Effects of parenteral supply of iron and copper on hematology, weight gain, and health in neonatal dairy calves

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of parenteral administration of iron and copper on hematological parameters, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves in the period when iron and copper deficiency could be existed. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to four different treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no injections of Fe and Cu), (2) test 1 (1000 mg Fe as fe-dextran was injected to each calf at day 2 of age), (3) test 2 (160 mg Cu as methionine-copper complex was injected to each calf at day 14 of age), and (4) test 3 (Fe and Cu were injected to each calf as mentioned previously). Blood samples were collected from all of the calves within 24-48 hours after birth and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological parameters and within 24-48 hours after birth and at 14, 21 and 28 days of age for the determination of iron, copper, TIBC concentrations, and AST activity. Anti-coagulated blood was analyzed shortly after collection for: number of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heamatocrit (HCT), total leukocyte count (WBC), Platelet (Plt), MCH, MCV, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts. The amounts of iron, copper, TIBC, and AST were measured in serum. Group had significant effects on the amounts of HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, neutrophil, weekly weight gain, and daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). Sampling time had significant effects on the amounts of RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, fibrinogen, copper, TIBC, AST, weight, weekly gain and, daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, platelet, total protein, fibrinogen, iron, and TIBC (p < 0.05). Improved RBC parameters and MCV were seen in calves of group 4 (test 3) in comparing with control group. Total and daily gains were also significantly improved in test groups in comparing with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen for the days of treatment between groups.     

圈养南非海狮血液生理生化指标初探

南非海狮是目前国内外动物园、水族馆中饲养比较普遍的动物,但经常出现一些细菌性、病毒性和寄生虫等疾病,在海狮健康状况监测和疾病诊断中需要有生理生化指标正常值作为参考。但目前南非海狮的正常生理生化指标报道较少。杭州动物园先后对6只成年南非海狮进行采血,共收集20个（12雄8雌）血液常规样本测定了15项主要生理指标和6个（4雄2雌）血清生化标本对18项主要生化指标进行检测。在测定项目中WBC、RBC、MCH、MCV、RDW、HCT、MPV、PCT、ALT、TP、ALB、TBIL、GLU、Ca2＋、Pi、Mg2＋、K＋、Na＋测定值个体间差异不大,而HGB、MCHC、PLT、GGT、ALP、Cr、UA测定值个体间差异较大。在血液常规指标中只有HGB和Lymph（％）雌雄间的差异显著（P〈0．05）。WBC、HGB、PIJT的测定值与斑海豹报道的参考值比较接近,红细胞大小、MCV与人的参考值较接近。这些指标的测定对于海狮的健康状况监测和疾病诊断等工作都将有一定的参考价值。     

姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液指标的影响

为观察姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液系统的影响，将60只SPF级雄性健康小白鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、试验组1、试验组2和试验组3共5组，模型组与3个试验组采用同一水平镉染毒，但同时对3个试验组给予不同剂量的姬松茸水溶性粗多糖溶液进行保护，试验日程为5周，试验结束时对各组小鼠采血，检测各项血液指标。结果显示，模型组小鼠的血液指标红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、血细胞比容（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞血色素浓度（MCHC）显著低于对照组的相应指标；与模型组相比，给予高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖的试验组3的血液指标RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC均显著提高，而白细胞数（WBC）、小型白细胞数（Lym）和中型白细胞数（Mid）则显著下降。证实，重金属镉能够损伤小鼠的血液系统，但高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉的损伤具有防止作用。     

不同阶段矮小型褐壳蛋鸡血液生理生化指标测定

试验测定20、40、60周龄矮小型褐壳蛋鸡血液生理指标、血清生化指标,每一周龄公、母鸡各9只,样本量为54只。将数据进行t检验及多重比较分析,结果表明,在此3个时间点上,指标RBC、HGB、MPV、PDW、LYMF%、TP和CHO呈现上升趋势,指标HCT、MCV、RDW%、WBC、LYMF值是先下降后上升,而MCH、MCHC、PCT、PLT、MID、MID%、GRAN、GRAN%、AST、ALB、TG、GLU和ALT值是先上升后下降。同时,不同周龄鸡之间在血液生理生化指标上表现出不同项目差异显著(P0.05)。20、40及60周龄矮小型褐壳蛋鸡雌、雄间均存在显著差异(P0.05)的血液生理生化指标有RBC、HCT、HGB、WBC、LYMF和AST,这表明矮小型褐壳蛋鸡的生理和生化指标随周龄不同,在雌、雄之间的差异随之发生变化。     

Pomegranate enriched diet enhances the hematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance in olive flounder against Philasterides dicentrarchi

