乳化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及养分利用率的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同来源油脂饲粮中添加乳化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及养分利用率的影响。试验采用2×3二因子析因试验设计,A因子为菜籽油和牛油两种油脂饲粮组,B因子为无乳化剂添加组、添加乳化剂1组和添加乳化剂2组,乳化剂添加量均为商业推荐量。选取672只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成6组,每组8个重复,每个重复14只鸡(公母各半)。结果表明,肉仔鸡生长后期及全期,乳化剂1组平均日采食量和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),乳化剂1和2均有降低料肉比的趋势。饲粮中添加乳化剂1显著提高了生长前期肉仔鸡干物质表观消化率及表观代谢能值(P<0.05)。牛油饲粮组肉仔鸡生长全期的平均日采食量和料肉比显著高于菜籽油饲粮组(P<0.05),不同油脂饲粮组肉仔鸡的平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。菜籽油饲粮组生长全期肉仔鸡粗脂肪表现消化率和表观代谢能值均显著高于牛油组(P<0.05)。结果提示,从试验全期来看,在牛油饲粮和菜籽油饲粮中分别添加外源乳化剂,肉仔鸡生产性能及脂肪利用率均有提高,乳化剂对牛油饲粮的改善程度优于菜籽油饲粮,且乳化剂产品之间也有差异。     

高油脂玉米在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用

玉米是家禽日粮中最广泛使用的产能饲料原料之一。干马齿种玉米粒(dry dent corn grain)含有8．5％粗蛋白质和14025．8kJ代谢能／kg.玉米育种者通过提高或降低油脂含量来改变其能量含量。油脂含量的提高是通过增加玉米粒的胚含量来完成的;同时,玉米粒的蛋白质含量也随     

在肉仔鸡日粮中添加必需氨基酸和维生素的效果

提高DL-蛋氨酸、L-赖氨酸和维生素水平,探讨对肉鸡生产性能的影响,其做了四顶试验,以下分别叙述.     

泰乐菌素在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用

选用ＡＡ公雏４８０只,随机分为５个处理（２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ酒石酸泰乐菌素;１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ酒石酸泰乐菌素;８．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ磷酸泰乐菌素;４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ金霉素;５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ洛克沙生）,每个处理８个重复,每个重复１２只鸡,三阶梯笼养。试验表明：在用药期（１～６周）及整个试验期（１～７周）内,三个泰乐菌素处理组的增重高于金霉素和洛克沙生组,料肉比低于金霉素和洛克沙生组,但尚未达到统计学显著水平（Ｐ＞０．０５）;在肉仔鸡日粮中,添加１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的酒石酸泰乐菌素即可发挥作用,将其添加量提高至２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ水平,并未进一步提高鸡的生产性能。从经济效益及环保和卫生角度考虑,肉仔鸡日粮中酒石酸泰乐菌素的添加水平以１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ为宜。     

水溶性乳化剂对肉仔鸡饲喂效果的研究

试验研究水溶性乳化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,试验选用AA肉仔鸡10710只,随机分成7个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复510只,肉鸡分3个阶段饲养(0～21d、22～42d、43d～出栏)。处理A为对照组,肉鸡3个阶段的代谢能水平分别为12.2、12.7和13.0MJ/kg;粗蛋白质相应为21.5%、19.1%和17.2%;处理B在处理A的基础上添加125g/t乳化剂;处理C、D、E、F、G,分别在对照组B日粮的基础上减少5、6、7、8、9kg/t油脂,使其代谢能水平分别降低167.2、200.6、234.1、267.5、301.0kJ/kg。各处理组除代谢能以外的其它营养水平均一致。研究结果表明:肉鸡全价料中减少5～9kg/t油脂后添加水溶性乳化剂125g/t,对肉鸡ADF(I平均日采食量)、ADG(平均日增重)、料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);肉鸡全价料中不减少脂肪,添加水溶性乳化剂125g/t,可以降低料重比(P<0.05)。日粮中添加125g/t水溶性乳化剂能够提高167.2～292.6kJ/kg的代谢能,节约5～9kg/t油脂。     

