鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒快速适应鸡胚成纤维细胞的研究

将鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的鸡胚组织毒或法氏囊组织毒直接在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上盲传3～13代后。能产生特征性细胞病变效应(CPE)。病毒在含65℃灭能30分钟的犊牛血清的细胞生长液制备的CEF上传代,比在含有56℃灭能的犊牛血清的生长液制备的CEF上传代能早3～5代出现CPE,而得到适应;鸡胚高代毒比鸡胚低代毒更易适应CEF;法氏囊组织毒和鸡胚低代毒对适应CEF的进程没有显著差异。     

鸡胚成纤维细胞的常用制备方法

在工业化生产和实验室中,常用鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken Embryo Fibroblast CEF)来进行某些病毒的复制。鸡胚成纤维细胞的制备需要将鸡胚以无菌手术取出,用机械的方法将鸡胚剪成小块;洗去红细胞后用胰蛋白酶消化,再采取一些方法将之分散成单细胞悬液;洗去胰蛋白酶,将细胞悬浮在生长液中,计算细胞悬液中的活细胞数(一般情况下,每毫升生长液中含1×10~6至1.5×10~6个活细胞适宜于静止培养,而转动培养则需要2×10~6/ml至3×10~6/ml),分装到合适的培养器内,置温箱或温室内让细胞     

鸡马立克氏病双价疫苗的研究 Ⅰ.马立克氏病SB-1病毒株在鸡胚皮肤细胞中的培养试验

以简便技术制备鸡胚皮肤(CES)细胞,进而进行了鸡马立克氏病(MD)SB-1株病毒适应于CES细胞和致CES细胞病变效应(CPE)的研究.试验表明,在形成CPE的细胞中可检出核内包涵体,MD的SB-1株病毒的CES细胞毒的蚀斑形成单位(pfu)为105.7201-7.2122/m L.本研究为以后用CES细胞增殖SB-1株病毒以代替鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)制造疫苗提供了依据.     

鸭肝炎病毒A66弱毒株在鸡胚成纤维细胞上的培养

将鸡胚致弱的鸭肝炎病毒 ( DH V) A6 6 株接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞 ( CEF)进行细胞培养 ,通过对细胞培养物进行病毒滴度测定、鸡胚中和试验和电镜检查 ,证明了 DHV A6 6 毒株能够在 CEF上增殖。试验还表明 ,犊牛血清对 DH V增殖具有明显的抑制作用。此外 ,还根据细胞培养物病毒滴度测定结果绘制出了病毒在 CEF上的生长曲线。     

分子修饰前后人参皂苷体外抗马立克氏病毒鸡胚成纤维细胞模型的建立

用雏鸡将马立克氏病毒(MDV)血毒复壮,分离发病鸡淋巴细胞并接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞,观察其病变。获得适应鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的MD强毒,通过电镜观察、琼脂扩散实验进一步鉴定病毒,并建立了MDV感染CEF细胞模型,为研究人参皂苷及其衍生物的体外抗病毒作用及其机制奠定基础。     

马立克氏病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞模型的建立

用雏鸡将马立克氏病毒（MDV）血毒复壮,分离发病鸡淋巴细胞并接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞,观察其病变。获得适应鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的MD强毒,通过电镜观察、琼脂扩散实验进一步鉴定病毒,并建立了MDV感染CEF细胞模型,为研究人参皂苷及其衍生物的体外抗病毒作用及其机制奠定基础。     

利用鸡胚成纤维细胞培养禽脑脊髓炎病毒的研究

利用鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF)培养禽脑脊髓炎病毒 (AEV) ,经过六次盲传发现 :AEV在 CEF上无细胞病变 (CPE) ,但利用 CEF细胞上清接种 SPF鸡胚 ,可产生不同程度的 AE鸡胚病变。分别取不同时间的感染细胞上清 ,测定 AEV浓度 ,结合培养条件 ,进而确定 AEV培养的最佳时机。结果表明 :以 AEV在 CEF上培养 7天最好 ,病毒滴度可达 10 2 .8EID50 / 0 .2 ml。将经 CEF培养的 AEV差速离心 (浓缩约 5 0 0倍 ) ,接种 SPF鸡胚 ,可产生典型的鸡胚病变 ,其滴度为 8× 10 5.0 EID50 / 0 .2 m l。通过 Cs Cl密度梯度离心提纯病毒 ,在电镜下观察到了大小基本一致的病毒粒子 ,病毒直径约为 2 5 nm。利用 AEV感染的 CEF或通过“细胞飞片”制备荧光片 ,建立了间接免疫荧光快速检验 CEF是否感染 AEV的方法。     

不同制备方法对鸡胚成纤维细胞产量的影响

采用传统法、半胚法和全胚法制备鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）单层，在同等条件下均以成纤维细胞为主，并伴有少量的上皮细胞，仅有全胚法含有极少量的肝细胞；培养时细胞贴壁和生长状况3种方法无明显差异（P＞0.05)；CEF的产量，半胚法明显高于其他2种方法。     

