犬眠宝特异复苏剂—QFS合剂复苏效果的实验研究

QFS合剂是为颉颃犬专用麻醉剂--犬眠宝而研制的,其临床效果直接影响犬眠宝麻醉犬时的用药安全,直接影响麻醉犬的术后顺利康复.所以试验全面监测了QFS合剂的复苏效果及对麻醉犬循环、呼吸和脑功能的影响,客观地评价本合剂的有效性及优越性.     

QFM麻醉合剂对犬麻醉效果的观察

1926年，Lundy首次提出了平衡麻醉的概念，1954年Little和Stephen又进一步丰富了平衡麻醉（balanced anesthesia）或现在统称的全凭静脉麻醉（Total intravenous anesthesia）的概念。此后随着科学不断进步，新的麻醉药物、器械、仪器的相继问世，新的理论和技术的不断提出和应用，各手术学科的发展对麻醉的要求亦不断提高，所以平衡复合麻醉的研究和应用日益普遍．形成现代临床麻醉学发展的大趋势。在动物医学领域亦是如此，复合麻醉是近年来动物麻醉的研究方向，有关动物平衡麻醉的研究国外虽有报道，但效果远未达到平衡麻醉的要求，国内尚无有关动物平衡麻醉的研究。但是，动物麻醉必须经济廉价、使用方便、麻醉效果确实、副作用低、安全范围广。尤其是动物的野性和非驯化性，难以实现吸入麻醉和静脉麻醉，这就要求动物医学工作者根据学科发展和临床实践的需要，研究适合于动物肌肉注射，能一针见效的平衡麻醉复合制剂。而当前的复合麻醉剂要么麻醉效果不好，要么毒副作用大，生理功能影响严重，很难满足临床实践的要求。本课题组为适应形势需求，依据平衡麻醉理论和犬的生理特点研制出的犬专用平衡复合麻醉制剂QFM合剂。本试验就是进行QFM合剂对犬的麻醉效果的验证。     

动物全身麻醉剂——846麻醉合剂的组合研究

选用高效镇痛药双氢埃托啡(DHM_(99)),强镇静、安定和肌松药保定宁、氟哌啶醇,进行了动物麻醉合剂的组合研究。通过正交试验筛选出最优组合为每毫升合保定宁60mg、DHM_(99)4μg和氟哌啶醇2.5mg(暂称为846麻醉合剂),其镇痛、镇静和肌肉松弛作用均显著地优于其他组合合剂。此合剂与单剂量的效应关系属于明显增强作用,既减少了各单药剂量,又降低了各单药的毒副反应,增大了安全性。     

犬用复合麻醉剂QFM合剂对犬循、环呼吸系统功能影响的研究

QFM合剂是一种新型的犬用复合麻醉制剂。为了验证其对犬生理功能的影响，本试验通过用QFM合剂以0.15-0.2mL/kg体重剂量对7条犬进行麻醉，用Detax循环监护仪、De-tax呼吸监护仪和SJ-42型生理多道记录仪对麻醉前后犬的循环、呼吸系统功能进行监测。结果证明：QFM麻醉合剂对机体的循环、呼吸系统功能影响轻微。     

不同麻醉方法在犬剖腹产手术的临床效果

为探究不同麻醉方法对犬剖腹产手术的应激效果及仔犬的生活容态。本试验采用846合剂全身麻醉、普鲁卡因硬膜外腔麻醉及846合剂与普鲁卡因联合麻醉对怀孕期满的犬进行剖腹产手术,在剖腹产手术的麻醉前(T1)、切开腹壁(T2)、手术30min(T3)、手术完(T4)、术后24h(T5)、术后48h(T6)进行静脉采血,检测血浆皮质酮和血糖含量,比较术后幼犬平均日增重及生活容态。结果表明:846麻醉组和硬膜外麻醉组血浆皮质醇质量浓度在T2⁶这5个时期显著高于自然分娩组和联合麻醉组(P<0.05),联合麻醉组仅在T3时血浆皮质醇质量浓度显著高于自然分娩组(P<0.05);846麻醉组和硬膜外麻醉组血糖质量浓度在T26这5个时期显著高于自然分娩组和联合麻醉组(P<0.05),联合麻醉组仅在T3时血浆皮质醇质量浓度显著高于自然分娩组(P<0.05);846麻醉组和硬膜外麻醉组血糖质量浓度在T2⁶时期均显著高于自然分娩组及联合麻醉组(P<0.05),联合麻醉组仅在T36时期均显著高于自然分娩组及联合麻醉组(P<0.05),联合麻醉组仅在T3⁴时期显著高于自然分娩组(P<0.05);联合麻醉组中的幼犬增重、生活容态与自然分娩时幼犬最接近,846麻醉组效果较差,硬膜外麻醉组效果最差。本研究证明846合剂与普鲁卡因硬膜外腔联合麻醉方法能够更有效缓解犬剖腹产手术的应激反应。     

