新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病浓缩灭活疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

为研制高效的新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病(NDRV)灭活疫苗,分别采用病毒尿囊液和浓缩后病毒尿囊液为抗原,经甲醛灭活处理后与常规油佐剂制成灭活疫苗,并进行种鸭免疫后血清学检测、雏鸭免疫保护及安全试验。结果表明,浓缩疫苗安全性好,能明显提高疫苗的免疫效果,高峰期抗体效价的免疫持续期比常规疫苗长;浓缩疫苗免疫雏鸭后的免疫保护性达100%。以上研究表明,NDRV浓缩疫苗安全、高效,在雏鸭上具有良好的免疫保护效果,具有良好的市场前景。     

Rationale for development of a synthetic vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Protective immunity against malaria can be obtained by vaccination with irradiated sporozoites. The protective antigens known as circumsporozoite (CS) proteins, are polypeptides that cover the surface membrane of the parasite. The CS proteins contain species-specific immunodominant epitopes formed by tandem repeated sequences of amino acids. Here it is shown that the dominant epitope of Plasmodium falciparum is contained in the synthetic dodecapeptide Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro-Asn-Ala-Pro or (NANP)3. Monoclonal antibodies and most or all polyclonal human antibodies to the sporozoites react with (NANP)3, and polyclonal antibodies raised against the synthetic peptide (NANP)3 react with the surface of the parasite and neutralize its infectivity. Since (NANP)3 repeats are present in CS proteins of P. falciparum from many parts of the world, this epitope is a logical target for vaccine development.     

荧光假单胞菌灭活疫苗对草鱼的免疫保护效应

从患病草鱼分离出荧光假单胞菌,制备甲醛灭活全菌苗、高温灭活全菌苗、可溶性蛋白及外膜蛋白疫苗。经腹腔注射草鱼后,研究这些疫苗的免疫保护作用。免疫后于不同时间采集血液,用试管凝集法测定血清抗体滴度。实验结果表明,上述疫苗均诱导较强的免疫应答。抗体峰值出现的先后顺序依次为可溶性蛋白组、外膜蛋白组、甲醛灭活全菌苗组及高温灭活全菌苗组;而抗体峰值从高到低依次为甲醛灭活全菌苗组、高温灭活全菌苗组、可溶性蛋白组及外膜蛋白组。细菌攻毒实验显示,4种疫苗免疫后均产生明显的保护效应。其中,高温灭活全菌苗相对保护率最高,达到75%,甲醛灭活全菌苗、外膜蛋白以及可溶性蛋白的相对保护率分别为70%,70%和65%,说明这些疫苗均可用于预防草鱼赤皮病。此外,实验亦显示血清抗体水平与疫苗保护效应并不完全一致。     

Protection against streptococcal pharyngeal colonization with a vaccinia: M protein recombinant

Phagocytosis of group A streptococci requires type-specific antibodies directed against the variable determinants of the bacterial surface M protein molecule. As a step toward developing a broadly protective anti-streptococcal vaccine, a vaccinia virus (VV) recombinant was constructed that expresses the conserved region of the structural gene encoding the M6 molecule (VV:M6'). Mice immunized intranasally with the VV:M6' virus showed markedly reduced pharyngeal colonization by streptococci after intranasal and oral challenge with these bacteria. M protein-specific serum immunoglobulin G was significantly elevated in vaccinated animals and absent in controls. A similar approach may prove useful for the identification of protective determinants present on other bacterial and viral pathogens.     

