松嫩草甸水淹恢复演替过程中羊草和寸草苔无性系种群的相互动态

羊草和寸草苔均是典型的无性系植物.在松嫩平原水淹恢复演替过程中,从5个大小不同的羊草无性系斑块的中心至外围,羊草分蘖株的数量和生物量均逐圈层减少,寸草苔则逐圈层增加.羊草平均单株生产力有逐圈层减弱,寸草苔则逐圈层增强的趋势.从半径0.5～5.0 m无性系斑块中心的羊草分蘖株数量逐渐增加,寸草苔则逐渐减少,呈现出羊草定居时间越长,斑块中心羊草分蘖株的数量越多,寸草苔则越少的趋势.随着水淹恢复演替的进程,羊草正在并将最终取代寸草苔而成为草甸群落的优势种.     

过度放牧对羊草杂类草群落种的构成和现存生物量的影响

主要分析了典型草原区的羊草Leymus chinensis杂类草草甸草原的土壤及植物群落随放牧强度梯度的变化,结果表明,随放牧压力的增大,表层土壤密度显著性增加,而表层土壤水分变化不明显。重度放牧区地上现存生物量高于中度放牧区,低于轻度放牧区。轻度放牧区的现存生物量与中度放牧区和重度放牧区,存在极显著性差异（P＜0.01）。其演替序列为：羊草草原+杂类草→羊草+糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa+寸草苔Carex duriuscula→糙隐子草+大针茅Stipa grandis+米氏冰草Agropyron michhnoi→糙隐子草+星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis+冷蒿Artemisia frigida。因此,退化草原的植物组成取决于利用方式和强度,同时受生境条件的制约。其典型草原区的羊草杂类草草甸草原的演替序列介于典型草原与草甸草原两者之间。     

草甸草原天然打草场植物群落对刈割干扰的响应

为了研究刈割干扰下天然打草场植物群落呈现出的消长状态,试验对呼伦贝尔草甸草原天然打草场不同植物群落物种组成、数量特征、物种多样性、生物量等指标进行了定量分析。结果表明:在刈割干扰下,羊草+杂草类群落中物种总数略低于贝加尔针茅+羊草群落;羊草+杂类草群落的密度和盖度均显著高于贝加尔针茅+羊草群落(P0.05);羊草+杂类草群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于贝加尔针茅+羊草群落(P0.05);羊草+杂类草群落的现存量和枯落物量均显著高于贝加尔针茅+羊草群落(P0.05)。说明刈割干扰对羊草+杂类草群落的影响小于对贝加尔针茅+羊草群落的影响。     

不同利用方式对东北羊草草地土壤微生物数量的影响

不同利用方式下(刈割和放牧),比较了羊草(Leymus chinensis)草地土壤微生物多样性(真菌、细菌和放线菌)及群落结构的数量变化。结果表明:土壤微生物的数量在不同利用方式下表现为:刈割草地>放牧草地,在不同植物群落中表现为:羊草群落>杂类草群落>碱茅(Puccinellia distans)群落。无论在刈割还是放牧区,真菌的分布为:羊草群落>杂类草群落>碱茅群落;细菌的分布为:杂类草群落>羊草群落>碱茅群落;放线菌为:羊草群落>杂类草群落>碱茅群落。土壤微生物随土层垂直递减分布,在土层0~15 cm土壤微生物分布最多。3类微生物中,细菌数量最大, 放线菌次之, 真菌最小。相关性分析表明,只在刈割方式下羊草群落(sp1)和碱茅群落(sp2)土壤的微生物数量与地上生物量显著相关(P<0.05),其余相关性均不显著。     

谈吉林省姜家旬草场植被恢复

吉林省姜家甸草场是松嫩草原中最优良的草场之一，具有草质优良、产草量高、毒害草少的特点。羊草Anerolpidium chinense群落是该草场最具代表性的群落，多年来，由于自然和人为因素的影响，部分羊草群落退化演替为羊草-糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa群落、羊草-碱蒿Artemisia anethifolia群落、羊草．寸草苔Carex duiuscula群落、羊草-虎尾草Carex duiuscula群落、羊草．星星草Puccinellia tenuiflora群落、碱蓬Suaedaglauca群落、角碱蓬Suaeda comiculata群落等群落类型。封育、松土、施肥、补播建立半人工草地，退耕还草建立高产人工草地，种植星星草、虎尾草耐盐碱牧草是恢复草场植被的主要措施。     

