Effects of some nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactants on uptake of ethirimol and diclobutrazol from suspension formulations applied to wheat leaves

The influence of a number of commercial nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactants on the foliar penetration and movement of two systemic fungicides, ethirimol and diclobutrazol, was studied in outdoor-grown wheat plants at different growth stages and post-treatment temperatures in two consecutive growing seasons. Both fungicides were applied as ca 0·2 μl droplets of aqueous suspension formulations containing 0·5 g litre^?1 of ¹⁴C-labelled active ingredient; surfactants were added to these suspensions at concentrations ranging from 0·2-10 g litre^?1. To achieve optimum uptake of each fungicide the use of surfactants with different physicochemical properties was required. For diclobutrazol, a lipophilic compound, uptake of radiolabel was best with surfactants of low mean molar ethylene oxide (E) content (5-6) but it was necessary to use concentrations of ca 5 g litre^?1 to attain this. The surfactant threshold concentration for uptake enhancement of radiolabel from ethirimol formulations (< 2 g litre^?1) was much lower than that for diclobutrazol but surfactants with E contents > 10 induced the greatest amount of uptake. For both fungicides, surfactants with an aliphatic alcohol hydrophobe were generally more efficient in promoting their uptake than those with a nonylphenol moiety. The sorbitan-based surfactant ‘Tween 20’ proved to be an effective adjuvant only for the ethirimol formulation; the uptake enhancing properties of the block copolymer ‘Synperonic PE/F68’ were weak. Uptake performance could not be related to the spreading properties of the respective formulations on the wheat leaf surface or to differences in solubilisation of the two fungicides by the surfactants. Although surfactants could substantially increase the amount of acropetal transport of radiolabel from both fungicides, none of those tested specifically promoted it; a constant proportion of the radioactive dose absorbed by a treated leaf was usually exported away from the site of application. The results are discussed in the light of current theories about the mode of action of surfactants as spray adjuvants.     

The foliar uptake of isoproturon by wheat and Alopecurus myosuroides huds

The uptake and translocation of ¹⁴C-isoproturon (3-p-cumenyl-1-1,-dimethylurea) in wheat (tolerant) and backgrass (sensitive) following foliar treatment under controlled environmental conditions were examined. The amount of ¹⁴C-isoproturon translocated through the xylem was about 10 times that translocated through the phloem in both wheat and blackgrass. However, 25.5% of the applied ¹⁴C-isoproturon was translocated in the xylem in blackgrass, compared with 8.9% in wheat. ¹⁴C-isoproturon did not respond significantly to induced sink-demand in either species. Leaf-disc autoradiograms revealed the absorption of ¹⁴C-isoproturon by the minor veins and translocation into the cut vein endings. No significant differences were found in between wheat and blackgrass in this respect.     

淋洗对石灰性土壤硝态氮含量及小麦吸氮量的影响

在陕西省的澄城、永寿、杨陵三地采集有机质、全氮、硝态氮含量差异较大的17个土样，分别在淋洗土壤硝态氮前、后，以小麦为供试作物，用盆栽试验研究淋洗对土壤硝态氮含量及小麦吸氮量的影响。结果表明，淋洗后土壤起始硝态氮减少了2．9％－89．6％。淋失量与硝态氮浓度有关：浓度高时，淋失量大；浓度不高时，淋失量小。与此相对应，淋洗起始硝态氮后，盆栽小麦吸氮量减少5．5％－69．8％，而且作物吸氮减少量与硝态氮淋失量密切相关（r=0.956,n=17)，硝态氮淋失量可对作物吸氮减少量给出93．1％的解释。     

Uptake and movement of paraquat in cocksfoot and wheat as influenced by surfactants

Surfactants are used to increase the efficiency of herbicide formulations mainly because they wet out leaf surfaces, thereby stabilising and increasing the contact area of droplets on the surface. Herbicide penetration through the cuticle may also be facilitated. The work described eliminates effects on wetting and contact area in order to study the effect of surfactants on the penetration and movement of paraquat in cocksfoot. Surfactants were various types of alcohols and amine oxides condensed with 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide used at 0.1 to 0.5%. An adult leaf of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) was immersed briefly to constant area in paraquat solutions containing surfactant and uptake and movement of paraquat is recorded. Uptake was little affected by differences in surfactant structure except where surface activity was low and solutions failed to wet out the leaf surface. Percentage movement with 0.5% surfactant was often less than that with 0.1% and a high ethylene oxide content also reduced percentage movement. Paraquat activity was influenced by both the degree of uptake and movement, but movement was the greater influence. Amine oxide surfactants reduced movement less than those based on alcohols. The action of surfactants is discussed in terms of a hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance in the surfactant molecule.     

