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美国俄亥俄州保护性耕作体系情况与黑龙江省农业持续发展建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2016年9月17日-11月17日,应美国俄亥俄州立大学南部中心菲克·伊斯兰姆博士邀请出访美国学习先进的保护性耕作技术。通过2个月的学习、培训、交流了解到美国俄亥俄州先进的保护性耕作模式主要有3种,第一种是大豆-冬小麦-玉米3年期的轮作,其中冬小麦收获后可引入大豆作为保护性覆盖作物;第二种是大豆-玉米的隔年轮作;第三种是大豆-玉米轮作中引入黑麦等覆盖作物。该保护性耕作技术体系十分成熟,处于世界领先地位,结合黑龙江省农业发展现状,3种先进的保护性耕作模式中,大豆-玉米隔年轮作的保护性耕作技术适宜在黑龙江省大面积推广。 相似文献
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通过分析黑龙江省农田生态系统的现状,提出了黑龙江省应大力发展保护性耕作,并从土壤耕作措施,覆盖耕作和种植保护性作物三方面提出了黑龙江省加强保护性耕作改革的具体措施及需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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浅议我国发展保护性耕作的必要性、面临的问题及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了国内外保护性耕作的定义,阐述了发展保护性耕作的必要性,提出了目前我国保护性耕作技术面临农机具不完善、缺乏区划研究及农民认识不够等问题,并针对存在的问题提出解决的对策及措施. 相似文献
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金会芝 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2016,(4):111-113,118
着重论述了机械化保护性耕作技术在杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县实施的必要性、推广应用情况及取得的成效,分析了保护性耕作技术在实施过程中存在的问题,展望未来发展前景广阔。 相似文献
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刘宏伟 《中国农业文摘-农业工程》2020,32(4):35-36
保护性耕作技术的应用不仅可以创造一个良好的生态环境,同时能够改进耕作制度,实现节本增效。本文就保护性耕作技术的内容进行了具体的介绍,提出了保护性耕作技术在玉米种植区的推广措施,希望能够为我国玉米种植工作提供参考以及借鉴,进而促进我国农业实现可持续发展。 相似文献
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保护性耕作技术的推广应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
保护性耕作被农民称之为"懒汉种田法",是对传统耕作制度的重大变革,是一种农业生产和环境保护"双赢"的耕作方法,是对农田实行免耕、少耕,尽可能减少土壤耕作,并用作物秸秆、残茬覆盖地表,用化学药物来控制杂草和病虫害,从而减少土壤侵蚀,提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力的一项先进耕作技术。 相似文献
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对黑龙江省西部半干旱区农作制主要特点、理论与实践、优先发展战略进行了综述。阐述了黑龙江省西部半干旱区地域分布、自然气候条件、农作物种植结构与比例等农作制主要特点,该区农作制的发展战略以及节水灌溉理论与实践。旨在为黑龙江省西部半干旱区农作制研究与发展提供一定的理论依据和实践指导。 相似文献
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Evaluation of new technologies using guidance systems is very important and can help producers with choosing the right equipment
for their applications. Without using satellite navigation during field operations, there is a tendency for passes to overlap.
That results in waste of fuel and pesticides, longer working times and also environmental damage. When utilising satellite
guidance for field operations, there is a close connection with controlled traffic farming (CTF) as well. CTF is currently
a quite quickly developing farming system based on fixed layout of machinery passes across a field. Tracks precisely set out
for a machine’s tyres in the field could be a tool for minimising soil compaction risk which is another threat to the environment.
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the accuracy of currently available guidance systems for agricultural machines.
Real pass-to-pass errors (omissions and overlaps) in a field were measured. Consequently, comparison between observed guidance
systems was made regarding final working accuracy. Further, intensity of machinery passes, percentage of wheeled area and
repeated passes in fields were monitored. These measurements were made in fields under real operating conditions using a conventional
tillage system with ploughing and also a conservation tillage system, both systems with randomly organized traffic. Finally,
the same parameters were monitored in fields where fixed machinery tracks were used for all operations and passes but only
under a conservation tillage system. Pass-to-pass accuracy was measured for the evaluation of different guidance systems.
Size of missed areas or overlaps was evaluated statistically. Concerning intensity of machinery passes and total field area
affected by machinery passes, the following facts were found out. The experiments with randomized traffic showed a significant
difference of the parameters mentioned above between a conventional tillage system with ploughing and a conservation tillage
system. Wheeled area was 86 and 64%, respectively which proves benefits of conservation tillage. The experiments with a fixed
track system showed that the total run-over area by machinery tyres decreased even more (up to 31%) in comparison to randomized
traffic in a field (only fields under conservation tillage system were monitored and evaluated). The following statements
based on our results can be made. The navigation and therefore possibility for better accuracy of machinery passes in fields
together with permanent machinery tracks utilization could help with soil condition improvement and also energy savings which
would result from that. The CTF system will help with further development of a system for soil compaction protection which
is currently a real necessity. 相似文献
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国内外保护性农业耕作技术研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
农业保护性耕作的指导思想可以概括为 :在保护环境、提高环境质量、实现农业可持续发展的前提下 ,最有效地利用和节省资源 ,提高农业产量和利润率 ,改善农产品质量 ,发展农业生产。它具有保护土壤湿度 ,增产 ,减少管理的劳动力和时间 ,燃料消耗少 ,节省设备 ,侵蚀控制等优点 ,因而在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国深受农场主的欢迎 ,先后从六、七十年代开始研究、应用 ,到九十年代推广率达 2 5 %以上。在中国免耕法种植技术也有几十年的历史 ,但研究、推广力度小 ,科技人员和农民认识、接受程度仍然很低 ,使用面积非常有限。大力开展保护性耕作技术研究 ,建立试验示范区 ,把保护性耕作技术推广应用到中国北方旱作农业区 ,将是土地荒漠化防治的一条有效途径。 相似文献
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冬小麦免耕复种油葵技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统耕作对土壤耕作层多次耕翻耙耱是造成我国土地沙漠化的主要根源。为此,引进国外先进的玉米(油葵)免耕播种机,采用定点定时取样、田间调查、室内分析与统计相结合的方法,将免耕播种技术、灭茬免耕播种技术试验示范与传统耕作技术进行对比试验,结果表明:保护性耕作技术可节省机耕费225~375元/hm2,增效765~1 455元/hm2;油葵生长期间,保护性耕作技术不同土层土壤水分提高15%~25%,土壤容重提高25%~48%;油葵收获后,保护性耕作技术的土壤速效养分(氮磷钾)累积比传统耕作高。 相似文献
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