Olive flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus fed with pomegranate enriched diet and challenged with or without Philasterides dicentrarchi had a significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) count on weeks 2 and 4 than the infected group fed with non enriched diet (standard diet). Similarly the red blood cell (RBC) counts did not significantly change in control and treated fish on weeks 1 and 2. It was significantly increased in treated fish on week 2 when compared to the control. In both the groups the hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels significantly increased on weeks 2 and 4. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) did not significantly change at any time in both groups whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased significantly on week 4 in the treated group. The leukocytes such as lymphocytes (Lym), monocytes (Mon), neutrophils (Neu), and biochemical parameters such as total protein (TP), glucose (GLU), and calcium (CAL) levels significantly increased in treated groups on week 2 or 4 as compared to the control. The scuticocidal activity and respiratory burst activity were significantly enhanced in treated groups with or without parasite on weeks 2-4. However, the serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced from weeks 1 to 4. The protective response in terms of cumulative mortality was low in groups fed with enriched diet against parasite when compared to control. Therefore, we suggest that pomegranate enriched diet following challenge with P. dicentrarchi restores the altered hematological and biochemical parameters, and improves the innate immune system in olive flounder against P. dicentrarchi.     

The influence of age and gender on haematological parameters in Lipizzan horses

Haematological parameters [red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] in resting Lipizzan horses were determined for 143 stallions, 104 mares and 25 foals. The mean RBC and WBC values in Lipizzans were in the lower part of the normal range for warm-blooded horses. The mean PCV, MCV and MCH values were higher, but the mean haemoglobin concentration and MCHC values were lower than reported for other warm-blooded horses. In foals, the mean RBC, WBC, PCV, haemoglobin concentration and MCHC values were higher, whereas MCV and MCH were lower than in older animals. Results indicating a significant decrease in WBC (P < 0.01) and an increase in MCV, MCH and MCHC (P < 0.05) with increasing age are consistent with some other reports on warm-blooded horses. The age-related variations in RBC and PCV were less marked. Contrary to some reports, RBC (P < 0.01), WBC and haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001) were higher in Lipizzan stallions than in mares, but differences in MCHC, MCH and MCV were insignificant. The specific haematological values determined in Lipizzans are presumably a result of selection and should be taken into consideration when dealing with this race of horses.     

Hematology and serum biochemistry of Holstein dairy calves: age related changes and comparison with blood composition in adults

Specific reference intervals are needed for each animal species for appropriate interpretation of hematological and serum biochemical results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the blood composition of growing calves in order to evaluate the need for defining reference values for different age groups. Thirty two Holstein calves (18 male and 14 female) were blood sampled. A blood sample was taken within 24-48 h following birth and at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of age. CBC determination and the measurements of some blood serum metabolites, enzymes, electrolytes and minerals were performed. There were significant age related changes for most hematological and biochemical parameters (p < 0.05) except for the numbers of band neutrophils and monocytes and the amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride and BUN. The results of the present study showed that for some hematological and biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, inorganic phosphorus, serum total protein, globulin, AST and ALP at the first three months of life and also, neutrophil numbers and glucose levels at the 24-48 h of life, the age specific reference values must be considered for precise interpretation of laboratory results.     

Hematology in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884)

Blood samples were taken from 78 wild and 21 farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) using ketamine-xylazine sedation during their excited (82 deer) and resting (17 deer) states. Red cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was lower in excited deer than in resting deer. There was no significant difference in total leukocyte count (WBC) between excited and resting wild males, while a marked increase of WBC with neutrophilia was observed in excited wild females. RBC and PCV were significantly higher and MCH was lower in excited males than in excited females. In wild deer, WBC was significantly higher in females than in males, but there was no significant difference in WBC between farmed males and females. Sex differences in the hematological parameters were not observed in fawns (10 months).     

青海省绵羊品种与引进品种先天性免疫研究

为研究青海本地绵羊品种与引进品种的先天性免疫水平和品种特性,本研究选取青海省不同海拔地区的2个本地品种（欧拉羊、白藏羊）和1个引进品种（无角道赛特羊）共186只绵羊,采集新鲜血样,进行血常规检测（白细胞数（WBC）、红细胞数（RBC）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞压积（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCH）、血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、血小板（PLT）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW-CV）、淋巴细胞百分比（LYM%））;制备血清,用绵羊ELISA试剂盒测定白介素-1（IL-1）、白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-18（IL-18）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）和主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）等免疫指标;分别以品种和品种来源地为因变量对检测结果进行比较分析。结果发现,以品种为因变量,无角道赛特羊的免疫水平最高,白藏羊的抗病性稍高于欧拉羊;以品种来源地为因变量时,本地绵羊品种的先天性免疫水平低于引进绵羊品种,对疾病的抵抗力较弱,除MCH、MCHC和RDW-CV外,无角道赛特羊在血液生化水平上均高于青海本地品种,说明无角道赛特羊是具有高抗病能力的优良品种。本试验为不同绵羊品种机体先天性免疫水平的研究提供了参考数据,对青海藏羊的选育工作和品种改良具有指导意义。     

Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling

Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.     