OFM合剂与846和眠乃宁对犬麻醉效果的对比研究

QFM合剂以0.15～0.2 ml/kg,眠乃宁以0.03～0.04ml/kg,846合剂以0.3～0.4ml/kg剂量颈部肌肉注射对犬实施全身麻醉,进行麻醉效果比较.麻醉期间,以Datex循环呼吸监护仪进行循环呼吸功能监测,并进行一般临床效果观察.结果发现,QFM合剂麻醉诱导期为6.5±1.5min,麻醉期为89.1±23.6min.眠乃宁诱导期为7.3±0.7min,麻醉期为26±8min,846合剂麻醉诱导期为7.5±1.6,麻醉期为35±4.1min;QFM合剂对犬具有麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡,且诱导平稳迅速;而846合剂和眠乃宁要么麻醉时间短,要么麻醉效果不确实,但加大用药剂量则又严重威协动物的生命,且有严重的副反应.     

846麻醉合剂的催醒剂的实验研究

采用在846合剂麻醉大鼠体内预筛选和在犬体内进行催醒对比实验的方法,从育亨宾、4—氨基吡啶(4—AP)、环丙羟丙吗啡,妥拉苏林,氨茶碱、idazoxan等6种单药及其相互配伍中,筛选出4—AP与氨茶硷复合液(每毫升含4—AP6.0mg,氨茶硷90.0mg)为846合剂的催醒合剂。进一步观察了此催醒合剂对846合剂麻醉牛的催醒效果、对846合剂麻醉犬EEG、ECG、动脉血压和呼吸的作用以及对麻醉绵羊瘤胃、网胃放电活动的影响。实验结果表明,此催醒合剂具有如下特点:(1)对846合剂麻醉动物有良好催醒作用,醒后无异常反应,无复睡,对犬和牛的催醒剂量分别为0.1ml/kg和0.06ml/kg;(2)在846合剂过量时,可作为主要的急救药品;(3)使动物EEG的变化和动物觉醒状态一致;(4)具有升高血压,加快心率,增强呼吸的作用;(5)可促进绵羊瘤胃、网胃电活动。初步认为,此催醒合剂可作为846合剂安全、有效的催醒剂用于临床。     

QFM合剂麻醉剂量对犬肝、肾功能的影响

QFM合剂是一种新型的犬用复合麻醉制剂。本试验旨在研究其对犬肝、肾功能的影响。试验用7条犬肌肉注射QFM合剂0．15～0．2mL(每千克体质量)，观察比较了注药前、后犬血清GOT、GPT、AKP活性和尿素氮、肌酐含量的变化。结果证明：注药前、后犬血清GOT、GPT、AKP活性和尿素氮、肌酐含量的变化差异不显著，在正常生理范围内。说明QFM合剂应用于犬的麻醉，时犬的肝、肾功能无明显不良影响，进一步证明了QFM合剂应用于犬的临床安全性。     

不同麻醉方法下剖腹产术对母犬血浆皮质醇的影响

通过犬的剖腹产手术,观察在不同麻醉方法下,犬手术期的血浆皮质醇的动态变化,来探讨不同麻醉方法下犬剖腹产术对机体的内在损伤及机体恢复情况的影响。试验将杂种宠物母犬分为自然分娩对照组和3个麻醉组。结果表明,846合剂麻醉组和硬膜外麻醉组的血浆皮质醇浓度在各时期均显著高于自然分娩组和联合麻醉组(P<0.05);联合麻醉组的血浆皮质醇浓度仅在T3时显著高于自然分娩组(P<0.05),在手术的其他时期都无显著差异(P>0.05),说明联合麻醉组可以有效缓解手术创伤应激引起的血浆皮质醇过度分泌。     

