QTL Analysis of the Oil Content and the Hull Content in Brassica napus L.

The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. By constructing the linkage map. The F26 RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping (CIM) to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. Has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.     

Analysis of Genetic Effects for Heterosis of Erucic Acid and Glucosinolate Contents in Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）

The embryo,cytoplasmic,and maternal heterosis for erucic acid content (EAC) and glucosinolate content (GLS) of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were studied by using the genetic models for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid crops.Eight parents were included in a diallel mating design in two years.It was found that the heterosis of EAC and GLS was simultaneously controlled by genetic main effects and genotype×environment (GE) interaction effects.The general heterosis of most crosses for EAC was significantly positive,while it was not for GLS.The general heterosis was more important for two quality traits of rapeseed because of the low GE interaction heterosis in both years,especially for GLS.Among different genetic systems,significant positive embryo general heterosis and the negative maternal general heterosis were found for EAC and GLS in most hybrid crosses.Some hybrids with significant negative interaction heterosis were detected for either of EAC or GLS.In general,maternal general and interaction heterosis was more important for reducing EAC and GLS of rapeseed.     

上海地区甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品质育种的探讨

采用品种间杂交、回交和复交方法,经过田间农艺性状的选择和实验室品质分析,有效地协调了油菜品质育种过程中高产和优质、抗病性和优质的矛盾,育成高产、熟期适宜和较抗（耐）油菜菌核病和芜菁花叶病毒（ＴｕＭＶ）病的低芥酸含量分别为０．２０％和０．２１％;有益于人体健康的亚油酸含量分别为２５．９６％和２４．４２％;油酸含量分别为５６．９６％和５８．９９％。其菜籽油的营养价值较常规品种高。“沪油１２”菜籽饼粕中     

Analysis on Combining Ability for Characters of Male Sterile Lines in Rapeseed （ Brassica napus L.）

The male sterile line is very important in the hybrid breeding program of rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus...     

Inheritance of Erucic Acid, Glucosinolate, and Oleic Acid Contents in Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）

This study was conducted to verify the inheritance of certain characters of rapeseed including erucic acid, glucosinolate and oleic acid contents by using generation mean analysis. The cross of lines Ⅲ...     

Analysis of the Lignin Contents and Related Enzymes Activities in Seed Coat Between Black-Seeded and Yellow-Seeded Rapes （Brassica napus L.）

One pair of near isonegic yellow/black seeded rape （Brassica napus L） were used as experimental materials to study the changes of lignin contents and enzymes activities of 4-coumarate： CoA ligase （4CL）, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD） and ferulate 5-hydroxylase （F5H） in seedcoats during the stage of seed development. The variation analysis showed that the changes of lignin contents and enzyme activities of 4CL, CAD and F5H in seed coat had significant differences between black- and yellow-seeded rapes, and also between different development stages. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the lignin contents were positively correlative to the activities of all three enzymes investigated in the study, and the interactions between them in the seed coat of the two lines. For yellow-seeded rape, the correlation coefficient （0.7262018） of lignin content and the interaction between 4CL and F5H was significant, the lignin contents were highly positively correlative to the activities of CAD and F5H, the interaction between 4CL and CAD, and the interaction between CAD and F5H. For the black-seeded rape, only the lignin content was highly positively correlative to the activity of F5H （the correlation coefficient was 0.772949）, the other correlation coefficients, i. e. lignin contents to 4CL, CAD activities, the interactions between the three enzymes were not significant although all the correlation coefficients were above 0.5000. The results suggested that 4CL, CAD and F5H regulated the biosynthesis of lignin in seedcoat of rapes, leading to the lignin contents in the seedcoats of the yellow-seeded rape much lower than that of the black-seeded line, and affecting the thickness of the developing seedcoats in rapes. Therefore, it was likely to change the seedcoat ratio by overexpressing or suppressing the activities of one of the enzymes, both of them or all of them.     

显性核不育油菜（Brassica napus L.）无蜡粉纯合两型系的选育

采用杂交,兄妹交和自交等育种方法,育成无蜡偻的显性核不育纯合两型系。利用该两型系进行全不育系制种,无蜡粉可作为苗期育性的指示性状,能有效地区别因纯合两型系内可育株迟拔或漏拔而产生的杂株,从而提高全不育系和杂交种的纯度。     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,0il Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile(RGMS)lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses.The crosses,their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters.Results showed that variationsfor seed yield,oil content,days to flowering and days to maturity were significant.Mean squares for hybrids were significant for allcharacters.High heterosis(-4.5%-88.3%),heterobeltiosis(-15.6%-81.1%)and standard heterosis(-34.8%-33.1%)were found forthe seed yield.The highest heterosis and heterobcltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190.The highest standard heterosiswas found in the Cross Qianyou8A×Q034.Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were demcted for the oil content.Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity.Among parents,Ⅲ188,Ⅲ224,and Q034 were proved to be thesuperior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations.2365,Ⅲ1224,and QH303-4AB were good for high oilcontent breeding.Ⅲ176,2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding.Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500kg·hm-2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis,heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis.Among them,10 crosses gave higher oilcontent than that of check.These crosses Can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content.Two crossesincluding Qianyou3A×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

