东海银鲳幼鱼对不同软颗粒饲料的摄食速率

为了解室内水泥池养殖银鲳幼鱼的摄食偏好,比较了银鲳幼鱼对4种不同软颗粒饲料的摄食速率。采用2×2试验设计,在水温为28~30℃,盐度为20~22的条件下,分别于早、晚两个时间点给东海银鲳幼鱼投喂海水鱼配合饲料粉末(F)、海水鱼配合饲料粉末+马鲛鱼肉糜(FR)、"鱼宝"饲料(Y)、"鱼宝"饲料+马鲛鱼肉糜(YR)等4种软颗粒饲料,之后测定其摄食速率,同时测定饲料的溶失速率。试验结果:软颗粒饲料中的配合饲料成分可显著影响银鲳幼鱼的摄食速率(P<0.05),而添加马鲛鱼肉糜对银鲳幼鱼的摄食速率无显著影响(P>0.05),软颗粒饲料中的配合饲料成分与添加马鲛鱼肉糜的交互作用对银鲳幼鱼的摄食速率无显著影响(P>0.05);无论摄食何种软颗粒饲料,银鲳幼鱼早、晚的摄食速率差异不显著(P>0.05);不同软颗粒饲料在水中的溶失速率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明:用"鱼宝"饲料和海水鱼配合饲料粉末分别配制软颗粒饲料,银鲳幼鱼摄食速率无显著性差异,添加马鲛鱼肉糜后可改善银鲳的摄食,但不会显著加快其摄食速率;各种软颗粒饲料在水中稳定性的排序为Y>YR>FR>F。综合分析,用"鱼宝"饲料配制的软颗粒饲料效果优于用海水鱼配合饲料粉末配制的软颗粒饲料。     

饲料中大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响

银鲳(Pampus argenteus)是沿海重要的经济鱼类,本研究针对养殖银鲳幼鱼进行人工配合饲料研发,降低饲料成本、增强鱼体体质、提高存活率等.通过配制以100％鱼油(FO)、70％鱼油和30％大豆油(FSO)、30％鱼油和70％大豆油(SFO)、100％大豆油(SO)为脂肪源的4组饲料,检测银鲳幼鱼血清溶菌酶(LZM)和组织抗氧化性能的变化情况,以探究饲料大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳幼鱼健康的影响.结果显示,SFO组血清LZM水平最高,SO组最低,但各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).FSO和SFO组的肌肉丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于FO和SO组(P＜0.05),肝脏MDA含量则是FO和FSO组较高(P＜0.05).血清和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力最高的均为SFO组,而SO组活力较低.相对地,肝脏SOD和CAT活力均是FO组最高(P＜0.05).肌肉和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均是FO和FSO组较高,而血清T-AOC是SO组较高.研究表明,豆油替代30％和70％鱼油,对银鲳幼鱼免疫和抗氧化能力都略有促进作用,但完全使用豆油会对机体产生负面影响.     

河北沿海银鲳渔业资源现状分析

根据近年来河北沿海渔业资源调查并结合相关历史资料,对河北沿海银鲳资源现状进行了研究,结果表明:由于河北海域捕捞力量和强度过大,已远远超过了银鲳资源的承受能力,银鲳资源量快速衰减;银鲳鱼群体组成呈现低龄化、小型化趋势,且生殖年龄提前。提出了恢复和保护银鲳渔业资源的建议。     

长江口南岸水域银鲳及幼鱼资源动态监测

对上海市长江口南岸水域银鲳成鱼资源动态监测的结果表明,近年来,尤其是2003~2005年春汛期间,银鲳的成鱼资源呈现逐步恢复的态势,成鱼平均体重达200g以上,平均叉长达160mm以上,基本符合东海区渔政渔港监督管理局制定的体重150g以上的可捕标准,说明对银鲳的保苗措施取得了一定成效。对银鲳幼鱼资源同步监测的结果表明,1998~2005年银鲳的幼鱼资源变动很大,幼鱼的首次出现日期逐年提早,2002年的发生时间最早,为5月8日,2003~2005年稳定在5月20日左右。为此,建议将保苗休渔的起始日期提前1个月。     

不同开口饵料对鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼生长性能的影响

以枝角类(Moina sp.)、水丝蚓(Limnodrilus sp.)、鲂鱼苗(Megalobrama amblycephala)、鱼苗宝(配合饲料)和枝角类+水丝蚓为开口饵料投喂鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼,经13d培育,结果表明:以枝角类+水丝蚓作为鸭绿沙塘鳢的开口饵料,仔鱼的生长速度最快,成活率最高,其平均体重、平均全长和平均成活率分别为21.37±8.44mg、12.58±1.11mm和88.33%;其中平均全长高于其它各组,差异显著(P0.05);平均体重大于其它各组,与枝角类、鲂鱼苗、鱼苗宝(配合饲料)组差异显著(P0.05);平均成活率高于其它各组,且与各组差异显著(P0.05)。鸭绿沙塘鳢仔鱼的最适开口饵料是枝角类+水丝蚓;其次为鲂鱼苗、水丝蚓和枝角类,鱼苗宝不适合作为其开口料。     

