrhoea virus. None of the cows from the three herds with non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea shed coronavirus in faeces detectable by IEM or developed greater than two-fold rises in coronavirus antibody titres in paired sera. No enteric pathogens were identified in two of the herds. However, two cows in the third herd shed a group B rotavirus detected by IEM. These findings provide additional evidence for a possible role for bovine coronavirus in the aetiology of winter dysentery. Furthermore, this is the first report of a group B rotavirus associated with diarrhoea in adult cattle.     

Border disease in Norway. Serological examination of affected sheep flocks

Serological examination of 4 Border disease affected flocks of sheep using the neutralization test showed antibody prevalences between 14 and 96 %. Prevalence in yearlings in 3 of the 4 flocks was 37 %, it increased with age to 72 % in 5-year-old sheep. Possible reason for low prevalence (2 %) in yearlings in one of the flocks is discussed.     

Serologic evidence of coronavirus infection in New York and New England dairy cattle with winter dysentery.

Acute and convalescent sera were collected from 8 dairy herds with classic clinical features of winter dysentery. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure coronavirus antibody titers, employing calf diarrhea coronavirus as antigen. Twenty-two of the 35 animals tested (63%) showed a greater than or equal to 4-fold seroconversion. Adult cattle in all 8 herds seroconverted. These findings complement previously reported immunoperoxidase and electron microscopic evidence, suggesting an etiologic role for an enteric coronavirus in this disease.     

东北地区规模化奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病血清学调查

为了解东北地区牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病病毒(BVDV)的流行情况,本研究采用间接ELISA试验与套式RT-PCR分型检测方法对东北地区19个规模化奶牛场的1 198份血清进行了BVDV的抗体与核酸检测.结果表明,BVDV在东北地区呈散发性流行,抗体阳性率为23.5％,各奶牛场抗体阳性率在0～40％之间;BVDV核酸阳性的奶牛场均包括在抗体阳性的奶牛场中,并且均为BVDV Ⅰ型.结果提示,东北地区大部分奶牛场中存在BVDV污染,并且可能存在有持续性感染牛,应采取相应的净化措施对该病进行控制.     

牛星状病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型、牛冠状病毒和牛轮状病毒四重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

利用多重荧光定量RT-PCR （real-time RT-PCR）方法,提高对多病原检测的速度和灵敏度,促进对犊牛腹泻的快速诊断和及时治疗。分别在牛星状病毒（BAstV）ORF2基因,牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型（BVDV-1）5'端非编码区,牛冠状病毒（BCV）N pro基因和牛轮状病毒（BRV）VP6基因的保守基因序列设计、合成并试验筛选了四对有效的特异性引物和探针。进一步利用含4种病毒目的片段的重组质粒,对引物和探针的浓度以及反应条件进行了优化,建立了Real-time RT-PCR标准曲线,并对四重Real-time PCR方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性和各种临床样本的适用性进行了评价。结果显示：Real-time RT-PCR最适退火温度和时间分别为50.0℃和45 s,BAstV、BVDV-1、BCV和BRV的引物浓度分别为300、300、400和500 nmol·L^-1,探针浓度分别为250、150、100和300 nmol·L^-1。对BVDV-1、BCV和BRV的最低检测限均为10²copies·μL^-1,对BAstV的最低检测限为10³ copies·μL^-1,具有良好的特异性和重复性。该方法对临床采集的粪样的阳性检出率高于PCR方法。上述结果表明,建立的四重Real-time RT-PCR方法可以用于犊牛腹泻常见病原BAstV、BVDV-1、BCV和BRV的快速鉴别诊断。     

Genetic Heterogeneity of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus In Italy