甘蓝型油菜品种间籽粒产量及产量性状杂种优势分析

应用双列杂交设计,研究了遗传来源不同的12个甘蓝型油菜品种间66个双列组合的单株籽粒产量及产量性状的杂种优势。分析结果,21个组合单株籽粒产量具有超高亲优势,超高亲优势率为70 24%(30 70%～218 10%)。产量性状中,8个组合千粒重表现超高亲优势(3 57%～20 48%),其中7个组合为低千粒重亲本组合;47个组合单株角果数具有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为28 02%(0 93%～97 87%);13个组合的每角粒数有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为11 67%。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜品种间籽粒产量超高亲杂种优势明显,可利用的杂种优势潜力较大;杂交油菜籽粒产量的杂种优势主要源自单株角果数的杂种优势,每角粒数和千粒重对籽粒产量的杂种优势贡献较小。文中讨论了甘蓝型油菜品种间杂种优势利用的可行途径。     

甘蓝型油菜利用自交不亲和性的杂种优势

以一个自交不亲和系1010为共同母本与6个品种杂交,产生6个F_1代.用平均优势率、超亲优势率和对照优势率测定了F_1代的优势表现。结果表明,小区产量、主花序长、叶丛期叶长叶宽及主花序角果数的优势较强.讨论了三个优势指数的关系、杂种优势形成的原因及亲子间的相关性。     

甘蓝型优质油菜籽粒含油量和千粒质量相关性分析

检测了2004—2005年国家油菜区域试验8个区的甘蓝型油菜品种(系)的籽粒含油量与千粒质量,并进行相关性分析,结果表明,长江上游区(1,2组)、长江中游区(A,B,R组)、黄淮区和长江下游区(C,D组)共计8个区的甘蓝型油菜品种(系)的籽粒含油量与千粒质量的相关系数分别为-0.011 3,0.357 9,-0.268 4,0.194 6,0.150 0,0.523 0,-0.326 6和0.205 3,即除了黄淮区的油菜籽粒含油量与千粒质量呈中度相关外,其它7个区都呈弱度相关或基本无相关性。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜高油品系下胚轴再生体系研究

为获得甘蓝型油菜高含油量双低恢复系,育成高含油量双低油菜杂交种,以2个不同甘蓝型黄籽油菜高油双低品系(GY1、GY2)下胚轴为外植体,采用正交设计,研究了预培养基中2,4-D和6-BA质量浓度、预培养时间、分化培养基中NAA和6-BA质量浓度组合以及AgNO3质量浓度5种不同因素对其下胚轴芽苗再生的影响。结果表明,除AgNO3质量浓度外,其他4种因素对2个油菜品系下胚轴芽苗再生均具有显著或极显著影响。2个油菜品系间和不同处理间的芽苗再生频率差异均达显著水平,且油菜品系与处理间存在明显互作效应。4d苗龄,在MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+2,4-D 0.5mg/L预培养基上预培养3d后,在添加NAA 0.05mg/L+6-BA 2.0mg/L的分化培养基中芽苗再生频率最高,GY1和GY2的下胚轴芽再生频率分别为45.2%和41.7%。初步建立了甘蓝型油菜高油品系的下胚轴再生体系,为高含油量油菜遗传转化奠定了基础。     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系性状关联性分析

[目的]评估甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系性状间的关系。[方法]采用半双列杂交方法,利用10个甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育系为材料配制了45个杂交组合。45的杂交组合和10个亲本材料于2007-2008年在贵阳种植并用于评估。[结果]植株高度、株有效角果数、初花期和成熟期与产量成显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.644,0.583,0.281和0.341;每角粒数与种子大小（千粒重）成显著负相关（-0.533）。株有效角数、每角粒数、千粒重和植株高度对产量的直接通径系数分别为0.5562、0.4074、0.4813和0.4017。[结论]株有效角数、每角粒数、千粒重和植株高度与种子产量成正相关,并对产量有较高的直接贡献。其它性状包括株分枝数、初花期、成熟期和含油量对产量的贡献较低。     

不同地理位置对甘蓝型油菜含油量的效应研究

为研究地理位置对甘蓝型油菜含油量的影响,运用方差、回归及相关分析,比较了在4种不同海拔环境下,26份甘蓝型油菜品种(品系)的含油量差异.结果表明:油菜含油量与海拔高度存在着明显正相关,相关系数为 0.800 1;油菜含油量与纬度也存在正相关,相关系数最大为0.919 5,最小仅有0.048 4,平均相关系数为0.465 7,纬度对含油量的影响较小.对2因素综合分析比较,海拔高度对含油量的影响比纬度大,二者偏回归系数t检验值为1.109 5(海拔)和 0.915 8(纬度).     

甘蓝型油菜耐旱机理研究进展

干旱严重影响甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)的生长发育、产量和品质。着重阐述了干旱胁迫对甘蓝型油菜生长发育的影响和植物耐旱机制,脱落酸(ABA)参与信号传导、气孔调控、促进脯氨酸的合成等方面的研究进展,提出了进一步强化植物耐旱机制研究的必要性。     

高含油量甘蓝型油菜产量与农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

应用灰色关联度分析法对6个高含油量甘蓝型油菜杂交种的10个农艺性状进行比较分析,探讨高含油量甘蓝型油菜杂交种产量与农艺性状的关系。结果表明,高含油量甘蓝型油菜杂交种产量与主要农艺性状之间的关联顺序大小依次为单株有效角果数、主花序有效角果数、主花序有效长度、分枝部位、1次有效分支数、每角粒数、千粒重、株高、结角密度。