中药黄芩苷对鸡胚成纤维细胞的安全浓度和生长的影响

为了研究中药黄芩中有效成分黄芩苷对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)生长的影响,应用细胞病变观察法(CPE)观察黄芩苷对CEF细胞生长的影响,并采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定黄芩苷对鸡胚成纤维细胞的最大安全浓度。黄芩苷浓度在312.5μg/m L时为最大安全浓度,低于此浓度时黄芩苷能促进CEF的贴壁及生长,细胞生长良好,呈梭形,折光性强。结果表明,黄芩苷在中、低浓度能促进CEF细胞的贴壁和生长且对CEF细胞的作用都具有时效性,应用细胞病变观察法与MTT法,最终得出黄芩苷对CEF的最大安全浓度为312.5μg/m L。     

鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒活疫苗生产工艺改进试验

优化鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)培养鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒细胞苗的生产工艺中,采用同步接毒法即在制备鸡胚成纤维细胞时同时接毒和异步接毒法即鸡胚成纤维细胞形成单层以后接毒,两种方法进行对比。结果以同步接毒法可以降低生产成本,缩短细胞培养的时间,简化工艺。     

Growth of serotypes I and II and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus in Vero cells

The growth of five strains of infectious bursal disease virus--three strains of serotype I (SAL, D-78, 2512), one of serotype II (OH), and one variant strain (Variant-A)--were compared in Vero and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell cultures in order to characterize the replication of different strains of IBDV in Vero cells. For all five virus strains, the latent period in Vero cells ranged from 12 to 18 hr, which was longer than the 4-to-6-hr latent period observed in CEF cultures for strains SAL, D-78, and OH. Virus strains SAL, D-78, and OH, which were examined in both Vero and CEF cultures, also had a more extensive maturation phase and higher yields of virus in Vero than in CEF cultures. Total titers of these viruses of 5.35 to 6.10 log10 TCID50/ml in CEFs occurred 24 to 30 hr postinoculation (PI), although the cytopathic effect (CPE) was not seen until 72 hr PI. By comparison, their total infectious virus titers of 6.85 to 8.35 log10 TCID50/ml in Vero cells occurred from 48 hr PI, coinciding with the appearance of CPE. The growth curve of Variant-A in Vero cells differed from the other viruses by showing steadily rising extracellular and cell-associated virus titers throughout the 72-hr observation period. Only very low titers of Variant-A were obtained in CEF cultures, and thus no growth curve in CEFs was performed.     

不同细胞培养基细胞培养动力学比较试验

应用宜兴赛尔生物化工厂产１９９、Ｆ－１０、１６４０和ＤＭＥＭ细胞培养基与美国Ｓｉｇｍａ公司产１９９、Ｆ－１０、１６４０和ＤＭＥＭ细胞培养基分别配制细胞培养液，培养ＳＰ２／０和Ｖｅｒｏ细胞系及原代鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ），做细胞培养动力学比较试验。比较这两种来源的细胞培养基对细胞生长的形态、分裂速度及鸡马立克氏病毒（Ｍａｒｅｋ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｖｉｒｕｓ．ＭＤＶ）疫苗毒株ＨＶＴ－ＦＣ１２６和ＲｉｓｐｅｎｓＣＶＩ９８８在ＣＥＦ单层上增殖量的差异。研究结果表明，四种国产细胞培养基与对应的四种进口培养基对细胞生长及病毒增殖的影响无显著差异     

Adaptation of Marek's disease virus to the Vero continuous cell line

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly infectious, cell-associated oncogenic herpesvirus. Production of MD vaccines has been limited to primary chicken and duck embryo fibroblast (CEF and DEF) cultures. These have a limited life span and cannot be readily stored in liquid nitrogen. Moreover, the need to prepare CEF and DEF cells on a regular basis from 10 to 11 day-old embryos derived from a flock that must be tested continuously for the presence of avian pathogens adds to the cost of vaccine production. A continuous cell line that would support MDV replication could have significant advantages for the rapid large-scale preparation of MD vaccines. In this report, we describe the adaptation to growth of CEF-grown preparations of serotype 1 and serotype 3 (herpesvirus of turkeys; HVT) strains of MDV in cells of the Vero continuous cell line. Although both viruses produced typical CPE, higher levels of infectious progeny and more extensive virus-specific immunofluorescence were obtained for HVT than for the serotype 1 virus. PCR and pulsed field electrophoresis (PFE) analysis of the DNA from Vero cells infected with either virus confirmed the presence of virus-specific DNA.     

Improved preparation of ELISA antigen of infectious bursal disease virus.