OFM合剂与846和眠乃宁对犬麻醉效果的对比研究

QFM合剂以0.15～0.2ml/kg,眠乃宁以0.03～0.04ml/kg,846合剂以0.3～0.4ml/kg剂量颈部肌肉注射对犬实施全身麻醉,进行麻醉效果比较。麻醉期间,以Datex循环呼吸监护仪进行循环呼吸功能监测,并进行一般临床效果观察。结果发现,QFM合剂麻醉诱导期为6.5±1.5min,麻醉期为89.1±23.6min。眠乃宁诱导期为7.3±0.7min,麻醉期为26±8min,846合剂麻醉诱导期为7.5±1.6,麻醉期为35±4.1min;QFM合剂对犬具有麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡,且诱导平稳迅速;而846合剂和眠乃宁要么麻醉时间短,要么麻醉效果不确实,但加大用药剂量则又严重威协动物的生命,且有严重的副反应。     

减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500抗冻保护剂的优化研究

本试验旨在优化减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500抗冻保护剂，提高工程菌C500的存活率。通过单因素试验考察了4种类型的抗冻保护剂（渗透性、半渗透性、非渗透性保护剂及抗氧化剂）对工程菌C500冷冻保存前后存活率的影响，各保护剂设置不同的浓度并与工程菌C500等体积混合，于液氮中保存2周后进行平板计数以计算其成活率，初步筛选出最有利于菌种保存的渗透性保护剂、半渗透性保护剂、非渗透性保护剂和抗氧化剂及其最佳保护浓度，最后将筛选出的4种保护剂进行四因素三水平的正交试验以得出最佳的组合配方。单因素试验的结果表明，渗透性保护剂中乙二醇、半渗透性保护剂中蔗糖、非渗透性保护剂中聚乙烯吡络烷酮（PVP）及抗氧化剂中甘氨酸对工程菌C500的保护作用最佳，最佳保存浓度分别为15%、6%、6%和0.25%；正交试验结果表明，各因素均对工程菌C500的存活率有显著影响，筛选出的最佳组合配方为17%乙二醇、9.0%蔗糖、6.0% PVP、0.35%甘氨酸，最佳组合在-80 ℃的保存效果最佳，此温度下保存6周存活率可达88.34%，其次为液氮组、-20 ℃组及4 ℃组。这表明本试验得到的保护剂配方极大地提高了工程菌C500的抗冻能力，使其存活率大大提高。     

Optimization of Cryoprotectant for Attenuated Salmonella Cholerae C500

The purpose of this study was to optimize the antifreeze protectant of attenuated Salmonella Cholerae C500 and improve the survival rate of C500.The effect of four types of cryoprotectant (permeating,semi-permeating,non-permeating cryoprotectants and antioxidants) on the survival rate of C500 before and after cryopreservation was investigated by single factor test.Each cryoprotectant was set at different concentrations and mixed in equal volume of C500.After two weeks of cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen,becteria plate count was carried out to calculate the survival rate,and the best one of the permeating cryoprotectant,semi-permeating cryoprotectant,non-permeating cryoprotectant and antioxidants and their optimal concentrations were beneficial to the preservation of bacteria was initially selected.Finally,the four protectors selected were tested by orthogonal test of four factors and three levels to get the optimal combination formula.The results of single factor test showed that the best permeating,semi-permeating,non-permeating cryoprotectants and antioxidants were glycol,sucrose,PVP and glycine,and the corresponding preservation concentrations were 15%,6%,6% and 0.25%,respectively.The orthogonal test showed that each factor had a significant impact on the survival rate of C500.The optimal combination formula was 17% glycol,9.0% sucrose,6.0% PVP and 0.35% glycine.The optimal combination had the optimal effect at -80 ℃,the survival rate was 88.34% in 6 weeks,followed by liquid nitrogen group,-20 ℃ group and 4 ℃ group.The results showed that the formulation of the protective agent obtained in this experiment greatly improved the antifreeze ability of C500 and its survival rate.     