Contributions of stomatal infiltration and cuticular penetration to enhancements of foliar uptake by surfactants

Radiolabelled deoxyglucose (DOG) and glyphosate were used to investigate the effects of certain non-ionic surfactants on the kinetics of foliar uptake in three species. ‘Silwet L-77’ (5 g litre^?1), an organosilicone surfactant, enabled spray solutions to infiltrate stomata, providing uptake of DOG into Vicia bean (50%), oat (35%) and wheat (20%) within 10 min of application. ‘Silwet Y-12301’, another organosilicone, also induced stomatal infiltration but to a lesser extent; unlike L-77, this was attenuated by partial stomatal closure. A third organosilicone, ‘Silwet L-7607’, and two conventional surfactants, ‘Triton X-45’ (OP5) and ‘Agral 90’ (NP9), did not induce stomatal infiltration. The effective minimum concentration of L-77 required to enable infiltration of stomata was 2 g litre^?1. The uptake of glyphosate into bean did not differ from that of DOG but the ‘Roundup’ formulation of glyphosate partially antagonised the infiltration provided by L-77. Addition of surfactants did not increase the rate of cuticular penetration of DOG into bean but total uptake was increased, except by NP9, either via infiltration (L-77 and Y-12301) or by extending the period during which penetration occurred (L-7607 and OP5). The surfactants had a variable effect on rates of penetration of DOG into wheat and oat. In general, foliar uptake followed an exponential timecourse which was largely complete within 6 h and only rarely approached 100% of the applied chemical. The stomatal infiltration provided by L-77 caused an increase in translocation of DOG in bean.     

Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants: 1. Influence of xenobiotic dose on the uptake of three model compounds applied in the absence and presence of surfactants into Chenopodium album, Hedera helix and Stephanotis floribunda leaves

This study determined the uptake of three model compounds, applied in the presence and absence of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (Chenopodium album L, Hedera helix L and Stephanotis floribunda Brongn). The results with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and epoxiconazole in the presence ofsurfactants (the polyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers C12EO3, C12EO6, C12EO10 and a trisiloxane ethoxylate with mean EO of 7.5, all used at one equimolar concentration and therefore different percentage concentrations) illustrate that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the xenobiotics studied over a wide concentration range in the presence of these surfactants. Uptake on a unit area basis (nmol mm(-2)) could be related to the initial dose of xenobiotic applied per unit area (ID) by an equation of the form: Uptake = a [ID]b at time t = 24h. ID is given by the mass of xenobiotic applied, M divided by the droplet spread area, A. Total mass uptake is then calculated from an equation of the form: Total Uptake = a [ID]b x A.     

Some physicochemical factors influencing foliar uptake enhancement of glyphosatemono(isopropylammonium) by polyoxyethylene surfactants