Serotype 1 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) adapted to chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) was used for the preparation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen. After several passages of diluted viruses in CEF cultures, the titer of seed virus increased to 1.2 x 10(8) plaque-forming units/ml. Purified virus prepared from this seed virus had high titers of antigen and was less nonspecific than that from low titer of seed virus in an ELISA. The nonspecific reaction of purified virus decreased further after treatment with Triton X-100. When the specificity of this treated antigen was examined with specific-pathogen-free chicken sera before and during lay and with 14 antisera to some major avian viruses, this ELISA antigen had no nonspecific reaction and was specific to antibodies to serotypes 1 and 2 of IBDV.     

Isolation and propagation of infectious bursal disease virus using the ovine kidney continuous cell line.

Twenty-six samples known to contain infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were examined by virus-isolation attempts on ovine kidney (OK) cell line, Vero cell line, and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures. Virus was isolated from two of 26 samples, three of 26 samples, and three of 25 samples on OK, Vero, and CEF cultures, respectively. However, in contrast to IBDV replication in Vero and CEF cultures, isolated virus was unable to induce serially sustained cytopathic effects (CPE) during successive passages in the OK cell line, unless cell lysates were treated with chloroform between every other passage. The cytopathogenicity of the untreated virus passaged in OK cells was revived and maintained upon passage in Vero cells. An initial single passage of laboratory or field material in OK cells followed by further passages in Vero cells resulted in virus isolation from six of 26 samples, which was better virus recovery than when either cell line was used alone or when CEF cultures were used. Twenty of the 26 test samples were originally positive when examined by nucleic acid hybridization with radiolabeled IBDV cDNA, indicating that some of the samples that were negative upon virus isolation using OK and Vero cells may have contained inactivated virus.     

应用鸡胚成纤维细胞培养鸡痘病毒

用丹麦产ＮＵＮＣ一次性细胞培养瓶,１９９培养基加小牛血清培养鸡胚成纤维细胞,结果显示,细胞生长快,贴壁良好,２４ｈ单层细胞即长满瓶底,无卷边脱落现象发生。将在鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上适应了的鸡痘病毒接种鸡胚成纤维细胞,４ｄ后细胞出现预期的典型病变,并且可见大量多核巨细胞形成,证明鸡痘病毒具有诱发细胞融合的功能,而且说明,用鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖鸡痘病毒,可获得数量可观的病毒粒子。将细胞毒回归鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜,形     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to Marek's disease virus

A reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Marek's disease virus (MDV)-infected cells for the detection of antibodies to MDV is described. The optimum number of MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) was 5 X 10(4)/well, and test sera were positive at 1:400 dilutions. Compared with a purified virus preparation, MDV-infected CEF produced high specific and low nonspecific reactivities. Wells coated with whole cells could be stored at 4 C or -20 C for at least 3 months without loss of reactivity. With antibody-negative sera, the cutoff absorbency was 0.20 units. The ELISA was 20-to-40-fold more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence. Homologous combinations of antisera in wells coated with CEF infected with different MDV serotypes were more reactive at higher dilutions than were heterologous combinations. The procedure described is specific and suitable for large-scale screening of both chicken and monoclonal antibodies against MDV.     

鸡全胚成纤维细胞在鸡痘细胞活疫苗生产中的应用

采用鸡胚全部组织(全胚法)制备鸡胚成纤维单层细胞和采用鸡胚部分组织(常规法)制备鸡胚成纤维单层细胞生产了鸡痘细胞活疫苗,接毒后均产生大量的感染多核细胞和典型细胞融合性病变(胡椒粒样).鸡胚效价检测表明,鸡痘细胞苗和鸡痘组织苗均可引起鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜水肿、增厚或痘斑,但鸡痘细胞苗产生痘斑数量明显高于鸡痘组织苗.鸡体刺种结果表明,鸡痘细胞苗诱发的免疫反应(发痘)好于鸡痘组织苗;与常规法相比,全胚成纤维单层细胞制备方法可提高鸡胚利用率2倍以上.全胚法也可应用于制备其他鸡成纤维细胞疫苗.     

共表达鸡IL-6和H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因重组鸡痘病毒的遗传稳定性研究

为评价共表达鸡IL-6和H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-AH5AIL6)的遗传稳定性,本研究将其接种CEF,绘制生长曲线.结果显示,该重组病毒与亲本病毒的生长速度及蚀斑大小一致;在CEF 连续培养20代,取第0代、5代、10代、20代重组病毒PCR扩增HA和Ⅱ-6基因进行鉴定,显示HA基因无核苷酸突变,IL-6基因在第20代时有1个氨基酸发生突变,但不影响该蛋白的功能区;间接免疫荧光试验证明所选代次病毒均能够表达HA蛋白,RT-PCR试验表明各代次病毒均可以表达鸡IL-6基因;通过蓝斑鉴定重组病毒纯度,结果显示所有蚀斑均为蓝斑.因此,该重组鸡痘病毒具有良好的遗传稳定性,符合兽医生物制品的生产要求.