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1.
维生素E在养猪业上应用的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
维生素E自 192 4年被发现以来 ,人们已对其进行了大量的科学研究 ,现已证实其具有抗氧化作用 ,可提高机体抗应激能力并能改善猪肉品质 ,提高猪的繁殖能力和抗病能力  相似文献   

2.
维生素E为α、β、γ、δ-生育酚以及α、β、γ、δ-生育三烯酚等脂溶性维生素的总称,是一种在动物机体中无法合成或供给不足的营养成分,必须通过饲粮供给。其中α-生育酚活性最高,是维生素E在动物体内发挥作用的主要形式。维生素E具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等生物活性,特别是在清除机体自由基、阻断脂质氧化等方面尤为突出,在动物生产中可提高生长性能、改善产品质量和提高机体免疫能力等。文章综述了维生素E的抗氧化作用机制及其在动物生产中的应用,旨在为维生素E作为饲粮抗氧化剂在动物生产中的应用提供理论参考。  相似文献   

3.
维生素E是一种脂溶性维生素,在家禽生产上具有重要作用。文章就维生素E的来源、理化特性、生物学功能、畜禽需要量及其在家禽生产上的应用情况作一综述。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究维生素E在罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中的应用及耐受性.选用400尾大小均匀[平均体重(3.25±0.02)g]、健康的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾.各组分别投喂添加0(对照)、25、50、250、2 500mg/kg维生素E的试验饲料.试验期56 d.结果表明:维生素E添加量为250mg/kg组的鱼体增重率、特定生长率显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),其他4组间差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组成活率要低于其他4组,且差异与50和2 500mg/kg组达到显著水平(P<0.05).维生素E添加量为250mg/kg组的血清超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).维生素E添加量为250 mg/kg组的血清和肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结果提示,维生素E能提高罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能,增强机体抗氧化能力.过量的维生素E虽能降低罗非鱼的脂质过氧化反应,但同时会抑制罗非鱼幼鱼生长.根据罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及生化指标,确定维生素E对罗非鱼幼鱼56 d最大未观察到有害作用剂量为8.50mg/(kg·d).  相似文献   

5.
1.饲料中的维生素E 维生素E又称为生育维生素或抗不育因子,按结构可分为生育酚和生育醇两类。每类又可分为Ot、B、1和84种,其中以a-生育酚活性最高,鲜绿植物如青草和青苜蓿中含很高的a-生育酚。王和民(1997)综述认为a-生育酚受晾晒和贮存以及加工条件的影响,长期在大气中晾晒和贮存使得生育酚活性大大降低。有人研究认为玉米一豆粕粉日粮中a-生育酚以0.015mg/d的速率呈线性降低。美国营养标准中收获后立即人仓的玉米含a-生育酚22mg/kg,豆粕为  相似文献   

6.
维生素E(VE)是一种脂溶性维生素,又叫抗不育维生素、抗不育因子或生育酚,是生育酚、生育三烯酚及具有d-α-生育酚生物活性衍生物的总称,易溶于脂肪和乙醇等有机溶剂,不溶于水,对热、酸稳定,对碱不稳定,具有抗氧化、免疫调节的作用,对动物缓解应激能力、改善生产性能、提高繁殖性能等方面具有重要的影响。1 VE的作用1.1缓解畜禽应激能力在畜禽生理紧张、冷或热应激、运输、饲养密度过高等情况下,  相似文献   

7.
高宽  张瑞生 《动物保健》2011,(11):71-72
维生素E又名生育酚。天然维生素E有8种生育酚和生育三烯酚,统称为维生素E,其中α-生育酚活性最强。维生素E是体内强抗氧化剂,是神经、肌肉、循环和免疫等系统的正常功能和代谢活动运行所必须的。具有广泛的生物学功能。  相似文献   

8.
维生素E(VE)是畜禽体内具有广泛生理功能的重要的脂溶性维生素,是一种有效的抗氧化剂和免疫调节剂。VE在增强畜禽免疫力、抗氧化能力及提高畜禽生产性能和改善畜禽肉质等方面具有重要作用。本文综述了VE在畜禽生产中的研究进展。  相似文献   

9.
将9只杂交(小尾寒羊×无角陶赛特)一代育成公羊随机分为3组。第1组饲喂基础日粮,第2组每天在基础日粮中添加50mgDLα生育酚乙酸酯,第3组在试验第1天的日粮中一次性添加4500mgDLα生育酚乙酸酯。试验期共90d,比较维生素E不同添加方式对绵羊血浆和肝脏、心脏、胰腺、肌肉、睾丸等组织α生育酚浓度的影响。结果表明:组间血浆α生育酚浓度无显著差异(P>0.05),但第2组在整个试验期内都能维持在较高水平(约1.0μg/mL)。第2组胰腺和肌肉α生育酚浓度显著(P<0.05)高于第1组和第3组。  相似文献   