An accidental fatal attack on domestic pigeons by honey bees in Bangladesh

Fatalities among avian species due to multiple bee stings are rare. Sixteen pigeons on a farm in Bangladesh each suffered multiple bee stings. Ten of the pigeons died before treatment, 5 (4–11 stings) died within 12 hr after treatment, and 1 pigeon (only 3 stings) survived. Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, MCV, MCH and MCHC decreased significantly after the incident, but leucocytes, heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, ALT, AST, LDH, CK, creatinine, BUN and UA increased markedly. Overall, the hematological and biochemical changes in the bee-stung pigeons were similar to those of mammals; however, avian species may be more sensitive to bee stings than mammals.     

Age- and Sex-Related Modifications of Hematology in Spanish Purebred Horse

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that age and sex significantly modulate the changes in hematological parameters of physiologically healthy Spanish Purebred horse, establishing the reference values. Blood samples were obtained on a total of 159 horses (n = 77 males and n = 82 females), classified in four age groups: group A (1–2 years; n = 39), group B (>2–3 years; n = 38), group C (>3–4 years; n = 41), and group D (>4–7 years; n = 41). By means ADVIA 2020i, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelets (PLTs), as well as total and differential white blood cells (WBCs) were determined. Total plasma protein was determined by spectrophotometry. Results obtained showed that sex had a limited influence on these parameters, being the HB higher in males and WBC higher in females (P = .047). Age caused a reduction in RBC, with a compensatory increase of MCV and MCH, decrease in WBC, PLT, lymphocytes (LYMPs), as well as an increase of N/L ratio (P = .047). Interactions between age and sex showed higher RBC in males than in females of the group B, and higher HB and WBC in males than in females of the group D. According to hematological data, Spanish Purebred horse was classified as a warm- or cold-blooded horse. Decline of RBC, WBC, and PLT parameters is a natural condition of horse with the advance of age, indicating a decrease of the narrow bone response.     

上海水牛生理生化指标的测定和分析

为研究上海水牛生理生化指标含量,选取精神良好、健康的上海水牛犊牛(1岁内)、青年牛(1-2岁)、成年牛(3岁以上),测定了生理指标、血液生理生化指标含量。结果显示,上海水牛的体重随月龄的增加显著增加(P＜0.05),而呼吸频率、心率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。在检测的22项血液生理指标含量中,有10项指标(平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、淋巴细胞百分比(%LYM)、单核细胞百分比(%MONO)、中性粒细胞百分比(%NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(%EOS)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、单核细胞(MONO))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余12项指标(红细胞(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、网织红细胞百分比(%RETIC)、网织红细胞(RETIC)、白细胞(WBC)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(%BASO)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞(BASO)、血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在检测的18项血液生化指标含量中,有9项指标(血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、磷离子(PHOS)、钙离子(Ca)、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLOB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHOL)、胰淀粉酶(AMYL))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余9项指标(尿素(UREA)、血尿素氮/肌酐比(BUN/CREA)、白蛋白(ALB)、白蛋白/球蛋白比(ALB/GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALKP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、甘油三酯(TRIG)、脂肪酶(LIPA))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。该研究可为上海水牛的选种选育、生长发育评估、营养状况评估、疾病诊断等提供参考。     

断奶日龄对仔猪血液生理指标的影响

选取15窝日龄相近的三元杂交仔猪 ,按14、21、28、35日龄断奶和不断奶随机分为5组 (14E、21E、28E、35E和C) ,每组3窝。主要研究断奶与不同断奶日龄对仔猪血液生理指标的影响。主要结果为 :①哺乳仔猪从21日龄后血液中白细胞水平基本稳定 ,但14日龄时血液中白细胞水平显著低于正常水平 ;21日龄前断奶可显著降低血液中白细胞数量 ,1周后迅速提高 ,但14日龄断奶仔猪直至42日龄血液中白细胞计数(WBC)仍低于正常水平。②仔猪28日龄血液红细胞计数 (RBC)、红细胞中血红蛋白浓度 (HGB)、血液血球比容 (HCT)均达到高峰值 ,RBC、HGB、HCT均不受断奶及断奶日龄影响。③哺乳仔猪14～42日龄间血液平均红血球容积 (MCV)、红血球血红蛋白量 (MCH)呈线性下降的趋势 ,断奶对MCV、MCH测值无明显影响。     

