Study and application of non destructive methods used to determine quality of fruit and vegetables

在分析水果和蔬菜品质评估和控制的常规方法的基础上 ,分析研究了水果蔬菜的无损品质检测的新技术和方法 ,主要的技术有碰撞试验法、音频和声波振动法、X射线法、核磁共振法、图像分析法及激光技术等 研究了采用这些方法进行水果和蔬菜多种品质指标的无损检测新方法 ,为水果蔬菜的快速无损检测提供了方法和依据     

水果蔬菜品质的无损检测方法的研究与应用

在分析水果和蔬菜品质评估和控制的常规方法的基础上,分析研究了水果蔬菜的无损品质检测的新技术和方法,主要的技术有碰撞试验法、音频和声波振动法、X射线法、核磁共振法、图像分析法及激光技术等.研究了采用这些方法进行水果和蔬菜多种品质指标的无损检测新方法,为水果蔬菜的快速无损检测提供了方法和依据.     

Sensing technologies for precision specialty crop production

With the advances in electronic and information technologies, various sensing systems have been developed for specialty crop production around the world. Accurate information concerning the spatial variability within fields is very important for precision farming of specialty crops. However, this variability is affected by a variety of factors, including crop yield, soil properties and nutrients, crop nutrients, crop canopy volume and biomass, water content, and pest conditions (disease, weeds, and insects). These factors can be measured using diverse types of sensors and instruments such as field-based electronic sensors, spectroradiometers, machine vision, airborne multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing, satellite imagery, thermal imaging, RFID, and machine olfaction system, among others. Sensing techniques for crop biomass detection, weed detection, soil properties and nutrients are most advanced and can provide the data required for site specific management. On the other hand, sensing techniques for diseases detection and characterization, as well as crop water status, are based on more complex interaction between plant and sensor, making them more difficult to implement in the field scale and more complex to interpret. This paper presents a review of these sensing technologies and discusses how they are used for precision agriculture and crop management, especially for specialty crops. Some of the challenges and considerations on the use of these sensors and technologies for specialty crop production are also discussed.     

食品中农药残留样品前处理技术研究进展

在农作物病虫害防治领域农药被广泛应用,对生物机体机能有较为严重的毒害作用。建立快速、灵敏、有效的农药残留的检测技术,成为当前研究者热衷关注的课题。重点对近年来国内外农药残留样品前处理技术,农药残留的提取与分离新技术方法,进行综述。     

食品中农药残留样品前处理技术研究进展

在农作物病虫害防治领域农药被广泛应用,对生物机体机能有较为严重的毒害作用。建立快速、灵敏、有效的农药残留的检测技术,成为当前研究者热衷关注的课题。重点对近年来国内外农药残留样品前处理技术,农药残留的提取与分离新技术方法,进行综述。     

生物有机肥在果蔬上的应用研究述评

【目的】系统总结前人有关生物有机肥在果蔬上应用研究结果,为果蔬生产上有效推广生物有机肥提供参考。【方法】着重就生物有机肥在果蔬生产上的应用效果与施用方法进行综述,并对存在问题进行分析探讨。【结果】施用生物有机肥对于促进果蔬生长、提高产量、改进品质、防治病虫害、增加经济效益具有明显的作用。【建议】针对生物有机肥在推广应用中存在的问题,提出规范产品名称、加强基础研究、科学评价肥效、加强产品宣传与政策扶持力度等建议和生物有机肥的今后发展趋势。     

我国果蔬生产机械与装备技术发展综述

综述了我国果蔬生产机械和装备近十年来的发展,主要表现在收获、施药喷雾、嫁接机械和检测控制等技术和装备的发展与改进方面,但我国果蔬产量的增加大都仍是依靠手工劳作,沿着传统的农业生产模式和增长方式进行,新设备、新技术的应用推广相对滞后,若要进一步扩大果蔬产能,必须在这方面加强力度。     

外来入侵害虫棕榈蓟马的研究进展

棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi Kamy)属于个体微小但繁殖力强的外来入侵害虫,主要以直接取食、产卵和间接传播植物病毒的形式对寄主植物产生危害.目前已发现棕榈蓟马分布于我国13个省份,危害多种作物,导致作物生长缓慢、瓜果畸形,经济损失惨重.笔者从棕榈蓟马形态性状、生态性状、发生危害、抗药性现状和综合防治技术五个方面...     

