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1.
Adverse reactions to food or dietary hypersensitivity are frequently seen problems in companion animal medicine and may be difficult to differentiate from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dietary hypersensitivity can be divided into two subgroups: immunological and nonimmunological problems. Non-immunological problems can be subdivided into food intolerance, food poisoning, and dietary indiscretion. The immunological group can be subdivided into true food allergy (IgE mediated) and anaphylaxis (non-IgE mediated). This article gives an outline of what dietary hypersensitivity is, and more specifically food allergy and how to deal with patients with possible dietary hypersensitivity. 相似文献
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L. J. Filippich 《The Journal of small animal practice》1992,33(4):191-196
Renal clearance studies were undertaken on 15 cats, 10 with mild chronic renal disease (CRD) and five with severe CRD. Plasma creatinine concentration and urinary specific gravity measurements in the mild and severe CRD cats were significantly different (P < 0–05) and were 131 ± 26-7 umol/litre and 1–034 ± 0–016, and 392 ± 117-3 nmol/litre and 1–015 ± 0–002, respectively. Endogenous creatinine clearance in the mild and severe CRD cats were significantly different (P < 0–01) and were 2–3 ± 0–58 and 0–62 ± 0–230 ml/min/kg bodyweight, respectively. Hypokalemia was present in one cat but it was not associated with hypercalcinuria. Two cats with mild CRD had hypophosphataemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphaturia which was suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism, while two cats with severe CRD had hyperphosphataemia and hyperphosphaturia which was indicative of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. Eight of the 15 cats were subsequently necropsied and were found to have segmental atrophic nephropathy. 相似文献
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A. B. Saunders 《The Journal of small animal practice》2021,62(8):613-623
Congenital heart disease is an important subset of all cardiovascular disease in dogs and cats that is present at birth and most often detected in young animals but can be diagnosed in adulthood. The range of abnormalities that can occur during development of the heart is vast incorporating simple and complex defects, varying degrees of severity and clinical presentations that include heart failure and cyanosis. While some defects do not result in morbidity in an individual animal, others cause severe clinical signs and death at a young age. Advances in imaging and expanding treatment options offer increasingly more possibilities in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease which is the focus of this review. The objective is to provide a broad overview of current practice and highlight key aspects to guide practitioners in their approach to congenital heart disease diagnosis and knowledge of available treatment options. 相似文献
4.
Denise A Elliott 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2006,36(6):1377-84, viii
Chronic renal disease is a leading cause of death in dogs and cats. Recent clinical studies show that nutrition plays a key role in improving quality of life and life expectancy of these patients. Typical nutritional interventions include modifying the protein, phosphorus, and lipid concentrations. Nutritional therapy, however, does not simply mean changing the diet; consideration must also be given to ensuring adequate caloric intake and to the method of feeding. Monitoring the effects of the dietary therapy is also crucial to ensure that the patients are responding appropriately to the selected nutritional modifications. Nutritional management must be coordinated with medical management for long term successful treatment. 相似文献
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Torin DS Freeman LM Rush JE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(6):862-867
OBJECTIVE: To determine nutrient intake and dietary patterns in cats with cardiac disease. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 95 cats with congenital cardiac disease or primary cardiomyopathy. PROCEDURES: Owners completed a standardized telephone questionnaire regarding their cat's diet and a 24-hour food recall to determine daily intake of calories, fat, protein, sodium, magnesium, and potassium. RESULTS: Of the 95 cats, 18 (19%) had a history of congestive heart failure and 73 (77%) had no clinical signs of cardiac disease. Fifty-five percent (52/95) of cats had concurrent disease. Inappetance was reported in 38% (36/95) of all cats and in 72% (68/95) of cats with a history of congestive heart failure. Most (57% [54/95]) cats received treats or table scraps on a regular basis. Approximately half the cats were receiving orally administered medications, supplements, or both. Only 34% (32/68) of owners used food to administer medications to cats. Cats consumed more than the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) minimums for protein, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and nearly all cats consumed more than the AAFCO minimum for fat. Daily nutrient intake was variable for all of the nutrients assessed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dietary intake in cats with cardiac disease was variable, but results for dietary supplement use, food use for medication administration, and treat feeding were different from those found in a similar study of dogs with cardiac disease. This information may be useful for treating and designing nutritional studies for cats with cardiac disease. 相似文献
6.