10.
维生素E又称生育酚,能维持生殖器官的正常机能,提高母畜繁殖能力;并且能促进机体代谢,提高免疫力和抗应激水平;维生素E还有抗氧化作用,可防止脂肪化合物、维生素A、维生素  相似文献   

11.
植物维生素E合成酶基因克隆及其逆境生理研究进展   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
张一弓  张丽静  傅华 《草业学报》2009,18(5):235-242
 维生素E 是一种脂溶性的抗氧化剂,在高等植物和蓝细菌光合器官中合成。其天然产物有8种类型,分别为α、β、γ、δ 生育酚和α、β、γ、δ 生育三酚,对植物、动物和人类都具有十分重要的生理作用。笔者通过对近30年文献的回顾,综述了维生素E 在植物体内合成途径中相关酶基因的克隆及其在转基因植物中的表达和在植物逆境胁迫下的作用,并展望了研究方向。目前已从模式植物拟南芥和集胞蓝藻中克隆出了与维生素E 合成相关的所有酶基因,约有26种植物中维生素E 合成相关酶基因也已被克隆,维生素E 生理功能被初步阐明。未来的研究尚需进一步证实其生理功能及其关系,加强对生育三酚的研究,还应当侧重运用已知基因,结合最新的基因工程、作物育种技术,将生育酚的重要价值进行应用和推广。  相似文献   

12.
13.
    
Vitamin E (vit E), an essential antioxidant for maintaining the stability of biological membranes and the function of the immune system, is considered to support adaptive immune responses and performance in cattle. The principal virulence factor of Shiga toxin (Stx)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the eponymous Stx, modulates cellular immune responses in cattle, the primary STEC reservoir. Active and passive immunization of calves with Shiga toxoids (rStxMUT) was recently shown to reduce the STEC shedding. Here, we examined the influence of vit E on calves' serum α‐tocopherol, performance, haematology, blood chemistry and its interaction with rStxMUT immunization. Data from calves having received passive (colostrum from immunized cows) and active (intramuscularly at 5th and 8th weeks of life) vaccination with rStxMUT (n = 24) were compared to unvaccinated controls (n = 24; fed with low anti‐Stx colostrum, placebo injected). For each vaccination group, data were analysed according to the level of vit E supplementation offered by milk replacer (188 IU all‐rac‐α‐tocopheryl acetate daily [VitEM] vs. 354 IU [VitEH]). An increase by 79% in daily vit E supplementation led to slightly higher serum α‐tocopherol level and earlier concentrate intake at the beginning of the experiment without significant differences in live weight gain, haematology, blood chemistry parameters and peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell subpopulations. rStxMUT vaccination modulated the CD4+/CD8+ ratio irrespective of vit E supplementation but decreased concentrate intake in VitEH in a time‐dependent manner. Results of our study indicate that an increase in daily vit E supplementation vastly fails to exert effects on laboratory parameters and growth performance. However, observed interactive effects of vit E supply and vaccination on the regulation of feed intake deserves further attention.  相似文献   

14.
    
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin A and E supplementation on the antioxidant defences of broiler chickens against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced oxidative stress at 4 weeks of age. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities as well as total antioxidant (TAO) level were analysed before and after CCl(4) challenge. Day-old Lohman broiler chickens (n = 144) were randomly assigned to six factorially arranged dietary treatments consisting of vitamin A [1.35 (control) or +20 mg/kg] and vitamin E [20 (control), +40 or +60 mg/kg]. The background of vitamins A and E in the basal diet was 4500 IU (1.35 mg) and 30 IU (20 mg) respectively. At 4 weeks of age, eight chickens from each treatment were bled before interperitoneal injection with 1 ml of CCl(4) (mixed with olive oil in a ratio of 1:1) and bled again 24 h post-injection. Vitamin E supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the activity of both SOD and GPX and showed a tendency (p = 0.07) for TAO reduction. CCl(4) attenuated SOD and GPX activities as well as TAO level. The decrease was profound (p < 0.05) in chickens fed the basal diet as well as those fed basal diet supplemented with 20 mg vitamin A. TAO levels behaved similarly when chickens were challenged with CCl(4). After CCl(4) injection, SOD activities of all experimental groups were equivalent. The presence of vitamin A decreased (p < 0.05) plasma GPX activity in chickens fed the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg of vitamin E. Results of this experiment suggested that vitamin E supplementation elevated antioxidant enzyme activities while vitamin A supplementation attenuated this effect. Vitamin E supplementation improved the total reducing power by maintaining comparable levels of TAO upon CCl(4) challenge. Further experiments need to be carried out to investigate the role of vitamin A in oxidative stress and to evaluate the lipid peroxidation products.  相似文献   

15.
    
