茶蚜及其主要天敌的种群动态和捕食效应观察

田间调查表明，茶蚜通常在4月中旬？5月中旬、9？10月形成2个虫口高峰。5月份蚜茧蜂的寄生率10％，9－10月份蚜茧蜂的寄生率稍高，约10－15％。茶园中七星瓢虫种群对茶蚜种群具有明显的跟随效应；室内，1头七星瓢虫日捕食100－120头成、若蚜，1头中华草蛉日捕食70－90头成、若蚜。     

茶树保护知识普及讲座(六)

茶树害虫天敌的保护和利用我国茶树害虫的天敌资源异常丰富,每一种害虫通常都有数种天敌同时对其起着有效的抑制作用。据不完全统计,我国茶树害虫的天敌约500种,其中许多是某类害虫的优势种。如七星瓢虫、黄斑盘瓢虫、异色瓢虫、中华草蛉、狭带食蚜蝇等是捕食茶蚜的优势种,红点唇瓢虫、台湾小瓢虫等是捕食长白蚧、椰圆蚧等的优势种,单白绒茧蜂和茶尺蠖绒茧蜂是寄生茶尺蠖幼     

蚜茧蜂对不同味源的选择性

用“Ｙ”型管嗅觉仪（定向选择）和培养皿（自由选择）法,观测了蚜茧蜂（Ａｐｈｉｄｉｕｓｓｐ．）对茶蚜危害的和非危害的茶树新梢及其不同部位、新梢提取物、茶蚜蜜露和几种非寄主植物材料的定向和选择行为。结果表明,只有茶蚜危害的茶树新梢（包括其不同部位）和茶蚜蜜露对蚜茧蜂有显著的引诱力,表现在蚜茧蜂对这些部位的搜索、停留、触角敲打和产卵管刺探等次数和时间明显增加,并且嗜食蜜露,而非危害的茶树相应部位和非寄主植物（如月季、小叶黄杨）则无明显的引诱作用。     

河南清丰棉田捕食性天敌发生情况调查分析

近几年来,随着农民生态意识的提高,棉田天敌量日益上升.根据清丰县测报站2000-2004年测报调查资料,对棉田捕食性天敌的发生规律及主要影响因子进行了分析。1天敌种类据调查,清丰县捕食性天敌主要有蜘蛛、瓢虫、捕食蝽、草蛉、食蚜蝇等,发生数量所占比例约为38%、32%、19%、3%、2%。其中蜘蛛的种类较多,主要有黄褐新园蛛、草间小黑蛛、三突花蛛等;瓢虫主要有七星瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫等;捕食蝽主要有小花蝽、华野姬猎蝽等;草蛉有中华草蛉和丽草蛉等;食蚜蝇以大灰食蚜蝇、长扁食蚜绳为主。2发生期5月初始发生天敌。在棉花的全生育期内共有…     

花生田种级昆虫群落结构及主要害虫与天敌相关性分析

为了摸清花生田种级昆虫群落结构，阐明主要害虫及天敌种间对应关系，明确主要害虫及潜在天敌种类，为花生害虫生物防治和生态调控奠定基础，通过采用传统形态、解剖和DNA条形码三种鉴定方法，对2016-2017年辽宁阜新花生田昆虫进行种级分类鉴定，解析昆虫群落结构，并对害虫优势种、常见种与天敌的发生动态及相关性进行分析。结果表明，辽宁阜新花生田昆虫种类丰富，群落结构比较稳定，害虫优势种为双斑萤叶甲(2 793±3头)和小绿叶蝉(1 725±341头),收集到对应天敌7种(1 477±184头)和19种(2 116±353头);害虫常见种花生蚜(826±110头),收集到天敌23种(2 656±353头),天敌种类丰富。天敌与害虫发生动态及相关性分析表明，与双斑萤叶甲显著相关的天敌是黑背毛瓢虫，与小绿叶蝉显著相关的天敌种类是龟纹瓢虫、叶色草蛉、大草蛉、异色瓢虫、大灰食蚜蝇、黑食蚜盲蝽和黑头叉胸花蝽；与花生蚜显著相关的是大灰食蚜蝇、烟蚜茧蜂、窄腹食蚜蝇、烟盲蝽和斜斑鼓额食蚜蝇。本研究阐明了阜新地区花生田昆虫群落结构稳定，天敌资源丰富；明确了双斑萤叶甲、小绿叶蝉和花生蚜的田间潜在控害天敌种类，在生产中...     