Chemical restraint and anaesthetic effects of a tiletamine-zolazepam/ketamine/detomidine combination in cattle

The immobilisation and anaesthesia of free-ranging cattle requires the administration of appropriate drugs in small volume via rifle or dart. The objective of this randomised controlled study was to test the capacity of a concentrated combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ), ketamine (K) and detomidine (D) (TZKD) to immobilise/anaesthetise calves. Following administration of low, medium and high doses of TZKD to six healthy animals IM, the time-of-onset and duration of anaesthesia were recorded, in addition to standard cardio-respiratory parameters. Two noxious stimuli were applied to assess the analgesic effect of the combination. TZKD produced a dose-dependent anaesthetic action associated with respiratory depression and moderate hypoxaemia. Total recumbency lasted from 1h (with low dose) to 2h (with medium and high doses). The findings indicate that TZKD induces anaesthesia in calves, suitable not only for animal immobilisation, but also to carry out minor surgical procedures with or without additional local analgesia. Respiratory depression was the most severe side-effect and careful patient monitoring is recommended when using this drug combination.     

Preanaesthetic blood tests in cats and dogs older than 8 years: anaesthetists’ prediction and peri-anaesthetic changes

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anaesthetist’s ability to predict abnormalities in preanaesthetic blood test results obtained from cats and dogs older than 8 years and to describe the impact of these preanaesthetic blood test results on the American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, anaesthetic protocol and procedures.Study designObservational, prospective, clinical multi-centre study.AnimalsA total of 333 cats and dogs.MethodsAfter a clinical examination and review of the animal´s clinical history the anaesthetist completed the first part of a set of questions including ASA status and anticipated abnormalities in blood tests. After this, blood results were presented, and the anaesthetist completed the second part of the set of questions, including changes in ASA status or anaesthetic protocol, and procedure delay or cancellation. Preanaesthetic blood tests included: haematocrit, total proteins, electrolytes, glucose, lactate, urea and creatinine. Examiners were classified as senior clinicians, clinicians, anaesthesia residents or nurses, and interns. For statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe ASA status increased in three dogs and one cat (1.2%); in two of them abnormalities were not expected by the examiner. The anaesthetic protocol changed in seven animals (2.1%); the most common change related to fluid therapy. Anaesthesia was delayed in two dogs (0.6%) to administer intravenous fluid therapy. No cases were cancelled. Abnormalities were more commonly found [37 out of 58 assessments (approximately 64%)] when the anaesthetist predicted them compared to when they were unexpected [49 of 275 assessments (approximately 18%); p < 0.001].Conclusions and clinical relevanceRoutine non-targeted blood tests in cats and dogs older than 8 years led to few changes in the anaesthetic management, and anaesthetists correctly predicted blood test results in most cases.     

脂肪酸组合对体外瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸的影响

为研究长链脂肪酸组合对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的影响，并得出最优脂肪酸组合及添加水平，试验选取硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸及α-亚麻酸4种脂肪酸因子，设置0.5%、1.0%、1.5%等3个水平进行L₉（3⁴）正交试验，其中Ⅰ~Ⅸ组为试验组、Ⅹ组为对照组，各处理均设3个重复。以3头瘤胃瘘管山羊为瘤胃液供体进行体外发酵试验，测定各组培养液VFA 24 h内的动态变化。结果显示，各组的总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度总体上呈先上升后下降再上升的波动变化趋势。其中在6 h时Ⅶ组TVFA浓度最高。乙酸/丙酸比值总体呈下降趋势，6 h前下降较快，6 h后趋于平缓。丁酸摩尔百分比在7.97%~15.41%间变动。主成分与最优组合分析表明，TVFA浓度影响的主次顺序为亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、α-亚麻酸；以添加1.5%硬脂酸、0.5%油酸、1.5%亚油酸、0.5%α-亚麻酸时组合效应最好。     

正交试验对佛甲草屋顶建坪基质的筛选

应用正交试验对深圳屋顶绿化新种——佛甲草的屋顶建坪基质进行了研究。结果表明,佛甲草屋顶建坪基 质的最优组合是A3B3C3D1,即泥炭:花泥:沙:椰糠为3:3:3:1(体积比)的配方是佛甲草屋顶建坪的最优基质。     