BACKGROUND: There is insufficient evidence in the literature concerning the fluctuations and correlations of serum fat-soluble vitamin concentrations during lactation in dairy cows and the potential effect of age of the animals on these values. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine fluctuations in mean serum concentrations of the fat-soluble vitamins A and E and b-carotene and the correlations among them in clinically healthy dairy cows, from the last month of the dry period until the end of lactation, and to investigate whether age was a factor that affects these serum concentrations. METHODS: Forty-five clinically healthy Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups based on age. Group A consisted of 23 cows 4 years old (mean +/- SD, 3.24 +/- 0.44 years), and group B consisted of 22 cows >4 years old (6.68 +/- 1.66 years). Blood samples for determination of serum beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E concentrations were collected from each animal just before the start of study (1 month prior to expected parturition), at parturition, and thereafter, at monthly intervals until the end of lactation. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E values. Mean serum concentrations of beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E were significantly higher in younger animals. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that age is a factor affecting serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in dairy cows.  相似文献   

16.
本试验旨在研究饲粮维生素E水平对43 ~ 63日龄黄羽肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响.选用1 440只43日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡,采用单因子随机分组试验设计,共设6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复40只鸡.试验采用玉米淀粉-豆粕型基础饲粮,各处理饲粮营养水平除维生素E水平不同外,其他均相同.空白对照组饲喂未添加维生素E的基础饲粮,其余各处理饲粮中分别添加5、10、20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E.试验期21 d,试鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水.结果表明:1)饲粮中维生素E添加水平对试鸡生长性能和胴体品质无显著性影响(P>0.05).2)胸肌肉色的L*、a*、b *值和肌肉嫩度也未受饲粮维生素E添加水平显著影响(P>0.05).添加各水平维生素E均显著提高了宰后45 min胸肌pH(P <0.05),添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E均显著提高了宰后24 h胸肌pH(P <0.05).添加20、40 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了宰后45 min胸肌滴水损失,添加5、10、40、80 mg/kg维生素E显著降低了宰后48 h胸肌滴水损失(P<0.05).3)饲粮中添加不同水平维生素E对试鸡血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性无显著性影响(P>0.05),添加10、20 mg/kg维生素E使试鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性分别比对照组提高了27.51%、30.57%(P<0.05).添加各水平维生素E均使试鸡肝脏中GSH-Px活性显著提高(P<0.05),添加20、40、80 mg/kg维生素E均显著降低了肝脏中MDA含量(P<0.05),显著提高了肝脏中α-生育酚含量和肌肉中T-SOD活性(P<0.05).以上试验结果提示,饲粮中添加维生素E可提高43~63日龄黄羽肉鸡机体抗氧化功能,改善肉品质,且添加20 mg/kg效果较好.  相似文献   

17.
Alpha‐tocopherol derived from natural source is a single stereoisomer (i.e. RRR‐α‐tocopherol), whereas synthetic α‐tocopherol consists of a mixture of eight stereoisomers, including RRR‐, RRS‐, RSR‐, RSS‐α‐tocopherol (the 2R isomers, R configuration at positions 2′ of the phytyl tail) and SRR‐, SSR‐, SRS‐ and SSS‐α‐tocopherol (the 2S isomers, S configuration at positions 2′ of the phytyl tail). R and S are assigned by the sequence‐rule procedure, i.e. the priorities of the substituents decrease in clockwise direction or anti‐clockwise direction at each chiral centre. Not all these stereoisomers are equally bio‐available, which can be explained by the differences in the rate of degradation, transportation and retention. Humans and livestock animals can only utilize the 2R forms, while the 2S forms have very low bio‐availability or basically are not bio‐available. The utilization of 2R forms differs between different animal species. For humans and livestock animals, RRR‐α‐tocopherol has the highest bio‐availability compared with other stereoisomers, while other 2R forms have lower bio‐availability compared with RRR‐α‐tocopherol. The relative bio‐availability of RRR‐ and all‐rac‐α‐tocopherol is related to animal species, ages of animals and assessment criteria. In general, recent literature studies have demonstrated that the relative bioavailability of RRR‐ and all‐rac‐α‐tocopherol is 2:1, differing from the commonly used conversion factor of 1.36:1. The latter was based on rat‐resorption‐gestation test. Most recent studies have shown that this conversion factor of 1.36:1 is not applicable to livestock animals and based on other metabolic functions. When IU is required to express vitamin E activity, new conversion factors need to be defined for livestock animals. Quantitative determination of bio‐availability of the individual α‐tocopherol stereoisomers will give a more detailed picture of the bioavailability of natural and synthetic vitamin E forms.  相似文献   