Structure-concentration–foliar uptake enhancement relationships between commercial polyoxyethylene primary aliphatic alcohol (A), nonylphenol (NP), primary aliphatic amine (AM) surfactants and the herbicide glyphosatemono(isopropylammonium) were studied in experiments with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and field bean (Vicia faba L.) plants growing under controlled-environment conditions. Candidate surfactants had mean molar ethylene oxide (EO) contents ranging from 5 to 20 and were added at concentrations varying from 0·2 to 10 g litre^?-1 to [¹⁴C]glyphosate formulations in acetone–water. Rates and total amounts of herbicide uptake from c. 0·2–μl droplet applications of formulations to leaves were influenced by surfactant EO content, surfactant hydrophobe composition, surfactant concentration, glyphosate concentration and plant species, in a complex manner. Surfactant effects were most pronounced at 0·5 g acid equivalent (a.e.) glyphosate litre^?-1 where, for both target species, surfactants of high EO content (15–20) were most effective at enhancing herbicide uptake: surfactants of lower EO content (5–10) frequently reduced, or failed to improve, glyphosate absorption. Whereas, at optimal EO content, AM surfactants caused greatest uptake enhancement on wheat, A surfactants gave the best overall performance on field bean; NP surfactants were generally the least efficient class of adjuvants on both species. Threshold concentrations of surfactants needed to increase glyphosate uptake were much higher in field bean than wheat (c. 2 g litre^?-1 and < 1 g litre^?-1, respectively); less herbicide was taken up by both species at high AM surfactant concentrations. At 5 and 10 g a.e. glyphosate litre^?-1, there were substantial increases in herbicide absorption and surfactant addition could cause effects on uptake that were different from those observed at lower herbicide doses. In particular, the influence of EO content on glyphosate uptake was now much less marked in both species, especially with AM surfactants. The fundamental importance of glyphosate concentration for its uptake was further emphasised by experiments using formulations with constant a.i./surfactant weight ratios. Any increased foliar penetration resulting from inclusion of surfactants in 0·5 g litre^?-1 [¹⁴C]glyphosate formulations gave concomitant increases in the amounts of radiolabel that were translocated away from the site of application. At these low herbicide doses, translocation of absorbed [¹⁴C]glyphosate in wheat was c. twice that in field bean; surfactant addition to the formulation did not increase the proportion transported in wheat but substantially enhanced it in field bean.     

Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants. Part 2: Effects on foliar uptake and translocation

The effects of octylphenol (OP) and four of its ethoxylated derivatives on uptake into, and distribution within, maize leaf of 2-deoxy-glucose (2D-glucose), atrazine and o, p′-DDT are reported. The surfactants and OP (2 g litre^?1 in aqueous acetone) increased the uptake, at both 1.5 and 24 h, of the three model compounds (applied at 1 g litre^?1) having water solubilities in the g, mg and μg litre^?1 ranges. The uptake of 2D-glucose was positively correlated with the hygroscopicity of the surfactants. The uptake of DDT and atrazine increased with the uptake of the surfactants, being inversely related to their hydrophile:lipophile balance (HLB). Uptake of 2D-glucose and atrazine was enhanced at high humidity, the relative enhancement for atrazine increasing with increasing ethylene oxide (EO) content of the surfactants. A significant proportion of the atrazine and DDT entering the leaf was recovered from the epicuticular wax, the amount of atrazine recovered from the wax increasing with the EO content of the surfactants. The proportion of the surfactants taken up which was recovered from the epicuticular wax was minimal at an EO content of 12.5–16 mole equivalents. The appearance of the deposits on the leaf surface differed markedly among the surfactants, with similar trends for all three chemicals and without visible evidence for infiltration of the stomatal pores. The total quantities of glucose and atrazine translocated were increased by all surfactants but that of DDT was not, despite increases in uptake of up to 7.5-fold. Relative translocation (export from treated region of leaf as a percentage of chemical penetrating beyond the epicuticular wax) was reduced in all cases in the presence of surfactant. Up to 30% of the applied [¹⁴C]chemicals was not recovered from the treated leaf after 24 h. The reduced recovery of 2D-glucose, but not that of atrazine and DDT, was largely attributable to movement out of the treated leaf, with approximately 70% of the chemical taken up being translocated basipetally. Loss of atrazine and DDT was a result of volatilisation. There was no evidence that either [14C]2 D-glucose or [¹⁴C]atrazine was metabolised to [¹⁴C]carbon dioxide.     

Effect of take-all root infections on nitrate uptake in winter wheat

The effect of take-all root lesions on nitrate uptake of wheat was investigated in two experiments under controlled conditions. Plants were supplied with a nutrient solution labelled with ¹⁵N during stem elongation and flowering to assess the distribution of the isotopic tracer in the different plant organs, and particularly in root segments located on both sides of take-all lesions. The ¹⁵N atom percentage excess measured in root segments located below lesions longer than 1 cm was reduced on average by half compared with that in healthy roots and root segments above lesions, reflecting a reduction in nitrogen uptake by these root segments. This reduction probably resulted from the invasion and breakdown of phloem vessels by the fungus hyphae, interrupting energy supply and thus the uptake process. Severely infected plants showed an increase in the uptake rate per unit of efficient root, which appeared to be a compensatory response to reduction of efficient root biomass in order to satisfy shoot nitrogen demand. However, this compensatory response was insufficient to ensure nitrogen accumulation equivalent to that of healthy plants, as reductions in nitrogen accumulated in roots and aerial parts at flowering were up to 56 and 49%, respectively, for plants with more than 50% of the root system below lesions longer than 1 cm.     

Cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants. Part 2: influence of the xenobiotic dose on the uptake of bentazone, epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin, applied in the presence of various surfactants, into Chenopodium album, Sinapis alba and Triticum aestivum leaves

This study has determined the uptake of three pesticides, applied as commercial or model formulations in the presence of a wide range of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (bentazone into Chenopodium album L. and Sinapis alba L., epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin into Triticum aestivum L.). The results have confirmed previous findings that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong, positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the pesticide formulations studied, although surfactant concentration was found to have an effect. The lower surfactant concentrations studied showed an inferior relationship between the amount of xenobiotic applied and uptake. High molecular mass surfactants also produced much lower uptake than expected from the dose uptake equations in specific situations.     

Effect of non-ionic nonylphenol surfactants on surface physicochemical properties, uptake and distribution of asulam and diflufenican

The effect of non-ionic nonylphenol (NP) surfactants containing 4–14 ethylene oxide (EO) molecules on the distribution of asulam and diflufenican was investigated in Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn and Avena fatua L. The distribution of the herbicides was dependent on the EO content and concentration of surfactant and differed between plant species and herbicide. The surface properties of contact angle, droplet diameter and surface tension were examined. For solutions of asulam, the greatest reductions in contact angle, surface tension and greatest droplet diameter were obtained with surfactants of EO 6.5–10 (at 0.001–0.1%). For solutions of diflufenican, these responses were greatest when applied with surfactant of EO 4. Surfactants of EO 6.5–10 increased the uptake and translocation of [¹⁴C]asulam in P. aquilinum, particularly at surfactant concentrations of 0.01 % and 0.1 %. All surfactants increased uptake of [¹⁴C]asulam in A. fatua with no significant effects of surfactant EO number or concentration. For both species, there was a positive correlation between the optimum surface characteristics of the herbicide droplets and the uptake of asulam. With diflufenican, greatest uptake and translocation by mature frond tissue of P. aquilinum occurred at the highest concentration of surfactant EO 4; in A. fatua, however, uptake and translocation were not significantly affected by any of the surfactants.     

施钾对旱地冬小麦养分含量及吸收量的影响

通过田间试验，研究了施钾对豫褐土区旱地冬小麦养分含量及吸收量的影响。结果表明：施用钾肥影响小麦各生育期的养分含量，与不施钾处理相比，氮、磷含量略有下降，钾含量略有升高，在氮、磷、钾元素中磷含量较为稳定；施用钾肥在0－93kg/hm^2范围内，小麦各生育阶段的养分吸收量及小麦产量均随钾肥施用量的增加而增加。相关分析表明，养分吸收量和产量呈显著或极显著的相关性。     

The impact of uptake, translocation and metabolism on the differential selectivity between blackgrass and wheat for the herbicide pyroxsulam

BACKGROUND: Wheat shows selectivity to pyroxsulam, a new broad‐spectrum herbicide with high activity on blackgrass. Studies were performed to establish whether uptake, translocation or metabolism were responsible for the differential activity in wheat compared with blackgrass. In addition, the effect of the safener cloquintocet‐mexyl on metabolism was evaluated in wheat and blackgrass shoots. RESULTS: Root uptake of pyroxsulam in blackgrass was significantly higher than in wheat, suggesting a possible activity enhancement in blackgrass owing to root uptake. Translocation to foliage from root uptake as well as translocation out of treated foliage following foliar applications was low in wheat compared with blackgrass, likely owing to the rapid metabolism of pyroxsulam in wheat. Wheat metabolized pyroxsulam significantly faster than blackgrass to the less active O‐dealkylation product. Wheat shoots metabolized pyroxsulam faster when the safener cloquintocet‐mexyl was present, but cloquintocet‐mexyl did not increase the rate of metabolism in blackgrass. CONCLUSIONS: The selectivity of pyroxsulam to wheat relative to blackgrass was connected primarily with differences in the rate of metabolism and generation of an inactive metabolite. Metabolism in wheat restricted subsequent movement of radioactivity out of the treated leaf. The rapid metabolism in wheat was increased by the addition of cloquintocet‐mexyl. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