基于AHP-CRITIC优选清热灵口服液提取工艺

通过比较层次分析法(AHP)、基于指标相关性的权重赋权法(CRITIC)、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定指标权重系数，并对正交试验各组指标成分(黄芩苷、连翘苷、出膏率)进行综合评分比较，优选清热灵口服液的提取工艺。结果显示AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺为清热灵口服液处方药材10倍加水量，提取2次，每次提取时间为1.5 h, 3次重复性验证试验指标成分黄芩苷、连翘苷的平均含量分别为3.2、0.12 mg/mL,平均出膏率为36.36%。AHP-CRITIC混合加权法结合正交试验确定清热灵口服液的提取工艺稳定可行，可用于产业化生产。     

The DC-recorded dog electroretinogram in ketamine-medetomidine anaesthesia

A new selective alpha 2-adre-noreceptor agonist, medetomidine hydrochloride was combined with low dosage ketamine hydrochloride and vecuronium bromide for d.c. (direct current) recordings of fast electroretinographic (ERG) components in nine ophthalmoscopically healthy dark adapted dogs. The dogs were tracheally intubated and manually ventilated. They were given full field single flash stimuli of different intensities starting with near b-wave threshold blue light (tests 1-3), followed by white light (tests 4-6) and 30 Hz photopic flicker (test 7). The a- and b-wave amplitudes and flicker responses were measured from the base line. The latencies were measured from the stimulus moment to the highest point of the different waves.Statistical analysis of results gave individual differencies which had a good constancy. This showed that the dogs had an individual ERG profile according to the standardized method. The latencies varied very little as expected, but the amplitudes differed individually and showed a good constancy as seen by reproducibility tests made nine to ten days later on three of the dogs’ ipsilateral eyes. The combination of drugs used in this study was considered suitable for short term (10-12 minutes) stable d.c.–ERG recordings in dogs as the rod and cone responses had higher amplitudes when compared to an identical examination made with other anaesthetic combinations on the same dogs.Involuntary eye movements and other involuntary muscular activity caused by ketamine in dogs were negligible when using medetomidine premedication and was completely absent when using vecuronium.The anaesthetic method described can be recommended for ambulatory ERG recordings in dogs because of the above mentioned advantages.     

青海高原早熟禾有益内生真菌营养生理特性的初步研究

禾草有益内生真菌是一种极具开发潜力的真菌,本实验从碳源、氮源、无机盐(Na Cl、Mg SO4·7H2O)、生长因子,单因子、正交这五个实验对禾草内生真菌进行摇床培养,p H均为自然。单因子实验培养选出最佳碳源为可溶性淀粉,其次为蔗糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇;最佳氮源为蛋白胨,其次为酵母膏、硝酸钾、硫酸铵;无机盐中Na Cl最佳浓度为2.5g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O最佳浓度为0.75g/L,最适生长因子是麸皮;通过正交实验研究了有益内生真菌营养生理特性液体培养基配方,筛选出适宜有益内生真菌菌丝体生长的最佳液体培养基配方为可溶性淀粉25 g/L,蛋白胨6g/L,Na Cl2.5 g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O0.5g/L。     

抗马链球菌马亚种组方加味优选及其体内抑菌作用研究

【目的】筛选可抑制马腺疫主要致病菌——马链球菌马亚种的最优中药组方,为临床马腺疫的防治提供参考。【方法】选用赤芍、大黄、山豆根等27种中药,首先通过体外抑菌试验(牛津杯法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)、联合药敏试验)结合L₈(2⁶)正交试验初步筛选抗马链球菌马亚种中药组方的最佳优选因素,再通过L₁₈(3⁶)正交试验进一步筛选基础组方最佳配比;最后在基础组方的基础上,根据中兽医方剂配伍理论,添加黄芪和当归2味补虚药,通过马腺疫小鼠模型体内抑菌试验筛选加味组方配比,结合组方保护率结果及组织脏器病理变化验证加味组方的体内抑菌作用。【结果】试验筛选出了马链球菌马亚种超敏和高敏的7味中药：浙贝母、赤芍、甘草、大黄、雪白睡莲、山豆根和苦参。大黄、雪白睡莲、山豆根、甘草、苦参和浙贝母的MIC分别为0.078、0.078、0.125、0.156、0.156和0.250 mg/mL。雪白睡莲、赤芍、山豆根、甘草、大黄、苦参和浙贝母的MBC分别为0.078、0.125、0.125、0.156、0.15...