广宁县竹香骨下脚料制备竹碎料刨花板及其复合改性研究

采用竹香骨下脚料为原料,以脲醛树脂和三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂制备竹碎料刨花板,并与木纤维复合改性,检测并分析了内结合强度、静曲强度、弹性模量和吸水性。结果表明,在热压温度为160℃时,竹碎料板和竹木复合碎料板的物理力学性能均满足国标规定在干燥状态下使用的普通用板要求。当木纤维与竹碎料复合后,复合板材的静曲强度和弹性模量有一定程度提高,但内结合强度降低。     

聚丙烯比例对木塑复合材料性能的影响

以木材纤维和废旧聚丙烯塑料为原料,异氰酸酯(MDI)或马来酸酐(MA)为偶联剂,压制木材纤维/聚丙烯复合材料;通过正交试验,研究聚丙烯(PP)用量对木塑复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:PP比例对复合材料的内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率、静曲强度和弹性模量有不同程度的影响.在热压时间、热压温度、复合材料密度相同的条件下,在用MDI做偶联剂,PP用量为40%时,复合材料的性能最佳;在用MA做偶联剂,PP用量为50%时,复合材料的性能最佳.     

聚丙烯比例对木塑复合材料性能的影响

通过正交试验,以木材纤维和废旧聚丙烯塑料为原料,异氰酸酯或马来酸酐作偶联剂,压制木材纤维/聚丙烯复合材料,研究聚丙烯(简称PP)用量对木塑复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,聚丙烯比例对复合材料的内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率、静曲强度和弹性模量有不同的影响。在热压时间、热压温度、复合材料密度相同的条件下,用异氰酸酯(简称MDI)作偶联剂,聚丙烯用量40%时复合材料的性能最佳;而用马来酸酐(简称MA)作偶联剂,聚丙烯用量50%时复合材料的性能最佳。     

木／塑纤维复合材料力学性能平衡性初探

用于轿车内衬件的木／塑纤维复合材料,既要求有一定的力学强度又要求有一定的弹性和韧性,本文就木／塑纤维复合材料力学性能的平衡性（主要指静曲强度与弹性模量的平衡）进行了研究。试验表明：不同的胶粘剂对木／塑纤维复合材料的力学性能的平衡性具有很显著的影响。     

木/麻/PP纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响

采用无纺织气流成型织坯再热压的工艺,研究汽车内饰用木/麻/PP纤维三元复合材料中,3种纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响.研究结果表明,增加PP纤维含量,可以提高复合材料的静曲强度和耐水性;麻纤维含量增加对提高材料的强度影响显著,但耐水性略有下降.当PP纤维含量为40%、麻纤维为30%、木纤维30%时,复合材料的性能较佳.     

Effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) made from underutilized low quality paulownia (Paulownia fortunei) wood

In this study, the effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) made from underutilized low quality paulownia wood was investigated. Organo-modified montmorillonite (MMT) at four levels (0, 1, 3 and 5?%) was added to urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of paulownia wood (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin and ash contents, pH value and hot and cold water solubility), mechanical [modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, screw and nail withdrawal strengths], physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) properties and formaldehyde emission of the strand boards were evaluated. Mechanical properties of all panels complied with the general-purpose OSB minimum property requirements of European Norm. With increasing 5?% nanoclay to UF resin, mechanical and physical properties of the resulting panels improved and formaldehyde emission decreased. However, none of the panels satisfied the thickness swelling and water absorption requirement. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis confirmed the good dispersion of nanoclay in the resulting OSBs. Using paulownia as a fast-growing underutilized species not only can sustain the forests but also can supply raw material to countries facing shortage of wood.     

速生杉木的改性研究——UF树脂浸渍后热压法改性

采用脲醛树脂（UF）浸渍后热压的方法，对速生杉木气干材进行改性。试验结果表明：1.改性后杉木的静曲强度平均提高42%，弹性模量平均提高17%，吸水率平均降低45%，吸水厚度膨胀率基本无变化；2.热压工艺中的压力对改性杉木的MOR，MOE影响最大，树脂浸渍时间是影响其吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率的主要因素。     

聚丙烯用量对复合刨花板性能影响的研究

研究了聚丙烯(PP)的不同加入量对竹材/塑料复合刨花板性能的影响。结果表明:随着PP含量的增加,板材的静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)值呈先上升后下降趋势,当PP含量为35％时达到较大值;随着PP含量的增加,吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)呈下降趋势。当PP加入量为35％时,板材的物理力学性能达到GB/T4897-92的B类优等品要求。     