Gregory F Grauer 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(3):581-596
Renal damage and disease can be caused by acute or chronic insults to the kidney. Acute renal damage often results from ischemic or toxic insults and usually affects the tubular portion of the nephron. In contrast, chronic renal disease can be caused by diseases and/or disorders that affect any portion of the nephron, including its blood supply and supporting interstitium.Early detection of acute renal disease facilitates appropriate intervention that can arrest or at least attenuate tubular cell damage and the development of established acute renal failure. Similarly,early detection of chronic renal disease, before the onset of renal azotemia and chronic renal failure, should facilitate appropriate intervention that stabilizes renal function or at least slows its progressive decline. 相似文献
7.
Porciello F Rishniw M Herndon WE Birettoni F Antognoni MT Simpson KW 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(10):390-394
OBJECTIVE: To determine if dogs and cats with renal failure, or other severe non-cardiac disease, and no antemortem evidence of cardiac disease on basic clinical evaluation, have elevated levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using 56 dogs and 14 cats with primary non-cardiac disease (39 dogs with azotaemic renal failure, 14 cats with azotaemic renal failure, 17 dogs with non-cardiac systemic disease); 7/25 dogs and 6/14 cats had murmurs detected on physical examination. Serum or heparinised plasma was collected and analysed for cTnI. RESULTS: Cardiac troponin I concentrations were elevated above reference intervals in 70% of dogs and 70% of cats with azotaemic renal failure and in 70% of dogs with a variety of systemic non-cardiac diseases. Cardiac troponin I concentrations did not correlate with the degree of azotaemia, presence of murmurs, hypertension or type of non-cardiac illness. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac troponin I concentration is often elevated in dogs and cats with azotaemic renal failure and in dogs with other systemic non-cardiac illness, suggesting that these conditions often result in clinically inapparent myocardial injury or possibly altered elimination of cTnI. 相似文献
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Ellen I Logan 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2006,36(6):1385-401, ix
A pet cannot be healthy without oral health. Periodontal is a significant disease that has local and systemic ramifications. It has been stated earlier that effective plaque control prevents gingivitis. In human beings, 90% of periodontitis occurs as the result of progression gingivitis, and this type of periodontitis can be completely prevented by plaque control. It is reasonable that dogs and cats react similarly and that effective plaque control could prevent a large percentage of periodontitis cases. Proper nutrition and effective oral hygiene are necessary components of oral health and should be jointly promoted in the management of oral disease in dogs and cats. 相似文献
10.
Systemic osmotherapy for ophthalmic disease in dogs and cats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S J Dugan S M Roberts G A Severin 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(1):115-118
11.
D. S. Kronfeld 《The Journal of small animal practice》1993,34(5):211-219
Diets low in protein have been recommended for dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) since 1948, and for apparently healthy old dogs since 1960. These recommendations were based on studies of rats and poorly documented clinical experiences with dogs. Since 1979, a series of eight experiments on partially nephrectomised dogs and four clinical trials on naturally occurring chronic renal disease have demonstrated serious disadvantages of diets that contained high (38 to 49 per cent on a metabolisable energy (ME) basis) or very low (3 to 10 per cent) protein. In addition to poor acceptance of low protein (12 and 16 per cent) diets, undesired responses included exacerbation of depressed renal functions, reduced renal reserve, severe hyperfiltration in single nephrons, metabolic acidosis, hypercholesterolaemia, and hypertension. Protein deficiency may not have caused the complications observed, and may have been due to another feature of the diets fed. In seven studies, diets with a moderate (20 to 31 per cent ME) protein level fared better in regard to reduced renal pathology and proteinuria, better renal functions and reserve, and improvement of clinical status, azotaemia, hyperphosphataemia and anaemia. In the first instance, preferred products for CRF should contain moderate (20 to 24 per cent) protein and minimal phosphorus. Taking into consideration these 12 kidney studies a protein content of 30 per cent is recommended for apparently healthy old dogs. Current recommendations are to introduce a diet that is low in protein at a ‘critical point’ in the course of CRF, when its advantages are likely to outweigh its possible disadvantages. When this critical point has been reached has not been determined, but it is likely to be based on an assessment of the individual case. 相似文献
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P. G. G. Darke 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(11):599-607
The presence of congenital heart disease in dogs and cats is usually indicated by a cardiac murmur. There may or may not be further signs of cardiac failure. The type and site of a murmur often suggests the nature of the underlying lesion, but electrocardiography and radiography can give further indications of the nature of the defect. Advanced diagnostic procedures include cardiac catheterisation for angiography, blood pressure recording and blood gas analysis, but this technique is now being superseded in many cases by cardiac ultrasound. Some lesions can be demonstrated directly by echocardiography, but the source of the murmur and the severity of the deformity can be defined precisely by Doppler. Congenital cardiovascular disorders can increasingly be relieved by sophisticated surgery. 相似文献
13.