小麦返白系返青后根系生长及养分吸收利用特性的研究

采用管栽试验研究了返青后小麦返白系根系生长及养分吸收利用规律。结果表明,返白系返白期间光合速率低于正常小麦,完全复绿后光合速率表现出补偿效应,这种补偿效应可持续到灌浆初期。返青后地上部和根系生长、养分摄取量明显低于正常小麦,但产量与正常小麦无差异(P>0.05)。返白系的同化效率高,养分利用效率高于正常小麦。磷和钾的代谢可能与返白系的返白有关。     

覆膜集雨栽培对冬小麦产量及养分吸收的影响

采用垄上覆膜集雨保墒、沟内种植的栽培方法,在半湿润易旱的关中红油土上进行了冬小麦田间试验,探讨覆膜集雨栽培对冬小麦产量及氮磷钾养分携出量的影响。结果表明,覆膜集雨的增产效果明显。覆膜条件下,高氮处理的生物产量与籽粒产量比低氮处理分别增加15.9%、22.6%;高氮高密度条件下,覆膜的生物产量与籽粒产量比不覆膜分别提高39.5%、28.9%,其中,高氮低密度(即高氮宽垄覆膜集雨)处理的籽粒产量和生物产量最高,产量可达7898kg/hm2;覆膜集雨种植可协调土壤水分和养分的关系,促进了地上部的养分携出量,有利于植株的协调生长,最终获得高产。     

局部根区水分胁迫下钙对冬小麦生长及养分吸收的影响

以小偃22为材料,采用Hoagland营养液进行分根培养试验,研究了局部根区水分胁迫下,钙对冬小麦幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响。设置2个钙水平处理(正常供钙和不供钙)、3种水分处理(正常水分、局部根区水分胁迫和全部根区水分胁迫),共6个处理。结果表明:不论是否水分胁迫,缺钙处理冬小麦幼苗的株高、主根长、生物量、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、相对含水量及地上部N、P、Ca含量和根系N、P、K、Ca含量均显著低于正常供钙处理(P0.05)。正常供钙条件下,局部根区水分胁迫使株高增加4.4%,正常水分、局部根区水分胁迫和全部根区水分胁迫的植株生物量分别为1.54、1.66 g·株-1和0.97 g·株-1,比缺钙处理分别高19.4%、25.8%和4.3%;全部根区水分胁迫下,冬小麦的株高及主根长均显著降低。缺钙条件下,植株对N、P、Ca等养分的吸收显著降低。正常供钙条件下,正常水分、局部根区水分胁迫和全部根区水分胁迫处理地上部全氮含量分别为36.54、36.65g·kg-1和32.70 g·kg-1,比缺钙处理分别高9.5%、6.5%和6.9%;全磷含量分别为7.48、7.51 g·kg-1和6.54 g·kg-1,比缺钙处理分别高3.0%、13.1%和22.7%;全钙含量分别为8.35、8.37 g·kg-1和5.53 g·kg-1,比缺钙处理分别高26.5%、24.4%和19.7%。结果说明钙显著影响冬小麦幼苗生长发育和养分利用,钙可促进局部根区水分胁迫下冬小麦幼苗的生长及其对养分的吸收,缓解全部根区水分胁迫的抑制效应。     

The role of waxes in the uptake of metolachlor into sorghum in relation to the protectant CGA 43089

The grass weed herbicide metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide) which is especially effective against wild millets, inhibits the formation of epicuticular waxes on sorghum leaves. The metolachlor protectant CGA 43089 [α - (cyanomethoximino) - benzacetonitrile] prevents the depletion of the waxes on the leaves of metolachlor-treated sorghum plants, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. This alteration of the plant surface polymers also changes their permeability to the herbicide. ¹⁴C-metolachlor uptake into isolated coleoptiles and first leaves of sorghum which had been pretreated with the herbicide was increased. Incubation with added protectant reduced the uptake of ¹⁴C-metolachlor. It is postulated that the modifications caused by metolachlor and its protectant to sorghum surface structures influence the action of the herbicide in two ways:

• 1 The selectivity observed against sorghum and millet grasses could occur because of an increased uptake of metolachlor through cuticles which are particularly sensitive to the structural changes caused by the herbicide, since the composition of the plant waxes is very species-specific.
• 2 The loss of cuticular integrity is prevented by the protectant CGA 43089, which greatly reduces penetration of metolachlor.