Growth Response of Penaeus setiferus to Four Commercial Feeds Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Shrimp farmers have access to and have evaluated a diverse number of shrimp species; however, due to culture and market considerations three penaeid species ( Penaeus monodon, P. orientalis and P. vunnamei ) account for 80% of the world production (Weidner and Rosenbeny 1992). Although culture techniques for these species have been extensively studied and are relatively well established, they are not native to U.S. coastal waters and hence possess problems associated with the use of exotic species. Three native species P. aztecus . brown shrimp; P. duorarum , pink shrimp; and P. setiferus , white shrimp, support commercial fisheries along the Gulf states (Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council 1981). The commercial culture of these species would avoid the inherent problems associated with the culture of exotic species and allow shrimp farmers in the Caribbean basin to more effectively expand operations.     

灰鲳冻结后在两种贮藏温度下质量的影响

<正> 一、前言随着我国水产事业的发展,冷冻技术在水产品贮藏中日益受到广泛重视。据1983年统计,我国冷冻水产品的产量为505,587吨。为了满足城乡人民的生活以及出口需要,冷冻水产品的产量将会出现增长的趋势。但是,在生产或流通方面却存在一些问题:其中,贮藏温度对水产品质量的影响。我国的冷库一般都采用-18℃,但许多沿海和一些大中城市的水产冷库,常常高于-12℃。在长期保存中,少量细菌可于几天或几周内在此温度下繁殖剧增,尤其是保存在临界的冷藏温     

养殖银鲳卵巢发育的组织学观察

每月定时取人工养殖子代银鲳(Pampus argenteus)样本,采用常规石蜡切片技术对样本卵巢发育情况进行周年观察。期间共采集到雌性银鲳样本92尾,叉长范围为113.1~185.7 mm,体质量33.6~187.5 g。按照各个时相形态特征和卵巢周年变化情况,养殖银鲳卵子发生分为6个时相,卵巢发育分为6个时期。研究表明,养殖条件下的银鲳群体与野生群体卵巢发育的组织学结构无明显差异,且繁殖季节基本一致,但养殖群体卵巢成熟系数明显低于野生群体。推测养殖过程中温度、光照和营养等因素对银鲳性腺发育和成熟具有较大的影响。本研究旨在为银鲳人工繁育研究提供基础科学支持。     

不同条件下雨生红球藻生长的研究

以MAV为基本培养基，对雨生红球藻进行充气、不充气及添加不同浓度N aHCO3进行培养。结果发现，作为藻类生长因素之一的碳源，在培养雨生红球藻的过程中进行适量添加对促进该藻的生长是需要的。充气对雨生红球藻的生长有极显著的影响，促进该藻生长的最适NaHCO3浓度为0.2g/L。     

银鲳与翎鲳肌肉必需氨基酸组成模式的比较分析

比较分析了相同规格银鲳与翎鲳幼鱼肌肉必需氨基酸的组成模式。结果显示,银鲳与翎鲳肌肉中氨基酸均以谷氨酸含量最高,分别为2.91、2.77 g/100 g湿物质,色氨酸含量最低,分别为0.17、0.18 g/100 g湿物质;银鲳肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸总量分别为18.08、9.32与6.84 g/100 g湿物质,翎鲳肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量及呈味氨基酸总量分别为17.25、8.80与6.60 g/100 g湿物质;银鲳肌肉中必需氨基酸的组成比例为缬氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶异亮氨酸∶亮氨酸∶苏氨酸∶苯丙氨酸∶组氨酸∶赖氨酸∶精氨酸∶色氨酸=6.02∶3.12∶5.66∶9.45∶4.33∶4.50∶2.56∶11.15∶7.06∶1.00,翎鲳肌肉必需氨基酸中缬氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶异亮氨酸∶亮氨酸∶苏氨酸∶苯丙氨酸∶组氨酸∶赖氨酸∶精氨酸∶色氨酸=5.64∶2.42∶5.18∶8.74∶4.12∶4.13∶2.46∶10.28∶6.65∶1.00。统计分析表明,银鲳与翎鲳间肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量以及必需氨基酸的组成模式并无显著性差异(P0.05)。     