犬猫常见的人兽共患病 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对犬和猫的人兽共患病进行了分类、统计,并通过对各个疾病的临床症状和传播途径的分析总结,阐述其在公共卫生领域中的重要地位和意义.加强了大众对犬猫人兽共患病的认识和为公共卫生政策的制定提供依据和参考. 相似文献
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ADJ WATSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(10):313-318
SUMMARY A review of relevant literature was undertaken because of concerns about a possible relationship between pet foods, development of periodontal disease, and secondary adverse effects on general health. It was concluded that, while changes in feeding methods in recent decades have arguably improved pet health by reducing or preventing diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies and excesses, periodontal disease remains a serious, diet-related problem. There is reasonable evidence that soft diets are associated with increased frequency and severity of periodontal disease, and that harder foods requiring vigorous prehension and mastication are preferable for dogs and cats. While it is plausible that periodontal disease could cause diseases in other organs and tissues, the evidence for this is limited at present. Further research is needed to better define the relationship between diet types and oral health. In the meantime, veterinarians and pet owners should pay attention to the physical qualities (textures, abrasiveness, ‘chewiness’) of foods they provide for dogs and cats, as well as to their nutrient content, and should consider additional methods to control plaque and prevent periodontal disease where necessary. 相似文献
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G F Grauer D C Twedt K N Mero 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1983,183(6):677-679
Laparoscopic direction of renal biopsy was evaluated in 37 dogs and 1 cat suspected of having renal disease. Specimens adequate for morphologic diagnosis were obtained in 37 cases (97%). Eleven of the 38 animals were necropsied and the biopsy diagnosis was confirmed in 10 of the cases (91%). Excessive pericapsular hemorrhage and severe hematuria developed in 1 dog. Three dogs (8%) had macroscopic hematuria for 24 hours after biopsy. 相似文献
18.
DS KRONFELD 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(10):328-331
SUMMARY The need for dietary management of renal senescence and the beginning of chronic renal failure should be evaluated in all middle-aged dogs. One survey found that 35% were overweight and 10% underweight; another that 25% were mildly azotaemic, with 5% showing slight clinical signs of chronic renal failure. Dogs in prime condition or overweight are candidates for a diet low in energy (for example 3.0–3.3 kcal/g dry matter, DM), but thin dogs need a higher caloric density (such as 4.0–4.5 kcal/g DM). Healthy older dogs need higher dietary protein than the minimum for maintenance (about 20% on a metabolisable energy basis, ME) of young mature dogs. Thin older dogs showing signs of renal insufficiency may benefit from moderate protein and near-minimal phosphorus in the diet. In dogs with chronic renal failure, clinical, haematological and biochemical responses to the combination of low protein (13–16% ME) and low phosphorus (0.4% DM) were positive in one clinical trial but not in three others. Only beneficial responses, such as less proteinuria, less renal impairment and lower mortality, have been reported for diets containing low phosphorus and moderate protein (20–31% ME). Individual dietary goals for energy, protein and phosphorus should be chosen for each middle-aged or older dog; these goals may be met by a single product or mixtures of products. 相似文献
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T R Tams 《Modern veterinary practice》1984,65(2):107-114
Ampicillin or amoxicillin is a good initial choice for treatment of liver disease involving bacteria. Cephalosporins, among other antibiotics, can be used with aminoglycosides for a broad-spectrum effect. Metronidazole may benefit patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Tetracycline, penicillins and cephalosporins are good choices for biliary disease. Corticosteroids are indicated for chronic active hepatitis, cholangiohepatitis, immune-mediated hepatopathy, and hepatic lymphosarcoma and mast-cell tumors. D-penicillamine is used to treat hepatic Cu toxicosis. Colchicine has been used to combat hepatic fibrosis. Lactulose is used in long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy. Diuretics and a low-Na diet help control ascites. Cimetidine is used to control GI ulcers. Anabolic steroids help reverse protein catabolism. Acetylcysteine is an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. Use of hetacillin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, sulfonamides, erythromycin, acetaminophen and methyltestosterone should be avoided in patients with liver disease. 相似文献