五个草菇品种室内床栽比较试验

笔者在1992年初筛出5个草菇菌株,1993年再次进行了室内床栽品比试验,以期寻找适合我省自然气候条件下栽培的优良品种,现将结果报告如下: 一、材料与方法 (一)供试菌株 V_(2039)引自台湾裕农菇业公司,V浏阳麻菇引自湖南微生物所,V_(18)引自山西农科院食用菌所,v_4本室选育,V_(844)引自广东微生物所。 (二)制种与栽培 母种采用PDA麸皮培养基。原种配方为棉子壳88％,麸皮10％,糖1％,过磷酸钙1％,料水比1:1.2,另加3％的石灰调至pH8.0～8.5。5月22日堆料,配方为棉子壳112.5kg,稻草5.5kg,过磷酸钙2.6kg,多菌灵130g,料水比1:1.2,料堆用塑料薄膜覆盖。5月24日第一次翻堆,加石灰2.6kg,湿度调至65％～70％;26日第二次翻堆;28日     

不同杀菌剂防治轮枝霉的效果

匈牙利农业合作社年产蘑菇250～300万公斤,一般是在远离栽培室的机械化车间堆料和播种,播后装入聚乙烯袋,置于地窖菇房18～20℃下发菌。工周后用磨碎的石灰加泥炭(3∶1)覆土,覆土后3周结菇,再过1～2周就可采菇。采菇期持续30～40天,温度维持在15～16℃,相对湿度90％。由于菇房简陋,杂菌为害严重,尤其是马氏轮枝霉(Verticilliummalthouse)。用福尔马林处理覆上,每平方米喷0.1～0.3％液2升,可防止最初的感染。在现有技术条件下,经处理的培养料每吨可采菇160～170公斤,未经处理的仅100～130公斤。     

大袋小棚栽培平菇技术

用大袋小棚栽培平菇,是根据微孔增氧和菌袋能周身出菇的原理,并结合覆土来夺取高产的一项栽培技术,尤其是在晚秋、早春采用此法更有利于发挥其栽培优势,克服低温对发菌的不利影响,生物转化率稳定在150％以上。现将其具体做法介绍如下: (一)备料发酵 培养料可就地取材,这里介绍两个配方:①棉子皮97％,鼓皮3％,石灰2％,复合肥1％,多菌灵0.1％。②粉碎的玉米芯95％,麸皮5％,尿素0.5％,复合肥2％,多菌灵0.2％。料水比为1:1.4,料充分拌均后即可堆垛发酵,垛高1m、宽1.2m,长度随料多少而定,在堆的上部、两侧及底部打若干个直径为3～5cm的通气孔,最后覆膜、盖草帘进行保湿保温。当料温达65℃时进行翻堆,整个发酵过程要翻堆2～3次。     

北方室内香菇出菇高产技术

传统的香菇生产是在香菇菌袋转色之后上室外菇棚或在畦内覆土栽培出菇,笔者将香菇菌袋放在室内进行出菇管理,省时省钱省力,简单易行,获得高产,现介绍如下：1菌筒制作①拌料装袋：培养料配方为阔叶树粗木屑60％,细木屑18％,麸皮20％,白糖1％,石膏1％。北方2～4月底开始生产,将料拌匀,含水量在60％左右装袋,松紧适度,手指按袋有弹性不下陷。②灭菌接种：将料袋装入蒸锅内料     

防霉剂在平菇生产上的应用

在食用菌生产中,培养料污染杂菌(尤以老菇区)是人们普遍关注的问题。笔者于1995年10月,将防霉剂应用于平菇栽培,效果显著。现把试验结果简报如下: (一)试验材料 ①防霉剂:引自岔北化工厂菌研室;②菌种:沪平3号,杂17,赤平1号;③培养料配方:棉子壳96％,玉米粉2％,磷肥1％,尿素、黄豆粉各0.5％。总投料500kg。 (二)试验方法 按每50kg料加入一包防霉剂,按上述配方拌料,料水比1:1.4～1.5,拌匀后做堆、打孔、覆膜发酵,36小时后10cm以内料温达60～65℃,进行翻堆,以后每12小时翻堆一次,连续翻二次,料呈     