海南岛芒果树害虫天敌昆虫复合体的初步研究

记录了海南岛芒果树害虫的天敌昆虫25种。它们是捕食性天敌广腹螳螂、中华螳螂、叉角厉蝽、锥盾菱猎蝽、黄带犀猎蝽、南盲猎蝽、细缘唇瓢虫、六斑月瓢虫、丽草蛉、中华草蛉、亚非草蛉;寄生性天敌黄足大腿蜂、刺蛾广肩小蜂、粘虫广肩小蜂、黑褐金小蜂、夜蛾啮小蜂、尾夜蛾跳小蜂、叶蝉柄翅小蜂、刺蛾隆缘姬蜂、食蚜蝇姬蜂、刺蛾绒茧蜂、毒蛾绒茧蜂、黑斑茧蜂、善飞狭颊寄蝇及印度栉(虫扇)。对这些天敌的捕食或寄生对象、采集地及3种发生数量较多的寄生性天敌的形态及生物学特性亦作了记述。     

茶尺蠖幼虫寄生天敌—茶尺蠖绒茧蜂

茶尺蠖(Ectropis obliqua hypulina Wehrli)是我国主要的茶树害虫,夏秋季常在一些茶区暴发成灾,不仅造成茶叶减产,对茶叶品质及树势都有较严重的影响。茶尺蠖天敌的种类很多,有茶尺蠖绒茧蜂(Apanteles sp.)、单白绵绒茧蜂(Apanteles sp.)、茶尺蠖寄生蝇(Drino sp.)、斜纹猫蛛(Oxyopes sertafus L.)及线虫、蚂蚁、鸟、茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒、寄生真菌等。其中     

色板和茶蚜性信息素对茶园天敌草蛉的引诱效应

在秋季草蛉盛发时节,开展了芽绿、土黄、墨绿、素馨黄、果绿、橘黄、大红、桃红、湖蓝、紫色、天蓝和纯白等12种色板和7种茶蚜性信息素制剂对茶园天敌草蛉的引诱试验.结果表明,供试12种色板对草蛉的引诱力以芽绿、土黄、墨绿和素馨黄最强,纯白最差,但差异未达显著水平.在蚜虫性信息素荆芥内酯和荆芥醇按一定比例配制成7种茶蚜性信息素制剂对草蛉的诱集过程中,以荆芥内酯和荆芥醇之比为1:9时,对于中华草蛉和大草蛉的诱效最强,荆芥醇引诱效应显著.     

茶蚜趋色性及信息物质增进色板诱蚜效应研究

茶蚜广泛分布于我国茶区，刺吸危害茶树嫩梢。拟使用粘性色板诱捕之，减免施药。使用素馨黄、芽绿、土黄、桔黄、果绿、大红、纯白、紫色、湖蓝、天蓝、桃红和墨绿等12种粘性色板，经多年多点诱捕茶蚜，并在芽绿色板上附着不同种类和相互比例的茶梢信息物质引诱茶蚜。发现素馨黄和芽绿色彩对茶蚜的引诱力显著强于其它色彩，茶蚜具有显著的趋黄、绿习性；信息物质皆可增强色板对茶蚜的诱捕力，其中以C5、C6醇类、醛类和酯类等绿叶气味成分组成的混合物对色板增效作用最强，顺-3-己烯-1-醇次之、反-2-己烯醛和2-戊烯-1-醇又次之。认为：生长季节成蚜大量迁飞时使用携带绿叶气味诱芯的色板诱捕之，可有效压低其虫口密度。     

花生田蚜虫天敌初步调查与利用

蚜虫是花生开花下针期的主要害虫,发生严重时可减产10%-15%,其天敌主要有瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇等,在莱西市以瓢虫为主。防治蚜虫应搞好＂两查三定＂,以充分发挥天敌作用。实践证明,花生蚜防治指标可掌握在百墩蚜量千头左右,瓢蚜比为1∶100-150以下。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.