The genetic characteristics, of 38 field isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) collected in 1999 from sick or healthy and persistently infected cattle of dairy farms situated in northern Italy, were investigated. A partial 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) sequence of each isolate was determined and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. All the isolates were classified as belonging to the BVDV-1 genotype and could be assigned to different BVDV-1 groups, namely BVDV-1b (n = 20), BVDV-1d (n = 6) and BVDV-1e (n = 10). Two remaining isolates could be classified as BVDV-1f and BVDV-1h, respectively. These results provided evidence for genetic heterogeneity of BVDV in Italy, and contribute to a better knowledge of the circulation of BVDV strains, and to their classification.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的原核表达及抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,利用大肠杆菌表达系统成功表达E2蛋白并纯化,利用纯化后的蛋白作为包被抗原,用方阵法对影响ELISA试验的各个因素进行优化,并进行特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。确定E2抗原最佳包被浓度为1μg/mL,最佳血清稀释度为1∶40,最佳封闭液为1%明胶,最佳血清作用方式为37℃作用30 min,酶标抗体的最佳作用方式为1∶2000稀释、37℃作用30 min;最佳底物作用时间为室温20 min,阳性临界值为OD_450nm≥0.255。与血清中和试验和商品化试剂盒进行比较,总符合率分别为98%和96%,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于10%。该方法与其它常见牛病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应。本研究成功建立了间接ELISA方法,为进一步用于大批量牛血清样本的抗体检测和流行病学研究奠定了基础。     

Experimental Infection of Calves with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Type-2 (BVDV-2) Isolated from a Contaminated Vaccine

A non-cytopathic strain of BVDV-2 was isolated from a batch of live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccine, and inoculated intranasally into four 3-month-old calves. Severe signs of disease developed by days 4 and 6 in three of the calves, free of BVDV and antibodies to BVDV, that had been exposed to the virus. These calves survived the acute phase of the infection and progressively recovered. BVDV was consistently isolated, or the respective viral RNA was detected, in the buffy coats from blood samples collected starting from days 2 or 4 up to days 11 or 14 after the experimental infection. Viral RNA was also detected in sera from these infected calves until the presence in the serum of virus neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated. By contrast, the only calf having pre-existing neutralizing antibodies to BVDV at the start of the study was protected from the disease. No virus was detected at any time after experimental inoculation of this calf. Genomic characterization of the BVDV-2 isolated in cell cultures, or detected in sera from the experimentally infected animals, revealed 100% homology in the nucleotide sequence with the BVDV-2 detected as a contaminant of the live IBR virus vaccine. These findings provided evidence of the infective nature of the contaminant BVDV-2 and of its potential to generate disease outbreaks when inoculated into susceptible animals.     

口蹄疫病毒特异性抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以Chap10-VP1融合蛋白为包被抗原。建立了检测口蹄疫病毒特异性抗的间接ELISA方法。抗原包被浓度为50μg／L时。血清最佳稀释度为1：400，病毒与阳性血清的反应可被Chap10-VP1蛋白阻断，检测的灵敏度为1：1600。     

检测牛结核抗体新型ELISA方法的建立及应用

利用分子克隆和Splicing by overlapping extension(SOE)技术,表达了重组蛋白rM70-83-E6,Western blot分析rM70-83-E6具有很好的特异性。以蛋白rM70-83-E6作为诊断抗原建立了间接ELISA方法,ELISA诊断方法的判定标准,即S/P≥0.5为阳性,S/P<0.4为阴性,0.5>S/P≥0.4为可疑。ELISA方法的特异性为96.0%、敏感性为69.4%。对67份PPD皮试阳性和50份PPD皮试阴性(117份)血清样品进行了检测,并与PPD皮试比较。67份PPD皮试阳性血清样品中有46份为ELISA检测阳性,阳性符合率为68.7%,50份PPD皮试阴性牛血清都为阴性,阴性符合率为100%,本ELISA方法与PPD皮试诊断方法总复合率为82.1%。研究表明,ELISA方法具有很好的开发和应用前景。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的亚细胞定位研究

为深入研究牛病毒性腹泻病毒E_2蛋白的生物学功能,了解其在哺乳动物细胞中的亚细胞定位情况,采用RT-PCR扩增牛病毒性腹泻病毒Changchun184株E_2基因,将其克隆至真核表达载体pc DNA3.1/V5His A中,并进行酶切鉴定和测序分析,将构建的重组质粒pc DNA3.1/V5His A-E_2经脂质体介导转染至MDBK细胞。继续培养48h后,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察E_2蛋白在细胞中的亚细胞定位情况。结果表明,E_2蛋白在细胞核与细胞质中均有表达,且绿色荧光呈点状均匀分布。该研究为进一步研究牛病毒性腹泻病毒E_2蛋白的相关功能奠定了基础。