肉仔鸡日粮中补铬的研究

选用４００只１日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为４组（公母各半）。Ⅰ组为对照组,喂以基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加０．１,０．２和０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ吡啶羧酸铬（以铬计）,试验期４２ｄ。结果表明：试验组肉仔鸡的腹脂率和血清中总胆固醇一显著低于对照组,其中Ⅲ组极显著低于Ⅰ组,试验组胸肌率显著高于对照组,而生产性能和屠宰率与对照组鸡差异不显著。     

外源性脂肪乳化剂饲喂肉仔鸡的试验

选取360只21日龄的AA肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每重复30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加250mg/kg脂肪乳化剂,试验2组添加500mg/kg脂肪乳化剂。试验分2阶段进行,22～35日龄饲喂I期日粮,35～49日龄饲喂II期日粮,每期结束时进行生长性能统计,并于每期试验结束前2d收集鸡群粪便进行消化率测试。试验结果表明,外源性脂肪乳化剂能有效提高肉仔鸡生产性能和脂肪消化率,平均日增质量提高7.5%(P<0.05),料重比下降6.1%(P<0.05),脂肪利用率提高6.8%(P<0.05)。     

肉仔鸡日粮中添加苜蓿草粉效果研究

为探讨添加苜蓿粉日粮对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质等指标的影响。饲养试验采用21日龄的艾维茵肉仔鸡(公母比1:1)200只,分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别饲喂不含苜蓿粉、含2%苜蓿粉、4%苜蓿粉、6%苜蓿粉的日粮。试验期22～42日龄。屠宰试验在42日龄进行,每处理组选4只鸡(公母比1:1)。试验结果表明:添加苜蓿草粉组肉仔鸡的平均日增重均略低于对照组,平均日采食量、耗料增重比均高于对照组。平均日采食量随苜蓿粉添加量增加呈现先升高后降低的规律,但组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);添加苜蓿草粉组的肉鸡的皮肤颜色和胫颜色均比对照组深,以添加4%草粉组的皮肤颜色最深,添加4%和6%草粉组的胫颜色与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);添加苜蓿草粉组的肉鸡的腹脂率均略高于对照组,且随着草粉含量的增加而增加;各处理间的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。苜蓿可作为良好的天然色素添加剂,对肉仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质无显著影响。     

转基因稻谷在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用研究

试验以不同品质稻谷替代40%玉米饲喂肉仔鸡,探讨对其生长情况、内脏器官及血液指标的影响。将200只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组50只,公母各半,采用单因素有重复试验设计,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用普通稻谷、新高赖氨酸转基因稻谷组、陈高赖氨酸转基因稻谷组替代40%玉米配制日粮。试验分2个阶段,前期1～21日龄,后期22～42日龄。试验结果表明:①3种品质稻谷替代40%玉米对肉仔鸡前期促生长作用明显,其中新、陈高赖氨酸含量转基因稻谷组料肉比均比对照组显著降低(P<0.05);后期普通稻谷组料肉比最低,新高赖氨酸含量转基因稻谷组肉仔鸡平均体重最高。②3种品质稻谷能促进前期肉仔鸡肝脏生长,其中高赖氨酸转基因稻谷组提高最为显著(P<0.05);后期肾脏指数3个稻谷组均比对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。③3种品质稻谷对早期血液生化指标存在一定影响;后期葡萄糖浓度3个稻谷组均比对照组显著提高(P<0.05),其它各项指标差异不显著。3种品质稻谷替代40%玉米配制日粮饲喂肉仔鸡是可行的。     

