毛竹纯林土壤微生物多样性高于杉木纯林

杉木连作障碍现象普遍发生,同为人工林的毛竹则很少发生。作为土壤健康的重要指标,微生物对土壤肥力具有不可忽视的作用。采用高通量测序法对阔叶、毛竹和杉木三种林分的土壤细菌和真菌群落进行研究,结果表明,毛竹林土壤细菌和真菌Shannon多样性和Invsimpson均匀度指数均显著高于杉木林,甚至高于阔叶林;而优势物种多样性Berger-Parker指数则是杉木显著高于毛竹林;毛竹林土壤Actinobacteria门细菌相对丰度高于阔叶林和杉木林、Basidiomycota门真菌相对丰度显著高于阔叶林和杉木林,杉木林土壤Chloroflexi门细菌相对丰度和Mortierellomycota门真菌相对丰度显著高于毛竹林和阔叶林。结合土壤理化性质分析表明,杉木林土壤养分贫瘠是形成其特殊微生物群落的原因之一,而毛竹林土壤丰富的养分和高pH有利于形成良好微生物群落结构。与杉木相比,毛竹林土壤细菌和真菌特征以及土壤理化性质与阔叶的相似度更高。     

汶川地震对岷江柏林土壤微生物群落及养分的影响

为了探索地震灾害对森林土壤肥力和微生物多样性的影响,以四川理县地震灾区不同受灾程度的岷江柏林土壤养分及细菌、古菌群落为调查对象,在受灾区选择2个典型土壤类型、7个人工岷江柏(Cupressus chenginana)林为调查对象,其中,在熊尔山调查点(山地褐土)选择1个受地震影响小的林分作为对照,3个受灾林分,在蒲溪沟调查点(山地棕壤)选择1个对照和2个受灾林分。结果表明:受地震影响,熊尔山和蒲溪沟两个研究区的p H平均值显著升高了11.5%。与对照相比,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰和有效铜的含量都出现显著下降(P0.05)。以干土计的细菌和古菌的基因拷贝数范围分别为2.42×10~7~5.81×10~7copies g~(-1)和1.77×10~6~5.66×10~6copies g~(-1),比对照降低了1~2个数量级。细菌数量高于古菌数量,而细菌和古菌均与土壤养分因子(土壤有机质,全氮,碱解氮,有效磷,速效钾,有效铁,有效锰)达到显著正相关水平,与土壤p H为极显著负相关,与有效铜含量没有显著相关关系。总之,地震破坏了土壤微生态环境,土壤细菌和古菌数量减少,土壤肥力降低,应进一步明确营养元素对土壤微生物影响的机理。     

集约经营对毛竹林土壤反硝化细菌丰度的影响

为探究集约经营过程中反硝化细菌丰度的变化情况,采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)方法,对集约经营0(CK)、10、15、20、25 a毛竹林表层(0～20 cm)和亚表层(20～40 cm)三种反硝化细菌nirK、nirS、nosZ丰度进行分析。结果表明:毛竹林土壤反硝化细菌基因丰度(1.45×10~6～3.03×10~8 copies·g~(-1)干土)高于其他生态系统。随着集约经营时间的增加,两层土壤的三种功能基因丰度在集约经营10年时表现增加或不变的一致规律。除表层土壤nirS基因外,三种功能基因在集约经营过程的某一阶段(15或20 a)出现不同程度的下降;但集约经营持续25 a时,除表层土壤nosZ基因丰度仍低于对照外,其他基因丰度均恢复甚至超过对照水平,说明土壤反硝化细菌表现出对集约经营干扰的抵抗和恢复反应。表层nirS和nosZ土壤基因丰度显著高于亚表层土壤,但nirK基因丰度出现相反现象。土壤性质与基因丰度的相关性分析和冗余分析表明,集约经营措施对土壤反硝化细菌影响明显,主要通过土壤氮和有机碳变化综合影响反硝化细菌的活动和功能。毛竹林集约经营土壤的反硝化细菌功能基因丰度较高,积极参与氮循环过程,可加剧N_2O温室气体的排放     

