野生藏药独一味种子萌发特性初步研究

通过对种子进行光照、温度、浸种时间和赤霉素处理,统计其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和胚根长度.结果表明:在光照条件下,15、20、25℃时种子的发芽率分别为83.33%、82.67%、80.67%,25℃时发芽势最高为68%,发芽指数最大为7.92,胚根最长为1.24 cm;在光照条件下15、20、25、30、35℃的发芽率均显著高于黑暗;浸种24 h发芽率最高;经50、200、350、500 mg/L的赤霉素处理的种子萌发各指标都低于对照(蒸馏水).初步探明,独一味种子无休眠现象;适宜萌发条件为光照下,温度20~25℃,属中温萌发型,高温40℃和低温10℃对种子萌发有抑制作用.     

景天三七种子萌发特性研究

以景天三七(Sedum aizoon)种子为试材,研究了光照、温度及不同发芽床条件等3个因素对景天三七种子萌发的影响。结果表明:景天三七种子萌发对光照不敏感,为光中性种子;温度是影响其种子萌发的重要生态因子,综合发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数得出其萌发最适温度为25℃,发芽率为92.8%。滤纸床和土床培养条件下,景天三七发芽率没有显著差异。但与滤纸床相比,土床可以显著提高其种子发芽速率和发芽整齐度。该研究结果对于了解景天三七种子萌发特性,指导其工厂化育苗提供了理论依据。     

壮瑶药水罗伞种子萌发特性及播种育苗研究

在不同温度、光照、贮藏条件、浸种处理下研究水罗伞种子的发芽特性,比较3种不同基质下的种苗生长发育情况。结果表明:光照条件对水罗伞种子萌发的影响不明显,当温度在15/25℃及25℃时种子具有较高的发芽率,浸种24h发芽率最高可达到96.7%,室温下贮藏60d后种子发芽率明显下降。3种不同播种基质间种子发芽率没有明显差异。随着苗木的生长,播种180d后调查显示,以疏松而富有营养的泥炭土条件下其根长、根重、全株重值均最大,苗木生长最好。     

不同处理对商陆种子发芽率的影响

采用1mol/L NaOH、72%的H2SO4、40℃高温、高湿和-20℃低温冷藏预处理,研究光照和黑暗的条件下商陆种子发芽率。结果表明:光照条件下种子的发芽率比黑暗条件下发芽率高;4种预处理均能提高商陆种子的发芽率,其中以72%H2SO4预处理效果最好。表明光可以促进商陆种子的萌发,种皮是商陆种子萌发的主要限制原因。     

不同因子对钝萼铁线莲种子萌发的影响

对钝萼铁线莲种子用不同浓度GA₃溶液、不同温度、不同光照、不同储存条件处理进行萌发试验。结果表明:用GA₃处理能促使钝萼铁线莲种子萌发时间提前,但对种子的发芽率没有影响;钝萼铁线莲种子在有光条件下发芽率明显高于黑暗条件;在25℃时种子具有最高的发芽率（74.67%）;随着储藏时间的增加,种子发芽率显著下降。     

消毒时间、光照和温度对金鱼草种子萌发的影响

以金鱼草种子为研究对象,研究了用质量分数2%NaClO消毒不同时间、不同温度、变温、光照和黑暗处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:用2%NaClO消毒6min为金鱼草种子适宜的消毒时间。黑暗处理使幼苗徒长,光照条件下植株生长健壮,黑暗和光照处理对种子萌发率影响不大。金鱼草种子在25℃时发芽率最高,为88.89%。种变温30℃/20℃处理加快了种子的萌发,整体提高了种子发芽率。     

毛茄种子形态特征及其萌发特性研究

以栽培于广西药用植物园的毛茄为研究对象,进行种子萌发试验。结果表明:毛茄种子存在种皮障碍,播前预处理有助于加快萌发和齐苗;6 h,60℃恒温水浴或40 mg/L,1 h GA3处理是最佳的预处理方式;温度和光照是影响毛茄种子萌发的重要因素,种子在15/25℃变温条件下发芽率最高,光照能够促进种子的萌发。     

野生尼泊尔鸢尾种子发芽条件初探

对采集的野生尼泊尔鸢尾种子经过4个月的冷藏后进行种子发芽条件研究。结果表明:尼泊尔鸢尾种子吸水性较好,种子经浸种24h即可萌发。光照对室温浸种的种子发芽有抑制作用,赤霉素处理对种子发芽率的提高没有显著作用,而硝酸钾溶液浸种处理可显著提高其发芽率。因此,成熟的野生尼泊尔鸢尾种子在秋季采集后可先进行4℃冷藏或低温层积处理,于翌年春经45～65℃的温汤浸种或0.3%～0.5%的硝酸钾溶液浸种后于25℃暗环境下发芽,可获得较高的发芽率。     

根际微生物对白菜种子萌发的影响

研究不同温度和光照条件下,白菜在根际土样和根外土样中的发芽率和发芽势,探讨根际微生物对白菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:在不同处理的土样中,适宜白菜种子发芽的25～30℃条件下,根际微生物有利于提高白菜种子发芽率、发芽势;黑暗条件有利于根际微生物对白菜萌发的促进作用。     

籽用南瓜种子萌发生物学特性初步研究

采用光照自动控制培养箱对籽用南瓜种子萌发生物学特性进行初步研究。结果表明:在光照强度2 000lx完全条件下,南瓜种子萌发的适宜温度为25℃,萌发早且持续时间短,发芽率及发芽势最高;光照有利于种子萌发。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.