维生素E在养猪业上应用的研究进展

维生素E自 192 4年被发现以来 ,人们已对其进行了大量的科学研究 ,现已证实其具有抗氧化作用 ,可提高机体抗应激能力并能改善猪肉品质 ,提高猪的繁殖能力和抗病能力     

维生素E抗氧化作用及其在动物生产上的应用研究进展

维生素E为α、β、γ、δ-生育酚以及α、β、γ、δ-生育三烯酚等脂溶性维生素的总称,是一种在动物机体中无法合成或供给不足的营养成分,必须通过饲粮供给。其中α-生育酚活性最高,是维生素E在动物体内发挥作用的主要形式。维生素E具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等生物活性,特别是在清除机体自由基、阻断脂质氧化等方面尤为突出,在动物生产中可提高生长性能、改善产品质量和提高机体免疫能力等。文章综述了维生素E的抗氧化作用机制及其在动物生产中的应用,旨在为维生素E作为饲粮抗氧化剂在动物生产中的应用提供理论参考。     

维生素E及其在家禽生产中的应用

维生素E是一种脂溶性维生素,在家禽生产上具有重要作用。文章就维生素E的来源、理化特性、生物学功能、畜禽需要量及其在家禽生产上的应用情况作一综述。     

维生素E在罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中的应用及耐受性研究

本试验旨在研究维生素E在罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中的应用及耐受性.选用400尾大小均匀[平均体重(3.25±0.02)g]、健康的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾.各组分别投喂添加0(对照)、25、50、250、2 500mg/kg维生素E的试验饲料.试验期56 d.结果表明:维生素E添加量为250mg/kg组的鱼体增重率、特定生长率显著高于其他4组(P＜0.05),其他4组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);对照组成活率要低于其他4组,且差异与50和2 500mg/kg组达到显著水平(P＜0.05).维生素E添加量为250mg/kg组的血清超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).维生素E添加量为250 mg/kg组的血清和肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结果提示,维生素E能提高罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能,增强机体抗氧化能力.过量的维生素E虽能降低罗非鱼的脂质过氧化反应,但同时会抑制罗非鱼幼鱼生长.根据罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及生化指标,确定维生素E对罗非鱼幼鱼56 d最大未观察到有害作用剂量为8.50mg/(kg·d).     

维生素E的生物学功能及在养鸡生产中的应用

1．饲料中的维生素E 维生素E又称为生育维生素或抗不育因子，按结构可分为生育酚和生育醇两类。每类又可分为Ot、B、1和84种，其中以a-生育酚活性最高，鲜绿植物如青草和青苜蓿中含很高的a-生育酚。王和民(1997)综述认为a-生育酚受晾晒和贮存以及加工条件的影响，长期在大气中晾晒和贮存使得生育酚活性大大降低。有人研究认为玉米一豆粕粉日粮中a-生育酚以0．015mg／d的速率呈线性降低。美国营养标准中收获后立即人仓的玉米含a-生育酚22mg／kg，豆粕为     

维生素E在畜禽生产上的应用

维生素E（VE）是一种脂溶性维生素,又叫抗不育维生素、抗不育因子或生育酚,是生育酚、生育三烯酚及具有d-α-生育酚生物活性衍生物的总称,易溶于脂肪和乙醇等有机溶剂,不溶于水,对热、酸稳定,对碱不稳定,具有抗氧化、免疫调节的作用,对动物缓解应激能力、改善生产性能、提高繁殖性能等方面具有重要的影响。1 VE的作用1.1缓解畜禽应激能力在畜禽生理紧张、冷或热应激、运输、饲养密度过高等情况下,     

猪维生素E缺乏症的防治

维生素E又名生育酚。天然维生素E有8种生育酚和生育三烯酚,统称为维生素E,其中α-生育酚活性最强。维生素E是体内强抗氧化剂,是神经、肌肉、循环和免疫等系统的正常功能和代谢活动运行所必须的。具有广泛的生物学功能。     

维生素E不同添加方式对绵羊血浆和组织α-生育酚浓度的影响

将9只杂交(小尾寒羊×无角陶赛特)一代育成公羊随机分为3组。第1组饲喂基础日粮,第2组每天在基础日粮中添加50mgDLα生育酚乙酸酯,第3组在试验第1天的日粮中一次性添加4500mgDLα生育酚乙酸酯。试验期共90d,比较维生素E不同添加方式对绵羊血浆和肝脏、心脏、胰腺、肌肉、睾丸等组织α生育酚浓度的影响。结果表明:组间血浆α生育酚浓度无显著差异(P>0.05),但第2组在整个试验期内都能维持在较高水平(约1.0μg/mL)。第2组胰腺和肌肉α生育酚浓度显著(P<0.05)高于第1组和第3组。     