平菇废菌块越夏再出菇高产技术

近年来,平菇生产在我地发展很快,大多数菇农都是用中、低温型品种,冬播春收或春插春收,一般出完三潮菇后很难继续出菇,即使出菇,菇体小、产量低、菇质差。对于春播平菇,夏季来临气温升高,加上害虫和杂菌相应增多,有些菌丝块还没有彻底出菇只好废弃,造成了原料的浪费。为此,我们从1994年夏～1997年夏季,在6个点上连续进行了废菌块越夏后再出菇试验,取得了较好效果。现将其技术介绍如下: 1 菌块的选择及越夏管理 选择无杂菌无虫害的菌块,脱掉塑料袋,置于室内恒温下风干至含水量20％左右,用0.3％的石灰水和0.1％的多菌灵全面喷洒消毒,再搬到灭菌处理过的室内,以“井”字形或“人”字形堆放。室温控制在26～28℃,空气湿度控制在35％～40％,每天需开门窗通风1～2次,每次为2小时,每周需对菌块进行翻堆2～3次,控制堆心温度不得超过30℃,直到越夏结束。 2 二次出菇技术要点 ①室内出菇:我市气温在9月中下旬明显下降,这时废菌块越夏结束,将菌块置清凉水中浸泡2天吸足水分,同时追加2％的葡萄糖和0.1％的过磷酸钙营养液。然后转入菇房覆膜出菇管     

更正

传统的香菇生产是在香菇菌袋转色之后上室外菇棚或在畦内覆土栽培出菇，笔者将香菇菌袋放在室内进行出菇管理，省时省钱省力，简单易行，获得高产，现介绍如下：1菌简制作①拌料装袋：培养料配方为阔叶树粗木屑60％，细木屑18％，麸皮20％，白糖1％，石膏1％。北方2～4月底开始生产，将料拌匀，含水量在60％左右装袋，松紧适度，手指按袋有弹性不下陷。②灭菌接种：将料袋装入蒸锅内料温升至100℃维持12～15h，灭菌结束后闷12h。料温降至70℃出锅，将菌袋运到接种室内冷却至30℃时在晴天清晨或傍晚抢温接种，     

用多种措施促金针菇转潮

1清理料面采收后及时清除料面残留的菇脚和小菇，剔除老菌丝搔菌。 2调整含水量袋栽金针菇培养料含水量保持在65％～70％。有利于菌丝正常生长和顺利转潮。培养料较干时每袋补清水50～100mL，2～4h后倒出多余的水分。     

隧道发菌对双孢蘑菇菌丝生长及培养料降解的影响

以传统菇房发菌料为对照,从菌丝生长及培养料降解角度研究了隧道发菌对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)栽培的影响.结果表明:隧道发菌料的菌丝生长速度比菇房发菌料快13.6％,基因拷贝数是菇房发菌料的3.7倍;在菌丝生长阶段,隧道发菌料中的蛋白酶、漆酶、锰过氧化物酶、滤纸酶、酸性木聚糖酶活性显著提高,是菇房发菌...     

杏鲍菇菌糠栽培秀珍菇配方试验

把杏鲍菇菌糠、杂木屑、麸皮、糖、石膏和石灰按不同比例组合,用于秀珍菇栽培,研究适合堆料发酵和提高产量的最优配比。试验结果表明,培养基质中添加杏鲍菇菌糠,秀珍菇长势均良好,菌糠废料得到充分利用,具有菌丝生长快、产量高、成本低等优点,其中,在栽培料中加入30%杏鲍菇菌糠的效果较好,效益较不添加菌糠增加8.6%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.