尼罗罗非鱼♀×萨罗罗非鱼人工 杂交卵子、精子形态观察

采集尼罗罗非鱼意伊萨罗罗非鱼杂交中人工挤压亲鱼腹部获得的卵子、精子。用光学显微镜和解剖镜 对卵子形态进行观察、拍照,比较分析不同成熟阶段卵子形状、卵径、表面色泽及卵黄颗粒积累特征,结果表明,未成 熟卵细胞呈椭圆形,表层布满细长血管;成熟卵细胞呈梨形,卵径0.5耀1.6 mm,外层有透明卵膜,充满金黄色卵黄颗 粒;过成熟卵细胞形状极不规则,卵黄颗粒开始液化。用扫描电镜对精子外形特征进行观察,发现正常精子由头部、 中片及尾部组成,头部呈长锥状,长径1.82（依0.35）滋m,宽径1.41（依0.34）滋m;中片近圆柱形、较短,长径0.74（依0.08） 滋m,宽径0.16（依0.06）滋m;尾部极长,为16.42（依0.35）滋m,单鞭毛结构;同时,还观察到短尾、双头、双尾3 种异常类 型。研究结果可为罗非鱼人工杂交技术改进提供一定基础依据。     

A formalin-inactivated whole SIV vaccine confers protection in macaques

A vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) would be highly effective in stopping the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. A comprehensive evaluation of potential vaccine methodologies can be made by means of the simian model for AIDS, which takes advantage of the similarities in viral composition and disease potential between simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques and HIV infection in humans. Immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole SIV vaccine potentiated with either alum and the Syntex adjuvant threonyl muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or MDP alone resulted in the protection of eight of nine rhesus monkeys challenged with ten animal-infectious doses of pathogenic virus. These results demonstrate that a whole virus vaccine is highly effective in inducing immune responses that can protect against lentivirus infection and AIDS-like disease.     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病灭活疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

鸭出血性坏死性肝炎是新型鸭呼肠孤病毒引起的危害养鸭业的一种新传染病。为防制该病,本研究以NDRV JM85株为种毒研制成油佐剂灭活苗,并通过免疫血清学检测及攻毒保护试验评价疫苗效果。结果表明,该疫苗安全性好,免疫原性强,麻鸭二免后28d产生较高的中和抗体,并能维持较长时间。种番鸭免疫后的子代雏番鸭具有一定的母源抗体,能够抵抗强毒的感染,可用于防制鸭新型呼肠孤病毒病。     

高致病性蓝耳病纯化灭活疫苗的研制(英文)

[目的]改进和提高现行高致病性蓝耳病(HR-PRRS)灭活疫苗的纯度和效价。[方法]该研究将经Marc-145细胞培养收获的HP-PRRS病毒原液超滤浓缩50倍,灭活后用Sepharose 4 Fast Flow分子筛柱层析,收集完整的病毒粒子,加油佐剂制成纯化HP-PRRS灭活疫苗。[结果]通过纯化可将HP-PRRS病毒与非病毒蛋白分开,纯化后测定病毒蛋白含量收率为76.7%~82.4%,杂蛋白含量去除率均为96%以上,且纯化疫苗的攻毒保护率达到4/5以上,血清抗体检测阳转率达86%以上,均高于未纯化灭活疫苗,差异显著。[结论]HR-PRRS病毒液经浓缩纯化制成疫苗后,增强了免疫效果,并可有效地去除杂蛋白,避免了疫苗的过敏反应和应激反应。     

禽流感高免卵黄抗体的研制与应用

用禽流感Ｈ９亚型油乳剂灭活苗多次免疫产蛋鸡,获得高免蛋,并禽流感高免卵黄液,在发病初期给禽流感病鸡肌注高免卵黄液,获得了满意的治疗效果。     

A synthetic conjugate polysaccharide vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b

Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date, however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens are produced synthetically. We describe the large-scale synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and clinical evaluation of a conjugate vaccine composed of a synthetic capsular polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The vaccine was evaluated in clinical trials in Cuba and showed long-term protective antibody titers that compared favorably to licensed products prepared with the Hib polysaccharide extracted from bacteria. This demonstrates that access to synthetic complex carbohydrate-based vaccines is feasible and provides a basis for further development of similar approaches for other human pathogens.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎重组亚单位疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫机制及其保护效力

