大水面克氏原螯虾人工增殖技术

克氏原螯虾又称红色沼泽螯虾、小龙虾或克氏螯虾,目前在我国开展克氏原螯虾人工增殖的养殖者逐年增加.为了便于养殖者更好地开展大水面人工增殖克氏原螯虾,笔者对近年来江西环鄱阳湖区克氏原螯虾人工增殖实践进行了总结,以供参考.     

白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)对不同规格克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)致病力及ATPase活性的影响

以投喂患白斑综合征病毒病(WSSV)的南美白对虾组织的方法人工感染健康的克氏原螯虾,利用PCR检测实验克氏原螯虾的感染情况;同时比较健康的克氏原螯虾和感染病毒的克氏原螯虾体内ATPase活性.结果显示:白斑综合征病毒可以感染克氏原螯虾,受感染的克氏原螯虾体内病毒含量与其死亡呈正相关;健康的克氏原螯虾和感染病毒的克氏原螯虾体内的ATPase活性分别为7.337 U/mgprot和4.212 U/mgprot,有极其显著的差异.     

克氏原螯虾水泥池高密度养殖试验初报

克氏原螯虾又名淡水小龙虾、龙虾、克氏螯虾.近几年,随着人们对克氏原螯虾需求的不断增长以及虾仁出口欧美的供不应求,克氏原螯虾一跃成为水产养殖的炙热品种.本试验就克氏原螯虾在水泥池高密度养殖生产条件下进行了养殖技术的探索,在总结养殖经验技术的同时为以后的大规模养殖生产及工厂化苗种繁育提供参考.     

沿黄低洼盐碱地池塘主养克氏原螯虾试验

克氏原螯虾(P.clarkii),俗称"龙虾",又称红色沼泽螯虾、小龙虾或克氏螯虾,原产于墨西哥北部和美国南部,属甲壳纲、软甲亚纲、十足目、螯虾科、原螯虾属.克氏原螯虾味道鲜美,深受消费者喜爱,特别是占体重5%左右的克氏原螯虾肝脏(俗称虾黄),含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等,有很高的药用价值.由于该虾适应性广,生命力和繁殖能力强,对水质要求不高,适宜淡水养殖.去年笔者在河南省虞城县北部沿黄低洼盐碱地池塘中进行池塘主养克氏原螯虾试验,取得了较好的养殖效果.     

不同饲养状态下克氏原螯虾的格斗行为

为探究不同饲养状态下克氏原螯虾的格斗行为,丰富克氏原螯虾的行为学研究内容,进行2期试验.第1期试验取50尾隔离组克氏原螯虾投入非隔离组驯养箱内(单—群组),取50尾非隔离组克氏原螯虾投入非隔离组的其他驯养箱内(群—群组),24 h后记录各箱内克氏原螯虾存活数.第2期试验取隔离组和非隔离组中体质量和体长接近的同性克氏原螯...     

“上农下渔”池塘克氏原螯虾养殖及病害防治技术

克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii),又称红色沼泽螯虾、小龙虾或克氏螯虾,原产于墨西哥北部和美国南部,属甲壳纲,十足目,螯虾科,原螯虾属.     

克氏原螯虾捕捞网目研究

由于克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生存能力强,天敌少,加之其有一定的经济价值,为了更好地捕捞克氏原螯虾种群且尽量少伤害水域中其他渔获种类,有效控制克氏原螯虾种群数量,防止形成外来物种入侵,通过基本情况调查和室内试验等方法对克氏原螯虾捕捞网目进行研究。对6,20,30,40,50,60,70 mm七种网目的地笼网进行了室内试验,经比较对克氏原螯虾的捕捞能力和鱼类释放效果,结合线性拟合曲线与克氏原螯虾体长的关系,推算出20 mm网目为春季克氏原螯虾最佳捕捞网目, 30 mm网目为秋季克氏原螯虾捕捞最佳捕捞网目。     

克氏原螯虾养殖技术（二）

第二讲 克氏原螯虾养殖场地选择与设计 克氏原螯虾适应环境的能力很强，一些常规的鱼、虾、蟹类不能存活的水域，克氏原螫虾也能生活。克氏原螯虾养殖追求最高的产量和最大的经济效益，必须营造良好的养殖环境，能有效地提高克氏原螯虾养殖产量，减少生产成本，降低劳动强度。建立一个克氏原螯虾养殖场，首先要考虑场地是否适宜克氏原螯虾的生活与生长，根据克氏原螯虾昼伏夜出，营浅水底栖生活，喜逆水，冬夏穴居，     

