基于主成分分析和人工神经网络的稻穗健康状态的高光谱识别

水稻生长后期穗部遭受病虫危害会严重影响水稻产量,对不同健康状态的稻穗进行精准识别是采取病虫害防控措施和危害评估的依据。研究测定了健康稻穗、轻度、中度和重度危害稻穗及白穗的室内高光谱反射率,并着重分析了不同健康状态稻穗的原始光谱、对数光谱、一阶和二阶微分光谱特征。利用主成分分析方法获取了前述多种变换光谱的主分量,并以其为输入向量,利用学习矢量量化神经网络对多种健康状态稻穗进行分类。结果显示：原始光谱、对数光谱、一阶和二阶微分光谱的总体分类精度分别为75.3%, 74.7%, 91.6%和100%,Kappa系数分别为0.689, 0.682, 0.895和1.000。研究表明,运用高光谱遥感技术对稻穗健康状态进行识别是切实可行的。     

Early detection of Fusarium infection in wheat using hyper-spectral imaging

Infections of wheat, rye, oat and barley by Fusarium ssp. are serious problems worldwide due to the mycotoxins, potentially produced by the fungi. In 2005, limit values were issued by the EU commission to avoid health risks by mycotoxins, both for humans and animals. This increased the need to develop tools for early detection of infections. Occurrence of Fusarium-caused head blight disease can be detected by spectral analysis (400-1000 nm) before harvest. With this information, farmers could recognize Fusarium contaminations. They could, therefore, harvest the grains separately and supply it to other utilizations, if applicable. In the present study, wheat plants were analyzed using a hyper-spectral imaging system under laboratory conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to differentiate spectra of diseased and healthy ear tissues in the wavelength ranges of 500-533 nm, 560-675 nm, 682-733 nm and 927-931 nm, respectively. Head blight could be successfully recognized during the development stages (BBCH-stages) 71-85. However, the best time for disease determination was at the beginning of medium milk stage (BBCH 75). Just after start of flowering (BBCH 65) and, again, in the fully ripe stage (BBCH 89), distinction by spectral analysis is impossible. With the imaging analysis method ‘Spectral Angle Mapper’ (SAM) the degree of disease was correctly classified (87%) considering an error of visual rating of 10%. However, SAM is time-consuming. It involves both the analysis of all spectral bands and the setup of reference spectra for classification. The application of specific spectral sub-ranges is a very promising alternative. The derived head blight index (HBI), which uses spectral differences in the ranges of 665-675 nm and 550-560 nm, can be a suitable outdoor classification method for the recognition of head blight. In these experiments, mean hit rates were 67% during the whole study period (BBCH 65-89). However, if only the optimal classification time is considered, the accuracy of detection can be largely increased.