 【目的】欲构建具有较好交叉免疫保护效果的多组分重组亚单位疫苗，从而为猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型疫苗的研制提供参考。【方法】 利用分子克隆和重组表达技术获得了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌6种主要毒力因子rApxI、rApxII、rApxIII、rApxIV、rApfa和rOMP。并设立以灭活苗（5×108cfu）为试验I组，以重组蛋白rApxI、rApxII、rApxIII和rOMP为试验II组，以rApxI、rApxII、rApxIII、rApxIV、rApfa和rOMP为试验III组，以PBS为空白对照组。分3次免疫BALB/c小鼠，每次间隔2周，第3次免疫后的第7天以APP1型（5×109cfu）和APP2型（5×1010cfu）进行攻毒保护试验。【结果】试验II组的4种抗体水平（ApxI、ApxII、ApxIII和OMP）和脾淋巴细胞诱生IL-2水平显著高于其它3组(P<0.05)，脾淋巴细胞增殖水平也一直高于其它3组(P>0.05)。且试验II组对APP1型保护作用（9/10）明显高于试验I组（6/10）、试验III组(5/10)和对照组（0/10），而对APP2型保护作用（无肺脏损伤）也明显优于其它3组（典型肺部损伤），显示出细胞免疫和体液免疫水平与免疫攻毒保护之间存在着正相关性。【结论】试验II组通过激活体液免疫和细胞免疫，对不同血清型APP的攻击提供了很好的交叉保护作用。     

免疫增强剂提高禽用二联苗免疫效力的研究

为评价免疫增强剂(VA5)对禽用联苗的免疫增强作用,将VA5分别与市售鸡新城疫-传染性法氏囊(新法)二联苗合用免疫SPF鸡和蛋鸡、与新城疫-H9亚型禽流感(新流)二联苗合用仅免疫SPF鸡,评价免疫后的抗体效价和SPF鸡攻毒后的保护效力。结果显示,SPF鸡或蛋鸡免疫含VA5的新法二联苗、新流二联苗后,新城疫血凝抑制(HI)抗体效价比常规苗组提前1周达到6 log2,禽流感HI抗体效价比常规苗组提前1周达到7 log2,法氏囊血清琼扩抗体和中和抗体比常规苗组均提前1周合格,且3种抗体持续高于常规疫苗组。免疫含VA5疫苗组的SPF鸡对新城疫强毒攻毒,以临床症状判断,可达全保护;以囊病变和临床症状判断,对法氏囊的攻毒提供全保护;H9变异株攻毒后不排毒。对上述3种病毒的保护力均高于常规苗。上述结果表明,VA5免疫增强剂能够提高鸡新法二联苗、新流二联苗对鸡的免疫效力,具有很好的应用前景。     

The Protection Efficacity of DNA Vaccine Encoding Hemagglutinin of H5 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus

The DNA vaccine pCIHA5 encoding hemagglutinin can protect SPF chicken against lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge. The more characters about its protection efficacity were studied. The protective rates in 10, 40, 70, 100 and 150μg groups immunized with pCIHA5 were 12.5 (1/8), 58.3 (7/12), 72.7 (8/11), 50.0 (6/12) and 66.7% (8/12), respectively. The protective rates in 5, 20, 35 and 50μg groups were 145.5 (5/11), 58.3 (7/12), 58.3 (7/12) and 91.7% (11/12), respectively. The 70, 100 and 5μg groups have virus shedding of 1/8, 2/6 and 1/5. Though the inactived oil-emulsion vaccine has high HI antibody titers and 100% protective rate, the AGP antibody could be detected after vaccination. Results show that the pCIHA5 is fit to boost by intramuscular injection. This would be useful to the study on gene engineering vaccine of avian influenza virus.     

Identification of vaccine candidates against serogroup B meningococcus by whole-genome sequencing

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial septicemia and meningitis. Sequence variation of surface-exposed proteins and cross-reactivity of the serogroup B capsular polysaccharide with human tissues have hampered efforts to develop a successful vaccine. To overcome these obstacles, the entire genome sequence of a virulent serogroup B strain (MC58) was used to identify vaccine candidates. A total of 350 candidate antigens were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and used to immunize mice. The sera allowed the identification of proteins that are surface exposed, that are conserved in sequence across a range of strains, and that induce a bactericidal antibody response, a property known to correlate with vaccine efficacy in humans.     

