姬松茸生物学特性研究初报

姬松茸是一种美味的药用蘑菇。近年来，我们进行姬松茸的引种栽培研究，本文报道姬松茸子实体的形态特征及菌体培养条件等的一些研究结果。姬松茸菌丝体能利用蔗糖、葡萄糖等作为碳源；但不能利用可溶性淀粉。其中以７％的蔗糖最佳，氮源利用上以硫酸铵（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４最好，其最适浓度为０．３％，硝酸（ＨＨ＿４ＮＯ＿３）次之，但不能利用蛋白胨。姬松茸菌丝生长的温度范围为１０～３７℃，最适温度为２３～２７℃。菌丝体在酸碱度范围为ｐＨ４．５～８．０，最适为ｐＨ６．０～８．０。菌丝体能在料水比为１：１．２～２．２的培养基（含水量为５４．５～６８％）中生长，其中以料水为１：１．４时（含水量为５８．５％）生长最好。     

金针菇WF菌株深层发酵工艺的研究

金针菇ＷＦ（Ｆｌａｍｍｎｌｉｎａｖｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓ）菌株是我们从区内收集和分离的１０个菌株中，经筛选获得的一株适合深层发酵的高产优质菌株。本文报道了适宜发酵培养基，摇瓶发酵条件，结果表明，其适宜发酵培养液，玉米２％，蔗糖２％，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．３％，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１５％，适宜的摇瓶发酵条件为：培养温度２０～２２℃，培养基起始ｐＨ６．０～６．２，摇瓶转速１４０～１６０ｒ／ｍｉｎ，菌丝体干收率３．０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）为工业化生产发酵菌丝体准备了良好的条件。     

猴头菌液体发酵条件的研究

本文报道了猴头菌适宜的液体发酵条件及发酵培养基。结果表明：猴头菌适宜发酵条件为：培养温度２５～２８℃,培养基起始ｐＨ５０～６０,摇瓶装量１００～１２０ｍＬ／５００ｍＬ,振荡频率１５０～１８０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,种子培养时间３～４ｄ,接种量１０％～１５％。适宜的发酵培养基为：小麦粉３％,酵母粉３％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０１％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ００５％,ＶＢ１２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ,ＶＢ２２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ。     

蘑菇麦粒原种制作方法试验

近年来，双孢蘑菇在我国北方发展迅速，双孢蘑菇原种用量很大。为探索蘑菇菌种优质、低成本制作方法，我们进行了不同配制方法的探索，现将结果报道如下：１材料和方法１．１菌种２７９６，本校微生物教研室保存菌种。１．２培养料配方（％）①麦粒９０，发酵料７．５，蔗糖１，石膏０．５，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．５，麦粒煮沸５②麦粒９０，发酵料７．５，麦粒清水浸泡；③麦粒９０，发酵料７．５，麦粒石灰水浸泡；④麦粒９０，菜园土２，麦粒石灰水浸泡；⑤麦粒９０，发酵料４．５，木屑３．０，麦粒石灰水浸泡；⑥麦粒９０，平菇下脚料７．５…     

蝙蝠拟拟青霉菌丝体最适发酵条件研究

试验研究了冬虫夏草蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体的发酵条件,其适宜接种量为２．５％－５．０％最佳菌株为３ｄ,适宜的初始ＰＨ为５．０－７．５,发酵周期５ｄ,发酵过程中对通气量的要求较高。     

营养物质对早熟桃幼胚离体培养成苗的影响

本文研究了培养基中干营养物质对早熟桃幼胚成苗的影响。结果发现：桃胚发育 指数ＰＦＬ值（胚长／种子长）愈小，对所需培养基中铵态氮浓度愈高，蔗糖浓度愈大。　　但培养基加氨基酸化合物后，对幼胚成苗有抑制作用，仅仅可以提高ＰＦＬ值０．２幼胚的　　成苗率。结果表明：ＫＮＯ３１９００毫克／升（以下单位同）、ＮＨ４ＮＯ３８５０、ＭｇＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ　　１８５、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４８５、　ＣａＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ２２０、　ＭＳ培养基的微量元素和有机化合物、蔗　糖　　６％，Ｇｌｎ６８０、ＬＨ５００、Ａｄ４０、ＢＡ２．０、１ＡＡ０．２５，ＮＡＡ０．２５、Ａ．Ｃ．０．０２％、琼　　脂０．６％组合的培养基适合于ＰＦＬ值０．２幼胚成苗，成苗率达９３．８％。要使ＰＦＬ值０．３　　～０．４幼胚成苗达９０％以上，尚要对培养基中大量元素做进一步调整。     

猕猴桃的组织培养和快速繁殖

１ 植物名称 金魁猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａｖａｒ．Ｊｉｎ Ｋｕｉ）２ 材料类别 嫩茎３ 培养条件 培养基：①ＭＳ＋ＺＴＷ．０ｍｓ／Ｌ；②ＭＳ＋ＺＴ１．０ｍｐ／Ｌ；＠ ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；④１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５～０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ。 蔗糖（市售白砂糖）浓度①～③培养基为３．０％，④培养基为 ２．０％；琼脂浓度为 ０．６５％～０．７０％，ｐＨ５．８～６．０，培养温度 ２５～２８℃，每天光照 １３ｈ，光照强度 １５００～２０００ １Ｘ。４ 生长与分化情况４．１ 愈伤…     

灵芝富锗培养研究

本文对灵芝ＴＷ的富锗液体深层培养进行了研究，结果表明：灵芝ＴＷ富锗能力较强，添加１００～３０００ｐｐｍ范围内的Ｇｅ－１３２，在２６℃，１３０ｒｐｍ条件下培养９６小时富集锗的范围为０．４３７ｍｇ／ｇ～７．８２２ｍｇ／ｇ；Ｇｅ－１３２能促进ＴＷ灵芝菌丝体对还原糖的利用并提高菌丝体收率；Ｇｅ－１３２对ＴＷ灵芝发酵的ｐＨ值、发酵周期及蛋白质含量没有影响，发酵终点ｐＨ值为４．５～４．９之间，发酵周期为９６小时，发酵终点蛋白质含量在３１．２％～３５．６％之间。     

多种盐溶液浸种对黄瓜出苗的影响(初报)

黄瓜是喜温性蔬菜，种子的最低发芽温度为１２．７℃，在１１℃以下不发芽。为了探索简便有效的提高低温（１０℃左右）条件下黄瓜种子的出苗率，笔者于１９８９年４月做了用盐溶液处理黄瓜种子的试验。 材料和方法 以栖霞百斤黄瓜（地方品种）种子为试材。用硝酸钾（ＫＮｏ３）、磷酸二氢钾（ＫＨ２ＰＯ４）、硫酸镁（ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ）或其中任何两种盐以１：１的比例混用，各以３％的浓度在１０℃黑暗条件下浸种１～５天，以清水浸种为对照，共设７种处理，每处理用３０粒种子，重复三次，处理后在自来水下冲洗１０分钟，而后播种于…     

气调贮藏不同气体成分对网纹甜瓜品质的影响

研究了在１５℃条件下，不同Ｏ２浓度（２１％、１０％、５％、３％）和不同ＣＯ２浓度（０．２％、５％、１０％１５％）的气体组合贮藏网纹甜瓜对其品质的影响，结果表明：在１５℃条件下网纹甜瓜气调贮藏最佳的气体条件是Ｏ２浓度３％～５％，ＣＯ２浓度０～５％；３％的低Ｏ２对保持网纹甜瓜的硬度具有重要作用。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.