湖北省潜江地区克氏原螯虾(procambarus clarkii)白斑综合征(White Spot Syndrome)PCR诊断及组织病理学观察

近年来在湖北省范围内人工养殖的克氏原螯虾暴发了严重的疾病,其中白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）已成为危害克氏原螯虾健康养殖的重要病原。2016年5月湖北省潜江市养殖区暴发了一种传染性疾病,为探究此次疾病病因和流行规律,将染病虾进行临床症状观察、对病料进行PCR检测、系统发育树分析、人工感染和组织病理学观察。结果显示,发病克氏原螯虾临床症状主要表现为摄食减少,活力下降,反应迟钝;组织病理学观察结果显示,克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺、肠、肌肉、鳃组织均出现不同程度变性和坏死以及炎性细胞浸润等典型病理学变化,与WSSV感染克氏原螯虾出现的病变相似;PCR检测患病克氏原螯虾样品,结果显示WSSV呈阳性,阳性检出率为55.56%（15/27）,未检测到斑节对虾杆状病毒（MBV）和传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒（IHHNV）;检测产物测序并进行系统发育树分析,结果显示,该基因序列与WSSV的EG3株（KR083866.1）核苷酸序列同源性为100%。将病虾的肝胰腺、肠和肌肉组织投喂健康克氏原螯虾,投喂组均表现为急性死亡（累积死亡率为100%）,并出现与自然发病虾相同的症状。WSSV的巢式PCR检测结果显示,人工感染病虾为WSSV阳性。根据以上显示,本次养殖克氏原螯虾大规模死亡的病原是WSSV。     

克氏原螯虾苗种繁殖技术

正克氏原螯虾又称红色沼泽螯虾、小龙虾或克氏螯虾。近年来,克氏原螯虾市场需求量急剧上升,呈现供不应求的趋势,现将苗种繁殖技术简介如下。一、工厂化繁殖克氏原螯虾建立室内水泥池进行工厂化繁殖克氏原螯虾苗种,采用流水或充气结合定期换水的方法,为虾苗生长发育提供良好的环境,因而可以进行高密度育苗,生产养殖所需苗种,提供充足的虾苗。1.育苗设施工厂化育苗设施主要有室内孵化池、育     

慢性盐度胁迫下金钱鱼卵巢转录组分析

为了阐明盐度胁迫对金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)代谢和生殖的影响,采用RNA-seq技术对低盐组(5)、对照组(25)和高盐组(35)处理40 d后的2龄性成熟金钱鱼卵巢进行转录组分析。结果发现,金钱鱼卵巢转录组测序获得raw reads共398681318,clean reads共396910398。从低盐胁迫相对对照组(5 vs 25)和高盐胁迫相对对照组(35 vs 25)中分别筛选到373个和874个差异表达基因(DEGs)。与对照组相比,低盐胁迫后氨基酸代谢相关基因(sds、bhmt)和脂肪酸代谢相关基因(pnpla2)显著下调;高盐胁迫后pgr、cyp17a1和ers1等生殖相关基因显著下调。KEGG通路富集分析发现,低盐胁迫组相对对照组显著富集与代谢相关的通路为半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成代谢,脂肪酸生物合成,脂肪酸代谢,皮质醇的合成和分泌,醛固酮的合成和分泌,脂肪细胞脂解的调节等;高盐胁迫组相对对照组中显著富集的与生殖相关的通路为雌激素信号传导通路。这些结果表明,氨基酸和脂肪酸的代谢调控可能在金钱鱼卵巢的低渗透压调节中起重要作用...     

Dietary reduction of fish meal,supplementation of vitamin C and fish oil may promote ovary maturation by improving digestibility and immunity in Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Fish meal, vitamin C and fish oil are known to play essential roles in reproduction and immunity in animals. To investigate how the diet affect reproduction under the condition of reducing costs, we designed an experimental diet that decreased the ratio of fish meal with soybean meal from 1:1 to 1:1.5, and supplemented with 0.06% vitamin C and 3.8% fish oil for the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. After a 100‐day feeding experiment, female crayfish fed the test diet had significantly greater gonadosomatic index (GSI) compared with those fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). At the middle stage of ovarian development, the test diet gave significantly higher trypsin‐specific activity (340.94 ± 57.32 U mg^?1 protein) in hepatopancreas of the crayfish than the basal diet (89.48 ± 10.01 U mg^?1 protein) (P < 0.05). However, hepatosomatic index (HSI) was remarkably decreased for those females fed test diet (P < 0.05). In addition, the experimental diet resulted in markedly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, especially in the ovaries (P < 0.01). These results suggest that dietary reduction of fish meal, supplementation of appropriate amounts of vitamin C and fish oil may promote ovary development probably by increasing digestibility, as well as by promoting transferring of nutrients from hepatopancreas to ovary and raising immunity of P. clarkii.     