     

不同水肥条件对小麦生长及养分吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同水肥条件对小麦地上部分和根系生物量、养分吸收状况及产量的影响。结果表明：随着水肥条件的改善，小麦地上部及整体植株生物量均呈明显增加趋势，而根系生物量在水肥条件适宜时较小，次适宜时较大；当水分进一步亏缺时，根系生长受阻，其生物量下降。水肥条件对小麦成穗率及穗粒数均有不同程度的影响，从而导致了籽粒产量在不同水肥条件下的差异；千粒重受水肥条件影响不大。适宜的水肥条件有利于作物对养分的吸收和运输，有利于植株的协调生长；而当水分供应不足时，根系与地上部分存在对养分和光合产物的竞争，根系成为光合产物的优势库，根系养分含量增加，根／冠亦增大。当土壤水分严重亏缺时，根系及茎秆中的养分向穗粒部运输受阻，养分相对积累在根系和茎秆中。     

旱地休闲期间翻耕及覆盖对小麦氮素吸收、运转的影响

立足旱地小麦休闲期降水和生育期用水错位问题,连续两年（2009—2011年）在山西闻喜旱地小麦试验基地进行休闲期耕作和覆盖试验,研究不同时间深翻和不同覆盖方式的蓄保水分效果及水分与小麦植株氮素吸收运转的关系。结果表明:休闲期深翻（即麦收后45 d或15 d深翻）,渗水地膜覆盖和液态地膜覆盖较不覆盖可提高播前0~300 cm土壤蓄水量,可提高旱地小麦各生育阶段,尤其前中期氮素积累量,且麦收后45 d深翻后渗水地膜覆盖效果较好;休闲期深翻,渗水地膜和液态地膜覆盖较不覆盖可提高开花期各器官氮素积累量,尤其是麦收后45 d深翻后渗水地膜覆盖处理。渗水地膜条件下,麦收后45 d较15 d深翻可提高开花期叶片和茎秆氮素积累量,可显著提高颖壳+穗轴氮素积累量,可显著提高开花期各器官氮素对籽粒的贡献率,尤其是叶片和茎秆,从而显著提高籽粒氮积累量、成熟期氮素积累量和籽粒产量,且除开花期各器官氮素对籽粒贡献率外,渗水地膜覆盖较液态地膜覆盖效果好,籽粒氮素积累量达17%,籽粒产量达13%。两年相关分析表明,休闲期深翻渗水地膜覆盖或液态地膜覆盖,降水较少年份的旱地小麦播前3 m土壤水分与花前氮素运转关系密切,而降水较多年份与花前氮素运转关系及花后氮素积累关系均较为密切,且与花后氮素更密切。研究表明,休闲期深翻（即麦收后45 d深翻）后采用渗水地膜覆盖,有利于旱地麦田蓄积休闲期降水,提高播前3 m各土层底墒;有利于小麦各生育阶段氮素吸收积累,尤其前中期;有利于花前氮素向籽粒中运转,尤其叶片和茎秆;有利于籽粒中氮素积累和籽粒产量的提高。     

小麦根质膜H+-ATPase水解活性与吸钾关系研究

以不同基因型小麦根为材料,采用蔗糖不连续密度梯度法制备质膜微囊,研究了钾对质膜H -ATPase水解活性的影响。研究表明:生长环境中钾胁迫会导致小麦根质膜H -ATP酶水解活性增加,且水解活性受钾刺激也增加;生长环境中钾充足会导致此酶水解活性比钾亏缺时低,且水解活性受钾刺激而下降。表明环境钾水平可影响根内H -ATP酶活性及其某些性状。植株K吸收量与根质膜H -ATP酶水解活性及受钾刺激特性关系不明显。决定钾吸收量的因素很多。