吉林省姜家甸草地植被退化现状与恢复途径

吉林省姜家甸草地是松嫩草原中最优良的草地之一,具有草质优良、产草量高、毒害草少的特点.羊草Anerolpidium chinense群落是该草地最具代表性的群落,多年来,由于自然和人为因素的影响,部分羊草单优群落退化演替为羊草-糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa群落、羊草-碱蒿Artemisia anethifolia群落、羊草-寸草苔Carex duiuscula群落、羊草-虎尾草Carex duiuscula群落、羊草-星星草Puccinellia tenuiflora群落、碱篷Suaeda glauca群落、角碱蓬Suaeda corniculata群落等群落类型.封育、松土、施肥、补播,建立半人工草地,建立高产人工草地,种植星星草、虎尾草等耐盐碱牧草是恢复草地植被的主要措施.     

放牧对草甸草原土壤水热状况和地上生物量的影响

本文以呼伦贝尔草甸草原为对象,研究了不同放牧强度对草原群落土壤水热状况和地上生物量的影响,旨在揭示二者之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,随着放牧强度的增加,生长季平均土壤温度呈逐渐上升的趋势;放牧对群落3个组份[羊草（Leymus chinensis）、贝加尔针茅（Stipa baicalensis）、杂类草]生物量和相对优势度产生影响。其中,羊草地上生物量和优势度随着放牧强度的增加显著线性降低,而贝加尔针茅和杂类草的生物量与优势度均在中度放牧处理下最高。土壤含水量与羊草生物量显著正相关,与杂类草生物量负相关,而与贝加尔针茅生物量间的关系极弱。本研究为完善放牧优化理论,揭示放牧在草地生态系统功能过程中的梯度效应提供了一个较为重要的研究线索,为草地放牧优化管理制度的确立提供了一定的科学依据。     

谈吉林省姜家甸草场植被恢复

吉林省姜家甸草场是松嫩草原中最优良的草场之一,具有草质优良、产草量高、毒害草少的特点。羊草群落是该草场最具代表性的群落,多年来,由于自然和人为因素的影响,部分羊草群落退化演替为羊草-糙隐子草群落、羊草-碱蒿群落、羊草-寸草苔群落、羊草-虎尾草群落、羊草-星星草群落、碱蓬群落、角碱蓬群落等群落类型。封育、松土、施肥、补播建立半人工草地,退耕还草建立高产人工草地,种植星星草、虎尾草耐盐碱牧草是恢复草场植被的主要措施。     

刈割制度对围封羊草草地群落特征及生物量的影响

以呼伦贝尔草甸草原围封羊草(Leymus chinensis)草地群落为研究对象,对不同刈割制度(连续刈割、隔年刈割)对围封羊草草地的影响进行分析。结果表明,在刈割干扰下,植被群落盖度和地上生物量都会显著降低(P0.05)。隔年刈割和连续刈割两种制度相比,在植被群落数量特征及生物量上,隔年刈割要优于连续刈割,植被群落的平均高度、盖度等数量特征及地上生物量均表现出随着刈割频次的增加而降低的趋势。植被群落的α-多样性在封育下最低,表现出随刈割频次的增加而变大的趋势。在不同刈割方式下,植被群落组成发生了变化且群落中各物种的重要值变化幅度很大,建群种羊草的重要值在连续刈割下低于隔年刈割,而寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)重要值在连续刈割下最大,且群落中其它伴生种的重要值也随刈割频次增加而降低。     

沙质草地、高平原草地牧草总糖与还原糖含量变化

研究了沙质草地与高平原草地六种牧草的总糖含量与还原糖含量变化情况.结果表明:沙质草地与高平原草地供试牧草的总糖含量变化(除糙隐子草外)和还原糖含量变化不同;除羊草和寸草苔外,其余几种牧草的还原糖含量都是高平原草地高于沙质草地.     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍。对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述。     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍.对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述.     