Effect of Salinity on Growth and Survival in Juvenile Opossum Pipefish,Microphis brachyurus,in Culture Conditions

Natural populations of the opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus, are affected in Mexico by anthropogenic alteration of their habitat and unregulated fishing as this species is traded as an aquarium fish without formal records as occurs with other syngnathids around the world. M. brachyurus is an estuarine fish adapted to salinity fluctuations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect on growth, condition, and survival of juvenile pipefish cultured for 4 wk at salinities of 0, 8, and 16 g/L. Pipefish were fed enriched Artemia nauplii maintaining a ration rate of 14% body weight per day (dry weight Artemia: wet weight fish). Pipefish cultured at 16 g/L showed lower survival (40%) than those at 0 and 8 g/L (100 and 96%, respectively), while juveniles cultured in 8 and 16 g/L were heavier (0.393 and 0.388 g, respectively), longer (9.9 cm), and grew faster (1.4) than those in 0 g/L (0.294 g, 9.1 cm, and 0.44, respectively). This study is the first to report that a salinity of 16 g/L compromises M. brachyurus culture potential and a salinity of 0 g/L caused poor growth while the optimal salinity for the species appears to be around 8 g/L.     

银鲳渤海湾群体形态特征统计分析

对天津汉沽区海域渔获物银鲳的形态学性状进行测量分析。结果表明:全长/体长为1.45±0.04,体高/体长为0.54±0.03,头长/体长为0.24±0.01,尾柄高/体长为0.09±0.006,眼间距/体长为0.10±0.006,眼径/体长为0.08±0.005,肠长比为2.81±0.33。背鳍43⁴8、尾鳍2248、尾鳍22³6,胸鳍2036,胸鳍20³3,臀鳍4233,臀鳍42⁴9、鳃耙1949、鳃耙19²4,幽门盲囊16924,幽门盲囊169²72,椎骨31272,椎骨31³7。当样本个体大小处于同一水平时,以身体主要部分的比例特点为依据难以进行性别区分,可数性状亦不能作为性别区分的可靠依据。另外,不同地理群体样本的可数性状差异与生长阶段和环境因素均有关系。     

集约化养殖条件下暗纹东方魨生长特征的研究

报道了在集约化养殖条件下４～２０月龄暗纹东方的生长特征。其中体长、体重的相对生长率和生长指标皆随月龄增加而逐渐下降。体长与体重呈指数曲线相关，方程为，体长、体重的生长方程分别为Ｌ＝１１９．５６Ｌｎ（ｔ）－９０．４６９，Ｗ＝０．４１２７ｔ。试验表明，暗纹东方纯在集约化养殖条件下具有良好的生长潜力，可进行规模化商品鱼养殖。     

Effects of Hyperoxic Conditions on Growth Performance in Juvenile and Adult Green Sea Urchin,Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

The effects of hyperoxic conditions on survival, gonad growth, feed intake, and food conversion of adult and somatic growth and survival of juvenile green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, were examined. Juvenile and adult sea urchins with initial diameters of 11.5 and 75 mm, respectively, were reared in water with constant oxygen saturations of 100 (control), 115 and 130% for 42 d (juvenile) and 51 d (adult sea urchin) at 8 C and 33‰ salinity. During the experiment the gonad indices of the adults tripled from 7.3% (±1.5) to 21.4% (±4.3), 19.4% (±4.7), and 22.0% (±4.4) for the groups kept at 100, 115, and 130% oxygen saturation, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the differences in gonadal size among the groups were not significant. Neither were there any significant differences in food intake or food conversion ratio among the groups. Only one animal died during the experiment. The juvenile sea urchin kept at 100, 115, and 130% oxygen saturation doubled their test diameter from initially 11.5 mm (±1.5) to 19.9 mm (±1.4), 21.4 mm (±2.1) and 20.6 mm (1.0), respectively, but there were no significant differences in growth among these groups. There was no mortality during the experiments in these groups. Overall, the findings suggest that juvenile and adult S. droebachiensis are unable to utilize hypersaturation of oxygen to increase somatic or gonad growth, but can be reared at hyperoxygenated water for prolonged periods of time without harmful effects.     