18.
试验旨在研究酵母硒及维生素E单独或者联合添加对苏禽3号肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、抗氧化能力及基因表达的影响.试验选择体重相近的苏禽3号肉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组60只.分别为对照组、350 μg/kg酵母硒添加组(试验1组)、50 mg/kg维生素E添加组(试验2组)、350 pg/kg酵母硒+50 mg/kg维生...  相似文献   

19.
本试验旨在研究饲料中维生素E水平对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)幼虾生长性能、抗氧化性能和抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响。选择健壮、平均初始体重为(0.119±0.004)g的900只日本沼虾幼虾,随机分为6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只。以维生素E乙酯为添加形式,配制6组维生素E实际含量分别为18.31、37.94、66.07、120.25、212.68和388.96 mg/kg的半纯化饲料(分别记为VE1、VE2、VE3、VE4、VE5和VE6组),饲喂8周,随后进行24 h氨氮胁迫试验。结果显示:1)各组日本沼虾成活率(SR)无显著差异(P0.05);随饲料维生素E水平的增加,日本沼虾增重率(WGR)呈先增加后下降的变化趋势,VE4组最高,且显著高于VE1组(P0.05);饲料系数(FCR)变化趋势则与WGR相反,VE4组最低,且显著低于VE1组(P0.05)。2)氨氮胁迫前,各组日本沼虾肝胰腺中丙二醛(MDA)含量随饲料维生素E水平的增加呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,在VE3组达到最低,且显著低于VE1、VE5和VE6组(P0.05);各组日本沼虾肝胰腺总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和总抗氧化力(T-AOC)随饲料维生素E水平的增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。VE1和VE6组日本沼虾硫氧还蛋白(Trx)mRNA表达量较高,硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)mRNA表达量则较低。VE3组热休克蛋白60(HSP60)mRNA表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),VE1组热休克同源蛋白70(HSC70)mRNA表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),VE1和VE2组热休克蛋白90(HSP90)mRNA表达显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。3)氨氮胁迫后,各组日本沼虾肝胰腺SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力,MDA含量,Trx、TrxR和HSC70 mRNA表达量的变化趋势与胁迫前相似,HSP60和HSP90 mRNA表达量变化与胁迫前相反。氨氮胁迫可降低日本沼虾肝胰腺GSH-Px活力、T-AOC及Trx、TrxR mRNA表达量,提高MDA含量及VE4、VE5和VE6组SOD活力。由此可见,饲料中添加120.25 mg/kg维生素E对日本沼虾的生长具有积极的促进作用,饲料中添加66.07、120.25和212.68 mg/kg的维生素E可提高日本沼虾抗氧化性能和抗氨氮胁迫能力。  相似文献   

20.
肌肽与维生素E对育肥猪肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本试验旨在研究肌肽与维生素E单独及联合使用对育肥猪肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响。试验采用2因素2×3析因设计,设3个肌肽水平(0、50、100 mg/kg),2个维生素E水平(0、200 mg/kg),选择90头体重约为70 kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪,按体重相近、性别比例相同原则,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪。预试期为7 d,试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加肌肽能显著提高屠宰后45 min肌肉的p H和降低贮存48 h肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.05),极显著提高屠宰24 h后肌肉的p H和降低贮存24 h肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.01);维生素E能极显著降低贮存24和48 h肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.01),二者均能显著改善肉色(P<0.05)。肌肽与维生素E在改善肉色和降低贮存24 h肌肉的滴水损失上存在互作效应(P<0.05),且联合添加优于单独添加。2)饲粮中添加肌肽可显著提高育肥猪血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),极显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.01),维生素E可极显著提高育肥猪血清T-AOC及T-SOD和GSH-Px活性(P<0.01)。在提高血清的T-AOC和GSH-Px活性上,二者存在显著互作效应(P<0.05),且联合添加优于单独添加。3)肌肽可显著降低贮存24 h背最长肌的丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),极显著降低贮存48、72和96 h背最长肌的MDA含量(P<0.01);维生素E可极显著降低贮存24、48、72和96 h背最长肌的MDA含量(P<0.01),且肌肽与维生素E对贮存48 h背最长肌的MDA含量存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加100 mg/kg的肌肽、200 mg/kg的维生素E为最优组合。  相似文献   

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