铜锤玉带草的组织培养与植株再生

以MS作为基础培养基,对铜锤玉带草的叶片、芽和茎段3种不同外植体进行了愈伤组织诱导、丛生芽和根分化的研究。结果表明:以芽作为外植体诱导愈伤组织和丛生芽的效果最好,茎段次之,叶片最低。激素配比以MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L诱导愈伤组织的效果最好;MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L诱导丛生芽的效果最好;MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L为诱导生根的效果最佳。     

高品质甜叶菊品系“1096”的组培快繁

采用改良DNS等方法筛选出的生长快、糖苷含量高的甜叶菊品系＂1096＂为材料,研究了不同外植体、不同激素种类和配比对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明：以茎尖为外植体愈伤组织和不定芽诱导率均最高;其次是带腋芽茎段;再次为叶片。无腋芽茎段和无菌根均能诱导出愈伤组织,但不能诱导成芽。茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0mg/L;叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0mg/L＋IAA 1.0mg/L;带腋芽茎段不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.5mg/L。不定芽继代增殖培养采用MS＋6-BA 0.5mg/L＋NAA0.05mg/L;在1/4MS＋IBA 0.1mg/L＋NAA 0.1mg/L＋1g/L活性炭的培养基上诱导生根,生根率可达100%,生根苗移栽后成活率达95%。     

基于番茄‘208’的离体培养技术研究

试验以6-BA、KTI、AA、NAA等不同的细胞分裂素、生长激素对番茄外植体的愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织分化、外植体直接诱导不定芽及芽增殖的影响进行研究。结果表明:用茎段或子叶做外植体,愈伤组织诱导和分化最佳配方均为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L;子叶茎段直接产生不定芽的最佳配方为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IAA 0.2~0.5 mg/L。     

魔芋茎尖组织培养及快速繁殖技术研究

以魔芋茎尖为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、芽分化及植株再生的研究。研究结果表明,最佳茎尖剥取材料是无菌试管苗。刚剥离的茎尖需要预培养30d,然后将膨大的茎尖四周给予伤口后再转接到MS 6-BA 0.6 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L上进行愈伤组织诱导;芽分化最适培养基是MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L;切割后的芽在生根培养基1/2 MS NAA 0.1 mg/L上能100%形成完整植株。     

魔芋茎尖组织培养及快速繁殖技术研究

以魔芋茎尖为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、芽分化及植株再生的研究.研究结果表明,最佳茎尖剥取材料是无菌试管苗.刚剥离的茎尖需要预培养30 d,然后将膨大的茎尖四周给予伤口后再转接到MS 6-BA 0.6 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L上进行愈伤组织诱导;芽分化最适培养基是MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L;切割后的芽在生根培养基1/2 MS NAA 0.1 mg/L上能100%形成完整植株.     

水晶葡萄茎尖组织培养研究

以水晶葡萄的茎尖为外植体,对消毒时间、愈伤组织诱导、不定芽和不定根诱导进行研究。结果表明:对茎尖用0.1%HgCl2消毒,最佳时间为6分钟;诱导愈伤组织的最适培养基是1/2 MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+IBA0.03 mg/L+GA0.2 mg/L;诱导不定芽的最佳培养基为l/2 MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+IBA0.03 mg/L+GA 0.2 mg/L;诱导不定根的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L。     

木立芦荟的组织培养及快速繁殖

以木立芦荟的叶片、叶鞘和带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行试管培养,结果表明,叶鞘和茎段可诱导形成愈伤组织,腋芽直接萌生。经试验筛选出各培养阶段最适宜的培养基为：（1）愈伤组织诱导,MS＋6－BA2。5mg/L NAA0.15mg/L;（2）腋芽萌生,MS＋6－BA2.0mg/L NAA0.15mg/L;（3）丛生芽分化及继代,MS＋6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.10mg/L;(4)生根,MS 6-BA0.3-0.5mg/L IBA0.2mg/L＋活性羰0.5%。     

一品红的组织培养研究

以一品红腋芽、顶芽、茎段、嫩叶为初次诱导外植体,对一品红的组织培养途径进行研究,建立了一品红植株再生体系.结果表明:组织培养的取材部位为腋芽、顶芽和茎段.诱导愈伤组织外植体为茎段,培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L.诱导丛生芽的外植体为腋芽、顶芽和愈伤组织,培养基配方为腋芽、顶芽:MS+6-BA 0.6mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L;愈伤组织:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L.丛生芽继代增殖的培养基配方为MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L.生根培养基配方1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L.     

墨红玫瑰的组织培养研究

以墨红玫瑰茎段为外植体进行组织快繁的研究,成功建立了快速无性繁殖体系。茎段愈伤组织诱导培养基MS+NAA0.1mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L+KT1.0mg/L为最好。芽继代增殖的最佳培养基为MS+BA2.5mg/L+NAA0.05 mg/L。KT对芽的增殖效果不如BA。生根培养基为:MS+IAA1.5 mg/L+KT 0.3mg/L生根率达94.11%,平均生根数为4.23。     

瑞特姆油葵再生体系的建立

以瑞特姆油葵无菌苗的茎尖、下胚轴、子叶、真叶为外植体,1/2MS培养基为基本培养基,研究不同激素水平对油葵愈伤组织形成和芽再生及生根的影响。结果表明:KT激素诱导的愈伤组织多为蓬松的绿色,芽再生率相对较高;外植体中破坏生长点的茎尖再生率最高;诱导芽的最佳配方为:MS+KT0.5 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,芽分化率可达75%;理想的生根培养基的配方为:1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg/L,生根率达到80%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.