Growth of Juvenile Scup,Stenotomus chrysops,Fed Three Commercial Diets

Juvenile scup, Stenotomus chrysops, 0.5–1.5 g weight were fed three different commercial diets for six weeks to determine growth rates. Diets were hand-distributed to triplicate groups of 30 fish, four times a day. Survival for all treatments was 93%. The diets used were INVE Aquaculture NRD marine diet (NRD), Skretting Feed Products Gemma starter feed (Gemma), and Salt Creek Progression fish starter diet (Progression). While all diets supported good growth, after 6 weeks scup fed the NRD diet were of significantly greater length and weight (P?<?0.05) than fish fed the other diets. The effects of each diet on fish growth were significantly different from each other (P?<?0.05), with final live weight (g), total length (mm), relative growth rate (RGR), and daily weight gain (DWG) measurements higher for fish fed the NRD diet. Scup fed the Gemma diet were of significantly greater length and weight than fish fed the Progression diet. The specific growth rate (SGR) of scup fed either the NRD or Gemma diets were not significantly different; however, both of these diets produced fish with significantly higher SGR than those fed the Progression diet. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) of scup fed either the NRD or the Gemma diets were significantly lower than the FCR of fish fed the Progression diet. SGR values were 6.6%, 6.3%?and 5.6%/day, and FCR values were 1.03, 1.11, and 1.31 for fish fed the NRD, Gemma, and Progression diets, respectively. RGR values were 1,439%, 1,212%, and 895%, and DWG values were 0.33 g, 0.27 g, and 0.20 g/day for scup fed the NRD, Gemma, and Progression diets, respectively.     

Effect of Shelter, Broodstock Number, and Sex-Ratio on Juvenile Production in the Swordtail Xiphophorus helleri under Intensive Culture Conditions

Abstract.— Filial cannibalism has been identified as a constraint to the intensive production of swordtails Xiphophorus helleri . The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of refuge availability and quantity, broodstock population density, and adult sex-ratio on the rate of cannibalism under culture conditions. The availability of shelter had a significant effect on the number of harvestable juveniles, while the quantity of shelter did not affect harvest size. At a constant sex-ratio of 1:1 and broodstock population densities of four, ten, and 16 fish per 300-L tank the amount of juveniles harvested was lowest at the stocking density of four fish per tank, but did not increase significantly when stocking density was raised from ten to 16 fish per tank. Rate of cannibalism was lowest at the lowest population density. At a constant stocking density of ten fish per tank and sex-ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 4:1 (male: female), the highest number of juveniles was obtained at a social structure of two males and eight females. Rate of cannibalism was independent of sex-ratio, indicating that males and females are equally cannibalistic. These results suggest that the 300-L broodstock tanks should be stocked with a maximum of two males and between five and eight females to obtain the greatest number of harvestable juveniles per tank.     

饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对银鲳幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

以银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼为研究对象,设置4组不同南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉水平(0%、10%、20%、40%,其中0%为对照组)的饲料,进行60 d的饲养实验,探讨饲料中添加南极磷虾粉对银鲳幼鱼生长、非特异性免疫及抗氧化功能的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加南极磷虾粉的处理组银鲳增重率与特定生长率(SGR)较对照组均有显著性提高(P <0.05),但在添加不同比例南极磷虾粉的饲料组间(10%、20%、40%),银鲳的增重率与特定生长率无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及溶菌酶(LZM) 20%饲料组活性均为最高,但与对照组无显著差异;肝脏AKP活性、肾脏LZM活性10%饲料组均分别显著高于其它各组(P <0.05);肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性40%处理组显著高于对照组(P <0.05),20%饲料组也高于对照组,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);添加南极磷虾粉的饲料组血清和肌肉中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均高于对照组,其中40%饲料组血清和肌肉CAT的活性均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结果表明,本实验条件下,结合银鲳幼鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫及抗氧化能力的分析,南极磷虾粉替代饲料中鱼粉的适宜比例建议控制在10%～20%。     

Growth of Juvenile Green Sea Urchins,Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis,Fed Formulated Feeds with Varying Protein Levels Compared with a Macroalgal Diet and a Commercial Abalone Feed

The effects of varying protein and carbohydrate levels in prepared diets on the somatic growth of juvenile green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, were examined. Ten diets were tested on 600 hatchery reared urchins (mean start weight = 0.11 g) for 6 mo with three replicate groups per diet. Nine of the diets were prepared specifically for urchins and varied in protein (16–40% protein) and carbohydrate (29–49% carbohydrate) levels. The other two diets consisted of a commercially available abalone diet and the kelp, Saccharina latissima. Weight measurements were carried out at 6‐wk intervals, and at the end of the study urchins were individually weighed and a subsample from each treatment was analyzed for gonad weight and color. End weights after 6 mo ranged from 2.56 g for urchins fed the abalone diet to 6.11 g for urchins fed one of the prepared diets. Most of the prepared feeds outperformed kelp, and significant differences in growth were detected between some of the diets. In general, diets with lower protein levels (16–22% protein) and higher carbohydrate levels (>40% carbohydrate) produced the fastest growth. However, further diet refinement and/or use of finishing diets may be necessary to optimize gonad quality.