Information services for European pork chains - Closing gaps in information infrastructures

Several global developments (e.g. diminishing production resources, growing demand for bio-energy) and numerous sector-wide crises (e.g. BSE, swine fever, dioxin) have led to a changing attitude of society towards the consequences of the food systems activities for social, economic and environmental issues, captured in the term of sustainability. Consumers in their role as final customers, and as a consequence also enterprises within agri-food supply chains, show increasing interest in the characteristics of food, and in turn, on the availability of related information and guarantees. Enterprises in agri-food supply chains are facing new expectations and are seeking to communicate social, economic and environmental performance of their business to customers within their supply chain and to consumers. New solutions for determination and communication of sustainability are needed for the agri-food sector, covering single aspects of sustainability as well as sustainability in a broader sense, including social, economic and environmental issues. Integrated, computer-based information services, since they are mainly building on existing systems, provide flexible solutions for enterprises to measure and evaluate sustainability of products throughout agri-food supply chains. Gained information on product characteristics might be used for decision support within enterprises as well as for communication of sustainable practices to customers and consumers, resulting in increased competitiveness of enterprises, supply chains and the sector by satisfying customers’ and consumers’ demands for information on the sustainability of a product. The present paper introduces a framework for developing information services for European pork chains using the three selected information domains food safety (representing social sustainability), quality (representing economic sustainability) and global warming potential (representing environmental sustainability). Resulting information models give an aggregated overview on information availability and exchange in European pork chains, additional information demands of possible service users and deficiencies in the existing information infrastructures. The paper supports different stakeholders involved in agri-food production, such as service developers, enterprise decision makers and management consultants, in developing enterprise- and chain-specific solutions which meet customers’ and consumers’ demands by providing appropriate sustainability information and guarantees.     

区块链赋能食品供需网创新追溯模式

为探索当前多主体参与以及多供应链合作的全过程网络化食品追溯的实施路径,从多功能开放型食品供需网的角度开展食品质量追溯研究,提出了区块链赋能食品供需网的创新追溯模式。在探讨区块链与食品供需网的网络结构协同和系统功能协同机制基础上,构建了区块链赋能食品供需网的追溯模式总体框架,并以加工食品为例阐述了模式的具体运作。研究表明,区块链技术的赋能为食品供需网追溯提供了强有力的技术支持和实现手段的支撑,并且该模式更加符合当前食品复杂网络追溯的现状,极大程度上解决了目前食品追溯存在的集中化控制,信息不完整、可信度低等问题,深化多主体、多供应链合作意识,为食品追溯发展提供模式借鉴。     

构建以旅行社为核心的绿色旅游供应链初探

以绿色旅游理念为导向，构建了以旅行社为核心的绿色旅游供应链模型，提出构建绿色旅游供应链的基本要求，并讨论构建绿色旅游供应链的保障措施。     

基于需求视角的农村公共产品供给机制研究——以宁夏回族自治区为例

公共产品的有效供给是推进新农村建设的关键环节,中国农村公共产品的需求增长较快,但供给严重不足且结构失衡、供需脱节的局面严重阻碍了农村社会的正常发展。从需求的视角来探讨如何有效地构建公共产品供给机制,对宁夏农村公共产品的需求态势、供给现状进行了阐述,进而提出了完善需求导向的农村公共产品供求均衡机制的思路及相应的政策建议。     

Design and implementation of an electronic mobile poultry production documentation system

Documentation is a major component of any traceability system where traceability is defined in the ISO Regulation 8402:1994 as the ability to trace the history, application and location of what is under consideration. Traceability systems are record keeping systems designed to track the flow of product or product attributes through the production process or supply chain. All international supply chains are forced to comply with traceability requirements. In this paper, we develop and implement an end-to-end mobile application prototype that traces the poultry production. This application consists of front-end and back-end systems. At the front-end, the worker uses a GPRS enabled handheld device (cell phone, PDA, etc.) to capture information on poultry operations collected at a remote chicken farm and transmit it to a back-end server in the main office. Through customized application the back-end server analyses all information received from the front-end and based on a built-in business process and business rules, intelligently updates various stakeholders of any breach of bio-security measures that requires immediate attention. The proposed system administrators can also access this application via Internet for management decision making. The back-end system consists of web server, defined business application logic and database server.     