维生素E在畜禽生产中的作用

维生素E(VE)是畜禽体内具有广泛生理功能的重要的脂溶性维生素,是一种有效的抗氧化剂和免疫调节剂。VE在增强畜禽免疫力、抗氧化能力及提高畜禽生产性能和改善畜禽肉质等方面具有重要作用。本文综述了VE在畜禽生产中的研究进展。     

饲料中维生素E的快速测定方法

维生素E又称生育酚,能维持生殖器官的正常机能,提高母畜繁殖能力;并且能促进机体代谢,提高免疫力和抗应激水平;维生素E还有抗氧化作用,可防止脂肪化合物、维生素A、维生素     

植物维生素E合成酶基因克隆及其逆境生理研究进展

 维生素Ｅ 是一种脂溶性的抗氧化剂,在高等植物和蓝细菌光合器官中合成。其天然产物有８种类型,分别为α、β、γ、δ 生育酚和α、β、γ、δ 生育三酚,对植物、动物和人类都具有十分重要的生理作用。笔者通过对近３０年文献的回顾,综述了维生素Ｅ 在植物体内合成途径中相关酶基因的克隆及其在转基因植物中的表达和在植物逆境胁迫下的作用,并展望了研究方向。目前已从模式植物拟南芥和集胞蓝藻中克隆出了与维生素Ｅ 合成相关的所有酶基因,约有２６种植物中维生素Ｅ 合成相关酶基因也已被克隆,维生素Ｅ 生理功能被初步阐明。未来的研究尚需进一步证实其生理功能及其关系,加强对生育三酚的研究,还应当侧重运用已知基因,结合最新的基因工程、作物育种技术,将生育酚的重要价值进行应用和推广。     

高效液相色谱法测定维生素E粉含量

用高效液相色谱法测定饲料添加剂维生素E粉中维生素E含量。采用EclipseXDBC18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(98∶2,V∶V)为流动相,流速为1.2mL/min,检测波长为285nm,柱温为25℃。在此色谱条件下,维生素E在0.104￣0.602mg/mL浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9998,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD为0.72%。本法操作简便易行,系统适用性良好,适用于饲料添加剂维生素E粉中维生素E含量测定。     

Monitoring of vitamin E status of dry,early and mid‐late lactating organic dairy cows fed conserved roughages during the indoor period and factors influencing forage vitamin E levels

Analysis of blood plasma of 60 cows selected on six Flemish organic dairy farms revealed that on average 12% of all samples and on one farm up to 28% of the organic cows showed plasma vitamin E concentrations less than 3.0 μg/ml, which is considered the minimum level to avoid health risks due to vitamin E shortages. Furthermore, this study showed early lactating and dry cows to be more at risk in relation to animals in mid‐late lactation. In European organic farming, vitamin supplements are only allowed if granted by the local authority to satisfy daily requirements. Therefore, the vitamin E content of the feedstuffs used on the farms was determined. Grass clover silage (GCS) and mixed silage had significantly more vitamin E than hay, maize or grain (p < 0.05) [mean (SD): 52 (35), 29 (20), 4.5 (1.7), 4.9 (4.4) and 7.1 (3.8) mg/kg DM, respectively]. Apparently, variation in the vitamin E content in the silage samples was huge. Hence, the vitamin E content of ryegrass, white and red clover was determined in a second lab scale experiment and the effects of wilting, DM content and supplementation of ensiling additives were investigated. Fresh ryegrass had a higher vitamin E content than white and red clover (p < 0.05) [156 (11.3), 49.3 (0.67) and 74.3 (5.73) μg/g DM, respectively]. These differences remained after the wilting or ensiling. Supplementation of formic acid or lactic acid bacteria at ensiling had no significant effect on the vitamin E content. Overall, it can be concluded that GCS is the most important source of vitamin E in organic dairy farming. A legal possibility for case‐related supplementation should be retained in organic dairy farming as approximately 18% of all dry and early lactating cows were at risk of vitamin E shortage.     

Blood and milk status of vitamin E,vitamin A,and selenium in nursing Awassi ewes injected with vitamin E and selenium

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E and selenium (Se) injections on concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, and Se in blood and milk to predict when injections may improve ewes’ performance. Awassi ewes received 0 (control, 13 ewes) or 15 plus 0.05?mg/kg BW of vitamin E and Se (injected, 15 ewes) at 1 and 4 weeks postpartum. Blood and milk samples were collected weekly for 6 weeks. Injections increased vitamin E, decreased Se, and had no effects on vitamin A levels in blood. Blood vitamin E was correlated positively with vitamin A. Injections increased vitamin E, but had no effects on vitamin A or Se levels in milk. Milk vitamin A was positively correlated with vitamin E and Se levels in the control group. Milk vitamins E and A were positively correlated with their corresponding levels in blood. Milk somatic cell count was negatively correlated with blood vitamin A levels.     