生物技术在鸡球虫免疫研究中的应用

就近几年开发的球虫疫苗和球虫免疫中所涉及的分子细胞生物学、分子免疫学和功能基因组学的相关技术进行了阐述。     

Protective efficacy of vaccination with NcMIC3 and NcMIC8 against Neospora caninum infection in mice

Microneme proteins (MICs) are important for Apicomplexan parasite invasion due to their adhesion to host cells. Several studies have indicated that Neospora caninum MIC3 and MIC8 are important adhesion factors and potential vaccine candidates against neosporosis. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant proteins and DNA vaccines of NcMIC3 and NcMIC8. BALB/c mice were immunized with rNcMIC3, rNcMIC8, pcDNA3.1-NcMIC3 and pcDNA3.1-NcMIC8 respectively, and challenged with N. caninum tachyzoites. The immune responses were evaluated through cytokine, antibody measurements and the parasite burden in the mice brain tissues. Serological analysis showed that recombinant protein vaccines induced higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) than other groups. The percentage of IgG1 and IgG2a in the recombinant protein groups was higher than the other groups, and with a predominance of IgG1 over IgG2a, suggesting that recombinant protein vaccines elicited a Th2-type immune response, while DNA vaccines mainly produce a Th1-type immune response. In addition, mice immunized with rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 a had lower parasite burden in brain tissue compared with the other groups. These results demonstrate that rNcMIC3 and rNcMIC8 could induce humoral and Th2-type immune response, leading to a considerable level of resistance against neosporosis.     

黄鳝出血病三联微胶囊口服疫苗制备及免疫效果研究

【目的】制备出能有效防御黄鳝出血病的三联微胶囊口服疫苗,促进黄鳝养殖业健康发展。【方法】以嗜水气单胞菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌及温和气单胞菌为抗原,海藻酸钠为壁材,利用乳化法制备三联微胶囊口服疫苗,然后直接拌入饵料对健康黄鳝进行口服免疫,7 d后进行加强免疫,测定各项血清免疫指标。加强免疫结束15 d后,经腹腔注射3种活菌(1.0×109 CFU/mL)进行攻毒试验,检验三联微胶囊口服疫苗对黄鳝的免疫保护率。【结果】制备获得的三联微胶囊口服疫苗的平均粒径为44.5μm,平均含菌量为4.56×109 CFU/mg。按0.4和0.6 g/kg的剂量口服免疫黄鳝,其血清补体C3含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清平均抗体效价分别为7.5949和11.0651,对应的免疫保护率为60%和65%,且0.6 g/kg剂量组的各项指标均高于0.4 g/kg剂量组。【结论】制备获得的三联微胶囊口服疫苗能显著提高黄鳝血清SOD、ACP活性及刺激血清补体C3产生,有效抵御由嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌和弗氏柠檬酸杆菌引起的出血病,生产使用时须进行加强免疫,并适当加大免疫剂量。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病油乳剂组织灭活苗的研制与免疫效果测定

选择自然发病鸡有典型病变之法氏囊．研制了油乳剂组织灭活苗,试验接种健康雏鸡第10、20、30、60、90和120天后,其血清AGP抗体阳性率分别为20％、50％、100％、100％、100％和70％。免疫后第60天攻击IBD强毒,保护率为100％,对鸡无毒副作用,室温保存12个月不影响免疫效果。     

创伤弧菌ISCOMs疫苗对欧洲鳗鲡细胞免疫的影响

应用创伤弧菌ISCOMs疫苗对欧洲鳗鲡进行腹腔注射免疫,免疫后35 d进行攻毒试验,结果表明,经免疫的欧洲鳗鲡相对存活率达75%,证实创伤弧菌ISCOMs疫苗具有较好的免疫保护性。对创伤弧菌ISCOM疫苗免疫后的欧洲鳗鲡细胞免疫水平的淋巴细胞进行转化试验,检测结果分析表明,试验组与对照组的淋转指数差异不显著,推测该疫苗诱导的免疫保护方式可能与细胞免疫保护无密切相关性。