煤制油供应链整体优化

随着人们环保意识与政策要求的不断加强以及对石油需求的不断增加,大力发展煤制油技术对保障中国能源安全、调整优化能源结构具有重要意义。以煤制油炼厂为主体,考虑炼厂建设、采购、生产、运输、销售过程及煤炭产地供应与市场需求等相关约束条件,以煤制油炼厂收益最大为目标函数,建立煤制油供应链的混合整数线性规划优化模型,并采用基于分支定界法的大规模数学规划求解器(Gurobi)进行求解。研究成果成功应用于中国某地区煤制油炼厂,对煤制油供应链的建设具有较强的指导意义,一定程度上降低了资源消耗,提升了供应链收益,实现了整个供应链的高效运作。     

时间约束下果蔬产品双渠道供应链的应急协调契约

针对由1个上游供应商和由传统、电子商务两种渠道零售商构成的考虑新鲜度损耗影响的果蔬产品供应链,研究了当突发事件引起市场需求、渠道价格敏感系数以及产品运输情况发生扰动时,对供应链系统的影响,并提出了通过调整零售价格与生产计划,实现供应链优化的方法。     

One tube nested-PCR在SNP基因型分型中的应用

nested–PCR是一种在普通PCR基础上发展起来的专门用于检测单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的技术。结合nested–PCR技术在水稻中检测SNP的研究,以1个水稻香味基因Fgr和3个稻瘟病基因Pi–ta、Pi9、Pigm为例,把nested–PCR的4条引物同时加在一管PCR反应中进行扩增,在其序列内针对SNP位点设计功能标记,用来扩增含有突变位点的DNA片段。通过优化引物浓度梯度和改良反应程序,达到了一步快速检测SNP基因型的目的。     

基于农户视角的“农超对接”模式探讨——以山东“农超对接”为例

"农超对接"是目前我国农产品供应链中的新兴模式,该模式不仅大大降低了农产品的流通成本,而且有效增加了农民收入。农民作为"农超对接"模式下的最大受益主体,往往在与超市对接的过程中产生供求矛盾,从而导致农民在生产技术、产品结构、产品加工和产品配送等多个层面上,呈现出力不从心的局面。基于此,本文以山东"农超对接"为例,考察农民在"农超对接"过程中遇到的问题,并以此为依据,对构建规范、合理的"农超对接"经营模式提出针对性对策与建议。     

供应链管理绩效评价的一种有效评价方法

简要阐述了供应链绩效评价的必要性,构建供应链企业内部、外部及整体绩效评价的框架模型,最后运用模糊综合评价方法从定量的角度对企业绩效评价方法进行研究,并给出评价过程。     

京西百渡休闲度假区休闲农业转型升级路径探讨

在分析度假区休闲农业发展现状的基础上,提出当地休闲农业发展存在着供需矛盾、产品类型缺乏创新和社区参与机制不完善、经营模式单一等问题,进而提出该度假区应以市场为主导,加强供给侧结构性改革,创新休闲农业产品,以及完善社区参与机制和发展多种经营模式的产品升级路径。     

生鲜农产品全渠道供应链模式与实现路径

我国传统的生鲜农产品供应链存在一定的供需矛盾，互联网打破传统的边界限制，但是也带来渠道冲突的问题。在互联网环境下，生鲜农产品全渠道供应链模式通过供应链成员组织协同，促进全渠道整合，实现"人、货、场"三要素的最优化匹配。生鲜农产品全渠道供应链模式的实现路径包括价值发现、价值创造以及价值实现，即基于全渠道融合满足消费者多元化需求，以消费者需求为导向构建关键流程，为消费者提供增值性服务，最终提升生鲜农产品供应链的运行效率。     

供应链视角下的乡村旅游发展模式研究

随着大众旅游时代的兴起,我国乡村旅游已成为旅游发展整体中的重要组成部分。笔者在梳理旅游供应链和乡村旅游发展模式研究动态的基础上,基于供应链视角对乡村旅游发展模式进行了逻辑架构,解析了以乡村旅游资源为核心的乡村旅游基本发展模式、旨在促进乡村居民全面发展的乡村旅游扶贫发展模式、以满足城市居民旅游需求为导向的个性化定制发展模式,从而揭示了我国乡村旅游发展的进程与演进态势。     

基于云技术的大庆果蔬供应链信息系统平台的构建

为解决大庆现有蔬果供应链缺少统一的信息网络平台,农产品供应链节点之间信息不畅通等问题,运用系统方法和云技术,构建了大庆果蔬供应链信息系统平台,实现了农产品的求购、供应、批发、报价和在线支付等功能。通过平台,用户可及时了解大庆果蔬供应链上农产品的种植量、可供上市量、市场需求量等信息,为用户科学决策、合理安排生产提供重要参考依据。     

Scaling-up regional fruit and vegetable distribution: potential for adaptive change in the food system