论宋代对《史记》中管仲形象的接受

宋代,对士大夫来说这一可遇而不可求的特殊历史时期,成就了他们独特的人格结构和精神世界。他们对历史人物的看法尤异于前人,其中对管仲形象的接受就发生了颠覆性的变化。而宋人重新解读管仲的立足点也是宋代《史记》评论中普遍倾向的批评视角。     

Veterinary pathology in Europe in the light of the congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the last decade

This paper presents the main trends in the activity of European veterinary pathologists in the context of their oral presentations (plenary lectures and short presentations) and posters provided during annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP), in the decade 1997-2006. It was found that the issue that was most often brought up in the meetings was organ pathology (566 presentations). Infectious and parasitical diseases were only slightly less frequent (548 presentations). Oncology was another common issue (404 presentations). During this decade, 52 plenary lectures were presented, 765 oral presentations and 1 072 posters. Altogether, 1 889 presentations were made, which is between 127 and 238 per year. Research by Polish scientists accounted for 3.16% of all presentations. Additionally, the subject matter discussed at the annual meetings is analysed, and the trends in the development of veterinary diagnostic pathology and broad pathology education are indicated. It is shown that veterinary pathology enhances knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine by fulfilling a cognitive and diagnostic role.     

Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody test in the dog

To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs, the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2 patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.     

Physiological Changes in the Concentrations of Biotin in the Serum and Milk and in the Physical Properties of the Claw Horn in Holstein Cows

Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn were examined in Holstein cows. A lower concentration of biotin in the serum and a higher concentration of biotin in milk were found during early and late lactation and during the dry period, and a significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation was found between serum and milk biotin concentrations. A high moisture content and a low level of hardness of the claw horn were found during mid-lactation. Our results indicate that change in the serum biotin concentration probably results from the loss of biotin in the milk of cows during each stage of lactation and also confirm that the moisture content and hardness of the claw horn undergo physiological changes.     

Disturbance in the growth of the radius in dogs

In a 4-year period nine dogs have been met in which there was incomplete growth of the radius. The condition was unilateral in eight dogs and bilateral in one. Two were littermates. The defect is due to premature cessation of growth of the distal growth plate of the radius but the cause of this is not precisely known. It is recognized by characteristic radiographic changes in radius length, elbow joint space and premature closure of the distal growth plate of the radius. A method of surgical treatment has been devised and has proved beneficial in five dogs. Zusammenfassung. In einer Vierjahresperiode wurden neun Hunde beobachtet, bei denen ein unvollständiges Wachstum des Radius vorlag. Bei acht Hunden war der Zustand nur auf einer Seite zu finden, bei einem Hund auf beiden Seiten. Zwei der Hunde gehörten zum gleichen Wurf. Der Mangel ist auf verfrühte Wachstumseinstellung der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius zurückzuführen, jedoch ist die Ursache davon nicht genau bekannt. Er wird an charakteristischen radiographischen Veränderungen der Radiuslänge, des Ellbogengelenkzwischenraums und vorzeitigem Abschluss der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius erkannt. Es wurde eine chirurgische Behandlungsmethode entwickelt, die sich bei fünf Hunden als nutzlich erwies. Résumé. Au cows d'une période de 4 ans on a observé 9 cas de croissance incomplète du radius chez des chiens; l'anomalie était unilatérale dans 8 cas et bilatérale dans un cas; deux chiens appartenaient à la même portée. L'anomalie est due à l'arrêt prématuré de croissance de la plaque de croissance distale du radius, mais la cause n'en est pas encore connue d'une manière précise. Le diagnostic se fait par les signes radiologiques caractéristiques, modifications de la longueur du radius, de l'articulation du coude et soudure prématurée de la plaque de croissance du radius. On a élaboré une méthode de traitement chirurgical, qui s'est montrée favorable chez 5 chiens.     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.