木聚糖酶在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用

本文就木聚糖酶的来源、理化性质及其在肉仔鸡生产中的应用作一综述。     

微生态制剂在肉种鸡生产上的应用

抗生素类药物在动物疫病的控制发挥着积极的作用,但养殖业通过药物控制疾病所形成的药源性污染（病原产生耐药性、动物性食品的药物残留等）及使用药物后对机体免疫系统潜在的伤害、药物对机体内正常微生物菌群破坏后的危害逐步显现,为此应用功能性饲料添加剂替代或部分替代抗生素是关系食品安全、改善动物福利、提高养殖性能、增加养殖效率的重要途径。 微生态制剂作为新型饲料添加剂在近几年的发展很快,通过微生态制剂中的有益微生物与动物消化道中的病原微生物的竞争抑制、生物夺氧等机理保持胃肠道中微生物的菌群平衡,促进胃肠道功能的正常化,促进营养吸收,有益微生物能促进肠道局部淋巴组织的发育达到增强动物机体的免疫功能,因此微生态制剂具有预防疾病,促进营养物质的消化吸收、提高饲料转化率并蛋鸡种鸡生产中可提高蛋的品质,为此在生产中广泛应用。国内生产厂家众多,因技术、设备、生产工艺的不同,质量也良莠不齐,笔者对大连三仪动物药品有限公司生产的微裳包裹的微生态制剂在肉种鸡生产中的应用效果进行观察和分析,结果如下。     

复合酶制剂在广东麻黄肉鸡中的应用试验

试验通过在日粮中添加复合酶制剂,研究复合酶制剂对广东麻黄肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。试验结果表明:①在肉鸡低能量玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加复合酶,有提高肉鸡日增重的趋势;负对照组日粮中添加AB酶100g/t后不影响肉鸡的生产性能。②肉鸡日粮中添加复合酶有提高肉鸡血清中血糖浓度的趋势;1～30日龄肉鸡血清中尿素氮浓度有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);34～57日龄肉鸡血清中尿素氮浓度显著降低;肉鸡日粮中添加AB酶100g/t显著提高了30日龄肉鸡血清中总蛋白的浓度;对57日龄肉鸡有提高血清中总蛋白的趋势。     

Protein supply in organic broiler diets

Abstract

Organic feed legislation, long-rearing periods and high requirements of sulphur-rich amino acids (AAs) complicate the composition of a well-balanced organic diet for broilers. To evaluate the effect of protein and AA composition, three different diets were fed to 180 Ross broilers, divided over 45 pens. The diets comprised a low crude protein (CP) and AA diet, a high CP diet aiming at AA levels used in conventional production and a low protein diet supplemented with lysine, methionine and threonine up to levels of the high protein diet. Chickens were immunologically challenged with an inactivated infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine; antibody titres, heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios, lymphoid organ weights and digestibility coefficients were recorded. In general, bird performance improved with increasing dietary CP and AA levels. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect any of the measured immune or stress-related parameters.     

Utilisation of different cereals in broiler diets

1. Wheat, yellow maize, pearl millet (bajra) and sorghum (white jowar) were analysed for proximate constituents, tannins and available carbohydrates. Metabolisable energy (ME) contents were determined.

2. Each cereal was included in diets of equal nitrogen and energy content at two contents to contribute 4–2 or 6–3 MJ ME/kg for feeding to broilers from 1 to 6 weeks of age.

3. Weight gains were better with the lower inclusion rates of millet, wheat and maize than with the higher. Food utilisation was better with the higher inclusion rates of millet and sorghum than with the lower.

4. In terms of weight gain millet was significantly better than wheat or sorghum at the lower inclusion rate and better than wheat at the higher inclusion rate. In terms of food conversion millet was significantly better than wheat or maize at either inclusion rate and better than sorghum at the lower inclusion rate.

5. At the lower inclusion rate the cereals ranked millet > maize > wheat > sorghum for efficiency of energy deposition and millet > wheat > maize > sorghum for efficiency of protein deposition. At the higher inclusion rate for both efficiencies of energy and protein deposition, the cereals ranked millet > sorghum > maize > wheat.     