As demand for locally grown food increases there have been calls to ‘scale-up’ local food production to regionally distribute food and to sell into more mainstream grocery and retail venues where consumers are already shopping. Growing research and practice focusing on how to improve, expand and conceptualize regional distribution systems includes strategies such as value chain development using the Agriculture of the Middle (AOTM) framework. When the Ohio Food Policy Advisory Council asked how they could scale-up the distribution of Ohio fresh fruits and vegetables to Ohioans, we decided to use this practical opportunity to not only provide recommendations to this council, but to simultaneously contribute to the literature on AOTM, value-based and spatially–proximate relationships, and conceptualizations of food system hybridity. We do this while examining an entire sub-sector of the Ohio agricultural economy, namely fruit and vegetables and applying the AOTM framework beyond the farm, namely to distributors and retailers. Through interviews with Ohio retailers and a survey of all fresh fruit and vegetable distributors Ohio we: (1) Describe current distribution systems within the state; (2) Identify firms interested in scaling-up distribution, and; (3) Inform state-level policy efforts by identifying opportunities to better target any state-level policy and program efforts. We demonstrate support for the concept of AOTM applied beyond the farm, for value chain development strategies that can transmit ‘quality’ via spatially proximate supply chains, and support for considering hybrid solutions, such as piggybacking for scaling-up local food systems. This work highlights the role a statewide food policy council can have in facilitating market development and their unique position to provide public sector and institutional support to facilitate meaningful connections in the food system.     

防火林带营造技术的研究

本文通过山区山脚田边果木防火林带营造技术的研究,结果表明:建立主、副防火林带和山脚田边果木防火林带,把森林分割切块,形成闭合的防火网络,是一种易推广、多效益的防火生物工程。能把山火造成损失降到最低限度。     

贯休、齐己与石霜庆诸——禅宗灯史上的一桩公案

研究市场需求和生产成本同时扰动时非线性需求供应链的最优应对策略.首先在稳定条件下提出供应链的收益共享协调合约；生产成本和需求扰动会导致原有的收益共享合约不再协调，提出了供应链在一体化决策时应对双因素同时发生扰动的最优策略；进一步提出了改进的收益共享合约协调分散化决策的供应链系统.最后运用数值实验对模型进行了验证.     

基于证据理论的绿色供应链绩效评价

从业务流程、经济效益、绿色环保和客户服务4个方面分析了评价绿色供应链绩效应考虑的主要因素。建立了绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系,并进一步给出基于证据理论的绿色供应链绩效评价的模型和算法。最后通过实例分析,说明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

重庆市农村土地流转的农户供求意愿研究

以土地流转中的农户供求意愿为切入点,构建农户流转决策的理论模型,解释理论上的重庆土地流转与流转收益和成本间的关系,进而厘定各因素影响农户流转意愿的计量模型,科学把握重庆农户流转意愿与实际差距的内在原因。具体为：①以土地流转中农户的供求意愿为切入点,遵循理论决策-实证绩效-行为机理-区域调控的框架,分析重庆农村土地流转过程中农户的供求意愿及行为作用机理,构建破解影响重庆农村土地流转的区域对策框架,结论可服务于重庆目前及今后的城乡统筹用地的战略需求。②借助参与性农村评估获得的翔实资料,结合多学科耦合,构建适于重庆的农户土地流转供求意愿决策的理论和计量模型,分析土地流转的供求关系和流转效率,与以往研究相比,实现了理论决策分析与计量经济模拟间的统一,避免了单一视角的无针对性的定性分析弱点。但针对这一研究,需要破解2个关键问题：①众多复杂的影响因素使得土地流转的农户供求意愿分析,需借助多分类无序逻辑回归而进行,但怎样识别影响农户土地流转供求意愿的潜在因素,属理论决策方面首先必须破解的难题。②如何厘定农户决策行为及作用机理模型,以分析土地流转中农户的供求意愿绩效,进而为重庆农村土地流转的区域性调控与制度创新提供依据,属实证绩效方面所必须破解的难题。     

基于数据挖掘的水果滞销频发原因及对策分析

在乡村振兴、农业供给侧改革的背景下,我国水果农业生产总体保持较快发展,市场规模不断扩大,供需总体保持平衡,但仍有部分水果例如椪柑、西瓜等存在“丰产不丰收”、供需双方不平衡的现象,产销信息不对称、经营模式落后等问题仍然存在。近五年国内水果滞销现象频频发生,成为热点问题,引发社会舆论广泛关注。本文以2015-2018年中国水果滞销网络数据为基础,分析了滞销原因,并提出了改进策略。