姬松茸多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液系统损伤的治疗作用

为观察姬松茸水溶性多糖对镉中毒小白鼠血液系统的治疗作用,将30只SPF级雄性健康小白鼠随机分为对照组、试验1组、试验2组共三组,两个试验组腹腔注射2.5 mg/（kg·d）氯化镉溶液染毒,对照组腹腔注射与其等容量的生理盐水,每周连续4 d,造模5周,之后对试验2组用300 mg/（kg·d）姬松茸多糖连续治疗15 d。结果表明,与试验1组相比,试验2组的血液指标RBC、HGB、MCV、MCH、MCHC均显著提高,而WBC、Mid、Grn则显著下降;与对照组相比,试验2组的血液指标HGB、MCV均显著降低,而Lym则显著升高。证实,姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉造成的血液系统的损伤具有一定程度的治疗作用。     

果寡糖对固始鸡血液生理指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同添加剂量的果寡糖对固始鸡血液生理指标的影响,并确定果寡糖的最佳添加剂量。选用1日龄固始鸡公雏150只,随机分成5个处理组,1个为对照组,其余4个为试验组,对照组不加果寡糖,其他4个组的果寡糖添加水平分别为3、5、7mg/kg和9mg/kg。测定红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)含量、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)等指标。试验结果表明:1)21和42日龄时,果寡糖试验组的红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量和白细胞数量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组的MCH和MCHC均略有升高,并且可以显著提高MCHC(P<0.05);2)日粮中添加5mg/kg果寡糖对提高红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量、红细胞数量、白细胞数量、MCH和MCHC具有最佳效果。     

“白鼻子”病貉患有低色素小细胞贫血的诊断

为分析貉"白鼻子"病的发病原因,对患"白鼻子"病的貉和正常貉进行了血常规检查,用Mann-whinney法进行了组间差异性检验。结果表明:与正常貉相比,"白鼻子"病患貉淋巴细胞百分比(P=0.049)、中性粒细胞百分比(P=0.031)降低(或减少)且差异显著(P0.05),淋巴细胞计数(P=0.004)、中间细胞计数(P=0.004)、中间细胞百分比(P=0.004)、红细胞计数(P=0.000)、红细胞压积(P=0.000)、平均红细胞体积(P=0.001)、血红蛋白含量(P=0.000)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(P=0.001)降低(或减少)且差异极显著(P0.01),白细胞计数(P=0.130)、中性粒细胞计数(P=0.473)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(P=0.915)、红细胞体积分布宽度(P=0.831)、血小板计数(P=0.915)、血小板压积(P=0.852)、平均血小板体积(P=0.202)、血小板体积分布宽度(P=0.749)差异不显著(P0.05)。通过对"白鼻子"病患貉血色指数、红细胞计数、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白的分析,确定"白鼻子"病貉患有低色素小细胞贫血。     

非洲白犀牛血液常规参数的测定

本研究测定了石林龙晖野生动物科研中心饲养的非洲白犀牛的红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞比积、平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞宽度变异系数、红细胞宽度标准差、血小板数、平均血小板体积、白细胞数、淋巴细胞绝对值、中间细胞绝对值、粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞百分比、中间细胞百分比、粒细胞百分比、大血小板百分比、血小板比积、血小板分布宽度。通过比较分析,雌、雄犀牛在红细胞数、大血小板百分比差异性显著（O．01〈P〈0．05）。其他雌、雄犀牛各项参数差异性不显著（P〉0．05）。雄性白犀牛与公乌蒙马相比,二者的血红蛋白差异性不显著。雌性白犀牛血液中的红细胞数与母乌蒙马的红细胞数差异性不显著。雌、雄白犀牛与安西牛的红细胞数和血红蛋白差异性不显著。因此,在诊断白犀牛血液常规指标时可参考乌蒙马和安西牛相关血液常规指标。     

The blood parameters of 6 dogs in 8 years

Six bastard dogs were born in the institute, and kept there life-long under conventional conditions. Changes in the hematologic state within 8 years (excluding periods of special investigations) are presented as curves of monthly means. Parameters concerned: Hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes, MCV, MCH, MCHC, relative number of reticulocytes, sedimentation rate, number of eosinophils, neutrophils and index of segmentation, number of lymphocytes, monocytes and body weight. The changes of the hematological state show correlations between distinct parameters, and may be interpreted as reactions to repeated infection with Toxocara canis.     

Effects of age on erythrocyte magnesium,sodium and potassium concentrations in female dairy cattle

The effect of age on erythrocyte Mg, Na and K concentrations and the correlations between these parameters (EMg, ENa and EK) and other blood parameters were studied in female dairy cattle ranging from 1 week to over 8 years of age. EMg concentration was higher than plasma Mg, the concentration being highest in calves 1 week old and lowest in cows 3–4 years old. ENa and EK concentrations were lower and higher respectively in calves 1 week of age than in older animals and did not show any significant age variation in those between 1 and 8 years of age. The EK concentration was more highly correlated with erythrocyte parameters (PCV, RCC, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC) than was either EMg or ENa concentrations.