竹木复合单板层积材制备工艺

以浸渍酚醛树脂的杨木单板和竹帘为原料制备竹木复合单板层积材, 探讨制造工艺对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,竹木复合材料的MOE及MOR均达到或超过了日本JAS标准的相关规定,尺寸稳定性良好; 单板厚度、树脂浓度、压缩率对MOE和MOR有显著影响;组坏方式对MOR影响显著;而吸水厚度膨胀率的影响作用比较复杂.     

聚氯乙烯废料的含量对复合刨花板性能的影响

本研究主要是探求聚氯乙烯废料在复合刨花板中的不同加入量对刨花板物理力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着聚氯乙烯废料加入量的增加,复合刨花板的静曲强度,弹性模量以及内结合强度均降低;吸水厚度膨胀率减小;但振动阻尼系数增大;表面粗糙度也产生一定的变化。在多数情况下板材的物理力学性能可以达到日本ＪＩＳ Ａ ５９０８刨花板标准的要求,这说明在板中加入适量的聚氯乙烯废料可以生产出具有优良性能的刨花板。     

Variation in wood properties among five full-sib families of Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Genetic- and environmental variation and correlation patterns were characterized for modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and related wood traits: latewood proportion, wood density, spiral grain, microfibril angle and lignin content in five full-sib families of Norway spruce. The families were evaluated on the basis of clearwood specimens from the juvenile -mature wood transition zone of 93 sampled trees at age 30 year from seed. Family-means varied significantly (p < 0.05) for all wood traits studied except lignin content. MOE varied between 7.9–14.1 GPa among trees and 9.4–11.0 GPa among families. MOR varied between 47–87 MPa among trees and 61–71 MPa among families. Families remained significantly different in an analysis of specific MOE (MOE/density) and MOR (MOR/density). Hence, solely relying on wood density as a wood quality trait in tree breeding would not fully yield the potential genetic gain for MOE and MOR. Correlations between wood structural traits and specific MOE and MOR are presented and discussed.     

烟秆/木材刨花板的初步研究烟秆

初步探讨了实验室条件下烟秆/木材刨花板的生产工艺,研究了热压时间、施胶量、密度、木刨花加入量等因素对板材的静曲强度、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率的影响.实验结果表明,烟秆/木材刨花板的静曲强度和吸水厚度膨胀率较纯烟秆刨花板有所提高,内结合强度相差不大.     

Dynamic-mechanical analysis and SEM morphology of wood flour/polypropylene composites

Introduction It is well known that over the past few decades, polymers have replaced many conventional materials, such as metal and wood in many applications. This is due to the advantages of polymers over conventional materials (Maurizio et al. 1998; Adr…     

Characterization of major,unused, and unvalued Indonesian wood species I. Dependencies of mechanical properties in transverse direction on the changes of moisture content and/or temperature

Mechanical property changes due to the moisture content (MC) and/or temperature changes were examined for 15 Indonesian wood species. A static bending test was carried out at 20°C, 65% relative humidity (air-dry), and water-saturated at 20°C (wet-20) and 80°C (wet-80). For individual test conditions, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) increased linearly with specific gravity regardless of wood species; however, maximum deflection did not correlate with specific gravity for any MC or temperature conditions. The relative values of MOE and MOR measured in wet-20 to air-dry conditions were variously affected from slightly to strongly depending on the wood species. However, the relative values always decreased markedly when saturated in water at 80°C, regardless of wood species. The relative MOE, MOR, and maximum deflection values due to the change in MC or MC and temperature combined were independent of specific gravity but may be dependent on wood type: softwood or hardwood.     