快速检测技术在果蔬食品安全控制上的研究应用进展

介绍了目前我国果蔬类食品中存在的主要食品安全问题,综述了化学比色、酶抑制技术、生物传感器、免疫学、分子生物学、生物芯片、ATP生物发光等食品安全快速检测技术在果蔬食品安全控制上的研究应用现状及发展趋势。     

A review of recent sensing technologies to detect invertebrates on crops

Precision agriculture needs integrated pest management (IPM), for which detection and identification of target invertebrate species is a prerequisite. Researchers have been developing various technologies to detect pests more efficiently and accurately. However, these existing sensing technologies still have limitations for effective infield applications. This review paper aims to explore the relative technologies and find a sensing method that has potential to detect and identify common invertebrates on crops, such as butterflies, locusts, snails and slugs. It was found that there are two main research branches for invertebrate detection and identification: acoustic sensing and machine vision system (MVS). Acoustic sensing is suitable for detecting and identifying pests in soil, stored grains and wood, while usually acoustic sensors need to be attached to samples for inspection, which causes difficulties for efficient infield applications. MVS has the potential to provide a more effective and flexible way to detect and identify invertebrates on crops. In recent work with MVS, the technologies of invertebrate identification have been intensively studied, however, infield detection is relatively weak. This review points out the current research gaps and then discusses the potential research directions.     

Farm and Operator Characteristics Affecting the Awareness and Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technologies in the US

Precision agriculture (PA) technologies have been commercially available since the early 1990s. However, not only has the pace of adoption in the US been relatively modest but a surprisingly large number of producers are not familiar with these technologies. Using farm level survey data, this study quantifies the role that awareness plays in the decision to adopt PA technology and allows us to explore the potential for public or private information programs to affect the diffusion of PA. PA adoption and awareness are modeled as jointly determined dichotomous variables and their determinants are estimated using a two-stage (i.e. instrumental variable) logistic specification. The first-stage logit model indicated that operator education and computer literacy, full-time farming, and farm size positively affected the probability of PA awareness while the effect of age was negative. Grain and oilseed farms (i.e. corn, soybean, and small grains) and specialty crop farms (i.e. fruits, vegetables, and nuts) as well as farms located in the Heartland and Northern Great Plains regions were most likely to be aware of PA technologies. The second-stage PA adoption logit model, which included an instrumental variable to account for the endogeneity of awareness, revealed that farm size, full-time farming, and computer literacy positively influenced the likelihood of PA adoption. Grain and oilseed farms were the most likely types of farms to adopt PA as were farms in the Heartland region. Awareness, as defined in this study, was not found to be limiting the adoption of PA, suggesting that farmers for whom the technology is profitable are already aware of the technology and that a sector-wide public or private initiative to disseminate PA information would not likely have a major impact on PA diffusion.     

果蔬贮运保鲜技术及其发展

介绍了当前果蔬贮运保鲜技术概况,分析了影响果蔬贮运保鲜质量的因素,并就果蔬保鲜技术的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

果蔬贮藏加湿技术研究现状与发展趋势

果蔬贮藏环境中适当的湿度可以抑制果蔬水分的蒸发,从而减少果蔬的干耗并保持果蔬的鲜脆,延长保鲜周期。在文献检索的基础上,根据不同加湿原理,对现有加湿技术进行分类,分析在果蔬贮藏领域常用加湿装置的工作原理和组成,同时对各种加湿方式的性能进行对比,提出了加湿方式的展望,以促进该技术的发展与应用。     

鲜切果蔬加工品质的影响因素及解决方法

对引起鲜切果蔬质量变化的原因及对其加工贮存过程中的生理生化、微生物及营养变化进行了讨论,并针对鲜切果蔬质量变化的原因,提出控制鲜切果蔬产品质量及延长其货架期的方法。以期能为鲜切果蔬的工业化生产发展提供理论参考。     