维生素E、K对动物基因表达的影响

本文在介绍维生素E和维生素K营养生理功能的基础上,综述了维生素E和维生素K对相关基因表达的调控及其主要机制。     

测定饲料中维生素A和维生素E含量方法的研究

本文旨在建立一种能同时准确测定饲料中维生素A和维生素E含量的方法,试验将样品在碱性条件下65℃水浴超声皂化提取,冰乙酸调pH至中性,乙醇稀释后直接用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行测定。结果表明:维生素A在0.036~108IU/mL线性关系良好,相关系数为1.00000,检出限1000IU/kg,方法回收率为95.8%~98.8%,RSD为0.8%~4.4%(n=5);维生素E在0.6~125μg/mL线性关系良好,相关系数为0.99998,检出限15mg/kg,方法回收率为95.3%~102.2%,RSD为0.8%~4.2%(n=5)。本方法快速简便,适用于配合料、浓缩料、维生素预混料和复合预混料中同时准确测定维生素A和维生素E的含量,相对于国标法节省了大量的时间和试剂,可应用于日常大批量饲料检测中。     

添加剂维生素E对鱼类的抗氧化作用及其机理

维生素E(vitamin E,VE)是当前添加剂研究的热点之一,维生素E具有许多生理作用,其中抗氧化作用是重要功能之一。VE能提高鱼类抗氧化应激能力,增强免疫抗病力,促进健康生长发育,提高成活率,对促进水产养殖业、生产卫生安全的水产品具有重要的意义。文中重点综述了VE对鱼类的抗氧化作用及其机理,同时,讨论了VE和硒的协同抗氧化作用,以便更深入地研究和有效地利用VE调控鱼类生长发育,促进渔业发展。     

Effect of vitamin E supplementation in milk replacer and Shiga toxoid vaccination on serum α‐tocopherol,performance, haematology and blood chemistry in male Holstein calves

Vitamin E (vit E), an essential antioxidant for maintaining the stability of biological membranes and the function of the immune system, is considered to support adaptive immune responses and performance in cattle. The principal virulence factor of Shiga toxin (Stx)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the eponymous Stx, modulates cellular immune responses in cattle, the primary STEC reservoir. Active and passive immunization of calves with Shiga toxoids (rStx_MUT) was recently shown to reduce the STEC shedding. Here, we examined the influence of vit E on calves' serum α‐tocopherol, performance, haematology, blood chemistry and its interaction with rStx_MUT immunization. Data from calves having received passive (colostrum from immunized cows) and active (intramuscularly at 5th and 8th weeks of life) vaccination with rStx_MUT (n = 24) were compared to unvaccinated controls (n = 24; fed with low anti‐Stx colostrum, placebo injected). For each vaccination group, data were analysed according to the level of vit E supplementation offered by milk replacer (188 IU all‐rac‐α‐tocopheryl acetate daily [VitE_M] vs. 354 IU [VitE_H]). An increase by 79% in daily vit E supplementation led to slightly higher serum α‐tocopherol level and earlier concentrate intake at the beginning of the experiment without significant differences in live weight gain, haematology, blood chemistry parameters and peripheral CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T‐cell subpopulations. rStx_MUT vaccination modulated the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio irrespective of vit E supplementation but decreased concentrate intake in VitE_H in a time‐dependent manner. Results of our study indicate that an increase in daily vit E supplementation vastly fails to exert effects on laboratory parameters and growth performance. However, observed interactive effects of vit E supply and vaccination on the regulation of feed intake deserves further attention.     

Multifunctional activity of vitamin E in animal and animal products: A review

Vitamin E is an essential nontoxic fat‐soluble micronutrient whose effects on livestock performance and products can be attributed to its antioxidant and nonantioxidant properties. Although it is needed in small quantity in the diet, its roles in livestock production are indispensable as it is required in boosting performance, nutritional qualities, and yield of animal and animal products. The dietary or oral supplementation of vitamin E is essential in reducing lipid oxidation in muscle, egg, and dairy products as well as lowering cholesterol concentrations and improving antioxidant status of livestock. Evidence has shown that bioavailability of vitamin E–enriched animal products could serve as an invaluable nutritional benefit to consumers; especially those in regions of limited resources where vitamin E deficiencies pose a risk that may be detrimental to some cellular activities of the body and on human health. It is therefore important to redirect research on the impact of vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant on livestock performance and animal products.