稻壳形态对稻壳--木材复合材料性能的影响

测试了稻壳形态对稻壳-木材复合材料物理力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，以20网日、30网日和40网目的稻壳为补充材料制备的密度为0．80g／cm^3的板的物理力学性能均达到国标二级品的要求。确立20网目的稻壳适宜于稻壳-木材复合材料。     

密度对稻壳-木材复合材料性能的影响

研究测试在0．75～0．85g／cm^3的变化范围内，密度对稻壳—木材复合材料物理力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，在该密度变化范围内，密度对板的静曲强度、内结合强度及吸水厚度膨胀率等影响显著。     

Properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites as a function of particle size and mixing ratio

This paper presents the effects of particle size and mixing ratio on the properties including physical, mechanical, and decay resistance of wood plastic composites (WPCs). In addition, it also presents the effects of immersion temperatures on water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of the WPCs. WPCs with a thickness of 6 mm were fabricated from Albizia richardiana King & Prain wood particles and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by the flat-press method. To prepare the WPCs, two different wood particle sizes (0.5–1.0 and 1.01–2.0 mm) were used along with four different mixing ratios (w/w). Subsequently, the physical properties include density, moisture content, WA, and TS, and mechanical properties include modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the produced WPCs was evaluated. Furthermore, decay resistance was evaluated by the weight loss percentage method. Moreover, the effects of immersion temperatures on WA and TS of WPCs after 24 h of immersion in water at three different temperatures, i.e., 25, 50, and 75 °C were investigated. Results showed that the wood particle size had impact on WPC’s density (only 6% decreased with the increase of particle size); however, the density decreased by 29% when the wood particle content increased from 40 to 70%. The WA and TS gradually increased with the increase of particle content and decrease of particle size. In addition, WA and TS increased proportionately with increasing immersion temperature from 25 to 75 °C. Furthermore, the highest MOE (2570 N/mm²) was found for the WPCs fabricated from large wood particles having the ration of 50:50 (wood particle:PET). For decay resistance, WPCs consisted of larger particles and higher PET content showed greater resistance against decay. Therefore, it is comprehensible that fabrication of the WPCs from 50% large particles and 50% PET is technically feasible and further improvement of WPC performance like enhancement of MOE and reduction of density using coupling agent and agricultural waste fibers, respectively, in the WPC formulation is recommended.     

聚乙烯醇缩甲醛胶对杉木木材的物理与力学性能的影响

对杉木素材与聚乙烯醇缩甲醛浸渍处理材的物理与力学性能进行了对比研究,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了改性剂在木材中的分布情况。结果表明:随着改性剂浓度的提高,改性材的气干密度和抗缩系数均逐渐提高,气干密度最大可达0.4 g/cm3,提高了5.7%,抗缩系数最大提高了18.8%;改性材的吸水率逐渐下降,最多下降了21.1%;当改性剂浓度为30%时,改性材的破坏极限和弹性模量分别提高了6.7%和35.3%;当改性剂浓度为15%时,静曲强度下降了9.9%。SEM结果表明,改性剂填充于部分木射线以及交错纤维间的空隙中。     

Changes in the mechanical properties of wood during a period of moisture conditioning

Changes in the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and stress relaxation in the radial direction of wood (hinoki:Chamaecyparis obtusa) moisture-conditioned by the adsorption process from a dry state and by the desorption process from a moisture content slightly below the fiber saturation point were investigated. The MOE and MOR of wood conditioned by the adsorption process showed significant increases during the later stages of conditioning when the moisture content scarcely changed. However, with the desorption process they did not increase as much during later stages of conditioning, though they increased during early stages of conditioning when the moisture content greatly decreased. The stress relaxation of wood decreased with an increase in the conditioning period with both the adsorption and desorption processes. These results suggest that wood in an unstable state, caused by the existing state of moisture differed from that in a true equilibrium state shows lower elasticity and strength and higher fluidity than wood in a true equilibrium state. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the unstable states of wood induced during the course of drying, desorption, and possibly adsorption of moisture are slowly modified as wood approaches a true equilibrium state.     

Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus nitens wood thermally modified in open and closed systems

ABSTRACT

In the present work, Eucalyptus nitens was thermally modified in an open (atmospheric pressure) and a closed (under pressure) reactor system. The effect of the changes of the chemical composition on the mechanical properties was investigated. Hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, extractives, acetic acid, formic acid, total phenols and the cellulose degree of polymerization (DP) as well as modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each modification. The results indicated that the closed system modification, particularly at high pressure, presented stronger variations on the chemical structure of the modified wood than the modifications in the open system. In both modifications, MOR showed a better correlation with the chemical changes than the MOE, especially xylose, cellulose DP, lignin and total phenols. These correlations suggest a tendency of a more brittle wood in the closed system modification at high pressure than in the modifications in the open system. Results can be used as a reference for future applications of thermally modified E. nitens wood.