低盐驯化对低盐胁迫下大黄鱼转录组的影响

为探讨低盐驯化对低盐胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和转录组的影响,本实验将体重为(52.46±1.47) g的大黄鱼暴露在盐度为25或20的水体中7 d,再暴露在盐度为10的水体中24 h。结果显示,低盐胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管低盐驯化对ROS和LPO不产生影响,但低盐驯化显著降低了低盐胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明低盐驯化缓解了低盐胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从低盐驯化vs.对照组、低盐胁迫vs.对照组和低盐驯化+低盐胁迫vs.低盐胁迫实验中,分别筛选到356、478和484个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现,差异基因显著富集在GnRH信号通路、PPAR信号通路、凋亡、Toll样受体通路和MAPK信号通路等,表明低盐驯化可以通过调节离子和物质运输、脂类代谢、细胞凋亡和非特异性免疫等来提高大黄鱼的低盐胁迫耐受性。研究表明,低盐驯化可以通过调节离子和物质运输、脂类代谢、细胞凋亡和非特异性免疫等来提高大黄鱼的低盐胁迫耐受性。研究结果揭示了低盐驯化改善大黄鱼低盐胁迫耐受性的分子机制,可为今后工厂化和内陆采用淡水或半咸水养殖大黄鱼提供科学依据。     

Effects of dietary astaxanthin on the growth,innate immunity and antioxidant defence system of Paramisgurnus dabryanus

The effects of astaxanthin supplementationon the growth, innate immunity and antioxidant defence system of loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) were investigated in this study. A total of 450 fish (initial average weights of 3.00 ± 0.10 g) were fed five diets with graded levels of astaxanthin (0.00, 50.00, 100.00, 150.00 and 200.00 mg/kg) for 56 days. The results showed that astaxanthin supplementation significantly stimulated the growth (FBW, WG, FER, HSI), innate immunity (AKP activity in the hepatopancreas, intestinal tract, muscle and skin and LZM activity in the hepatopancreas, intestinal tract and skin), antioxidant ability (T‐SOD, GSH‐PX and CAT activities and T‐AOC, GSH and MDA contents in the hepatopancreas, intestinal tract, muscle and skin) of loach. Moreover, dietary astaxanthin supplementation significantly up‐regulated the relative mRNA levels of Nrf2 and Maf, and down‐regulated the relative mRNA level of Keap1 in the hepatopancreas when the supplementation levels of astaxanthin were 50–200 mg/kg. In conclusion, the diets with 100–151.06 mg/kg astaxanthin supplementation were optimal for loach, which based on the growth, immunity and antioxidant‐related indicators, and the astaxanthin supplementation regulated the antioxidant ability partially referring to Keap1‐Nrf2 signallings.     

养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活力和生理生化指标的影响

以体质量(0.015±0.004)g克氏原螯虾幼虾为研究对象,研究了50、100、300、600、900尾/m25种养殖密度对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活力和生理生化指标的影响,实验周期为30 d。结果显示,克氏原螯虾幼虾的终末体质量随着养殖密度的增大而减小。胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力随着养殖密度的增大表现出减小趋势,纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力在5种养殖密度下变化规律不显著(P>0.05)。克氏原螯虾幼虾体内水分含量在5种养殖密度下差异较小(P>0.05);粗蛋白含量随养殖密度的升高呈增高趋势,由54.02%增高至60.75%(P<0.05);粗脂肪含量不断减少(P<0.05),由26.19%减少至19.19%(P<0.05)。随着养殖密度的增大,克氏原螯虾幼虾肌肉葡萄糖的含量呈下降趋势(P<0.05),甘油三酯、总蛋白、尿素氮和胆固醇含量呈不断增多趋势(P<0.05)。克氏原螯虾幼虾肝胰腺葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总蛋白和尿素氮含量随着养殖密度的增大呈不断增多趋势。结果表明,高密度养殖对克氏原螯虾幼虾生长和消化酶活力具有一定负面影响,体内蛋白、脂肪、葡萄糖和尿素氮等物质的含量也随着养殖密度的增大而发生变化。     

Growth performance and muscle composition response to reduced feeding levels in juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Overfeeding in aquaculture can lead to suboptimal growth and increased production costs. Red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is one of the most noteworthy species cultured in China, but little information is available on the optimal feeding levels of this species, especially in ponds cultured with macrophytes. In this study, we tested the effects of five different feeding levels (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% satiation) of an artificial diet on growth performance and muscle composition of juvenile P. clarkii in 15 concrete ponds cultured with the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata (three replicates for each treatment). The results showed that growth performance decreased only when feeding levels were below 60% satiation. Muscle composition analysis revealed that the moisture and ash contents of muscle did not vary significantly with feeding levels but that the lipid and protein contents of muscle significantly decreased when P. clarkii was fed to 40% satiation. Stable isotope analysis suggested a shift in crayfish diets to easily available H. verticillata when feeding levels decreased. With this study, we hope to encourage crayfish farmers to reduce feeding levels and increase natural food items such as macrophytes in cultured ponds to maximize crayfish yields and reduce production costs.