饲粮中小麦比例与复合酶添加量对肉鸭生产性能的影响

小麦具有营养价值高、制粒品质好、易于储存和价格偏低的优点,但因含有抗营养因子可溶性非淀粉多糖(SNSP) ,限制了其在配合饲料中的用量(Choct,1 990 ;Bedford ,1 995、1 999;Hew -Lap -Im ,1 999;Krzysztof,1 999)。复合酶制剂在畜禽饲料中的应用,为解决小麦等日粮中的抗营养因子提供了有效途径,但对鸭的研究仅局限在单因素的对照试验。本试验选用含纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶的复合酶与日粮中含小麦比例两因素,采用2×3试验设计,探讨小麦与复合酶的互作对肉鸭生产性能的影响。1　材料与方法1 1　试验日粮　本试验根据…     

Evaluation of xylanase in low-energy broiler diets

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a thermo-tolerant xylanase in low-energy broiler diets on performance and processing parameters. Evaluation criteria included average broiler BW, FCR, livability, carcass yield, and fat pad yields. The experimental design consisted of 3 nutrient profiles: positive control, negative control 1 (−66 kcal/kg), and negative control 2 (−132 kcal/kg). Two xylanase inclusion programs were included in the negative control 1 and 2 diets; 60 g/t was included in the starter and grower diets with either 60 or 100 g/t in the finisher and withdrawal diets, yielding a total of 7 treatment groups with 8 replicate pens per treatment each containing 42-d-old straight-run chicks per treatment (2,352 total broilers). Broilers were reared in floor pens through 45 d of age. The dietary program consisted of 5 dietary phases: starter (1–15 d), grower 1 (16–23 d), grower 2 (24–31 d), finisher (32–38 d), and withdrawal (39–45 d). Body weights and feed consumption were determined on days of dietary changes, including d 15, 23, 31, 38, and 45. On d 45, 4 male and 4 female broilers per replicate (448 total) were subjected to an 8-h feed withdrawal period and processed to obtain carcass and fat pad weights. Reducing the dietary energy level increased FCR and decreased the fat pad weight of broilers in the negative control 2 treatment compared with the positive control. Inclusion of xylanase during the starter phase increased d 15 BW and reduced FCR. The inclusion of xylanase continued to reduce FCR throughout the trial, as compared with diets without xylanase inclusion. Within this study, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of xylanase inclusion in reduced-energy diets (−66 and −132 kcal/kg) to improve FCR of broilers to that of broilers fed energy-adequate diets.     

Guar meal in diets for broiler chickens

1. In two experiments each involving 2 000 Ross 1 broiler chickens in floor pens from 0 to 56 d of age, the effects of including guar meal at 50, 100 or 150 g/kg of the diet were investigated.

2. During the 0 to 28‐d period diets containing 50 or 100 g guar meal/kg supported only 85 and 69%, respectively, of the growth supported by the control diet, whereas during 28 to 56 d, birds fed on diets containing 100 or 150 g guar meal/kg gained 90 and 86% of the weight gained by control birds.

3. Neither toasting the meal, steam pelleting diets containing the meal nor supplementing these diets with 5 g methionine/kg had any appreciable effect on performance.

4. Addition of either of two enzyme preparations, MKC hemicellulase or betaganase M, improved growth; birds receiving 100 or 150 g guar meal/kg gaining 96 and 89%, respectively, of the weight gained by control birds from 28 to 56 d of age.     

肉鸡日粮的适宜氨基酸水平

<正>随着人们对肉鸡胸肌及其相关增值产品需求量的增加,肉鸡行业迅猛发展。与以前相比,肉鸡达到上市体重所需的时间更短。Fancher等[1]报道,过去十年,通过几家主要遗传育种公司的基因改良,肉鸡单位增重的耗料量更低。因此,为充分发挥生产性能,现代肉鸡对日粮氨基酸的需要量有所增加。在美国,日粮中氨基酸的增补有两个不同的营养策略:一是成本最低化导向的低氨基酸浓度;二是胸肌产量最大化导向的高氨基酸浓度。