电子鼻在果蔬贮藏保鲜中应用的研究进展

果蔬采后变化是一个复杂的生物学过程,涉及成熟、衰老和死亡等多个阶段,导致果蔬内部物质发生一系列生理、生化和微生物变化,从而影响果蔬的品质和风味。气味是果蔬品质和风味的重要指标之一,与果蔬品种、成熟度、新鲜度和采后病害等因素具有密切关系。传统的气味分析方法主要包括仪器分析（如气相色谱 - 质谱联用）和感官分析,但这些方法存在局限性,如气相色谱 - 质谱联用不能全面反映样品的整体风味,且样品前处理复杂、检测耗时长、技术成本高等;而感官分析受主观因素影响较大。电子鼻作为一种模拟生物嗅觉系统的仪器,能够快速、客观和准确地检测和识别气味信号,逐渐成为果蔬贮藏保鲜领域的研究热点。综述电子鼻在果蔬品种与产地鉴定、成熟度判断、新鲜度检测、采后病害监测、果蔬农药残留和品质评价等方面的应用进展,并分析电子鼻在实际应用中面临的挑战和问题,展望果蔬采后精准化检测的未来发展趋势,以及提出了电子鼻向专一化、智能化、实用化方向改进的可能途径,为实现果蔬品质精准化检测提供参考和技术支持。     

基于Web的果蔬病虫害诊治专家系统设计与开发

基于Web的果蔬病虫害诊治专家系统是针对农业生产的需要和用户的需求,以南方主要果树和蔬菜的常见病虫害的诊断识别与防治的智能决策为核心,以沟通、共享为宗旨,以实现果蔬病虫害的诊断、查询及指导防治为目的,将南方主要果树和蔬菜的常见病虫害的知识与防治技术高度集成。通过该系统,用户可以浏览、查询果树和蔬菜病虫害信息、对病虫害进行诊断识别及指导防治。系统的实施对于推广植保知识、指导农户科学防治果蔬病虫害有一定的现实意义。     

果蔬贮藏加湿技术研究现状与发展趋势

果蔬贮藏环境中适当的湿度可以抑制果蔬水分的蒸发,从而减少果蔬的干耗并保持果蔬的鲜脆,延长保鲜周期.在文献检索的基础上,根据不同加湿原理,对现有加湿技术进行分类,分析在果蔬贮藏领域常用加湿装置的工作原理和组成,同时对各种加湿方式的性能进行对比,提出了加湿方式的展望,以促进该技术的发展与应用.     

1-MCP在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用

1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）是一种新型的化学保鲜剂,通过抑制乙烯的产生、阻止乙烯作用的生理过程延缓果蔬的腐败和衰老,从而达到延长果蔬贮藏保鲜期的目的。通过对1-MCP的性质、果蔬贮藏保鲜的作用机理及影响1-MCP保鲜效果的因素进行综述,分析了卜MCP对果蔬采后生理和品质的影响,以及1-MCP在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用前景。     

蔬果中残留农药的生物可给性及其膳食暴露评估研究进展

运用体外模拟方法从生物可给性方面评估污染物的膳食暴露风险已逐渐成为研究热点。膳食摄入是蔬菜水果中的农药残留危害人体健康的最为主要的暴露途径,研究蔬果中农药残留生物可给性对其膳食暴露的作用规律是当前农药残留健康风险分析亟待解决的科学问题。重点综述了基于农药残留分析测定生物可给性及其关键影响因子,介绍了不同营养成分强化下蔬果中农药残留的生物可给性,着重总结了饮食习惯对农药残留生物可给性的影响;在此基础上运用生物可给性评估蔬果中农药残留的膳食暴露评估,并对其研究今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

南通市桑园冬季间作高效模式及综合栽培技术

围绕桑园综合开发利用,开展桑园冬季间作试验示范研究,研发出适合南通地区桑园冬季间作的3 型（产品增收型、桑园培肥型和农牧结合型）4 类（间作蔬菜类、间作草莓类、间作绿肥类和间作牧草类）共20 种主体种植模式;针对确定的主体模式进行适宜品种筛选及更新技术;集成配套桑园冬季间作优质高产、轻简增效和病虫综合防控等关键技术,推进桑园冬季间作标准化管理。根据南通市不同区域生产特点与市场需求,研究并确立了基于盐渍加工类蔬菜、速冻保鲜类蔬菜、超市型鲜品类果蔬、用于畜禽饲草和培肥改土类绿肥5 个目标市场的模式优势区域,旨在对推动南通市蚕桑、蔬菜等主导产业持续高效协调发展,江苏省及长江中下游地区的桑园综合开发利用起到一定的引领作用。