赤水河流域典型植被类型的土壤微生物群落结构与多样性

土壤微生物是反映土壤环境质量的重要指标,为明确赤水河流域典型植被类型土壤微生物群落特征及优势菌属,为生态系统的恢复与管理提供理论依据,采用高通量测序技术研究了赤水河流域的5种典型植被类型(灌丛、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、杉木林和竹林)土壤的微生物群落结构及多样性,并探讨了其主要影响因子。结果表明:(1)不同植被类型的细菌和真菌丰富度Chao1指数差异均不显著,说明二者所观测到的物种总数没有差异。Shannon指数显示各植被类型微生物多样性存在一定差异,细菌多样性以竹林最低,显著性低于灌丛和针阔混交林(p<0.05); 真菌多样性以灌丛和杉木林显著性高于其他3种植被类型(p<0.05)。(2)5种植被类型土壤细菌优势门(相对丰度>10%)主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)。其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在灌丛、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林中占绝对优势(相对丰度为29.70%～33.62%),而放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)则在杉木林和竹林中最为丰富,相对丰度占比分别为32.88%,29.88%。各植被类型土壤真菌门以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为绝对优势菌群(相对丰度>49%)。(3)5种植被类型土壤细菌和真菌中优势菌属差异较大。在细菌属水平上,针阔混交林和竹林分别以未定名的Vicinamibacterales和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势,而其他3种植被类型则以节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)最丰富。在真菌属水平上,灌丛和常绿阔叶林中优势关键属为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)未分类真菌属(unclassified_p_Ascomycota),杉木林以被孢霉属(Mortierella)最丰富,而针阔混交林和竹林中均以沙蜥属(Saitozyma)相对丰度最高。(4)NMDS分析表明,土壤细菌与真菌群落空间分布差异显著。(5)冗余分析表明,土壤含水量、pH值和TN(总氮)对土壤细菌群落结构具有显著性的影响,而pH值、容重、TOC(总有机碳)、TN和TP(总磷)对真菌群落结构影响显著。综合分析可知,针阔混交林土壤细菌群落较丰富,杉木林土壤真菌生长较旺盛,而灌丛土壤细菌和真菌多样性均较高,应采取有效措施提高主要林分土壤养分,从而激发微生物的生长,改善土壤环境。     

阔叶林改种毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)后土壤固氮细菌 nifH 基因多样性的变化

【目的】毛竹是喜氮植物,土壤氮素水平对毛竹生长至关重要。生物固氮是土壤氮素的重要来源,因此,探索阔叶林改种毛竹后土壤固氮细菌和土壤氮素的变化具有重要意义。【方法】选择立地条件相近的毛竹林(100多年前由阔叶林改种而来)和阔叶林,每种林地在东北坡向位置随机选择4个10 m×10 m标准样地,每个标准样地选取5个采样点,分层采集0—20 cm(表层)和20—40 cm(次表层)土壤样品,分析了土壤pH、有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和含水量等常规理化性质; 采用引物对AQER和PolF,以土壤总DNA为模板扩增了固氮细菌功能基因(nifH )片段,应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR),分析了固氮细菌群落结构、多样性以及丰度(nifH 基因拷贝数)变化; 通过基因克隆测序对土壤固氮细菌进行初步鉴定。【结果】阔叶林改种毛竹后土壤pH显著(P0.05)提高; 毛竹林土壤的含水量、碱解氮以及表层土壤的速效钾显著高于(P0.05)同层的阔叶林土壤,而有效磷则显著(P0.05)低于同层的阔叶林土壤。总体来说,阔叶林改种毛竹后土壤养分含量明显提高; 阔叶林土壤固氮细菌DGGE条带数以及多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener index)都高于毛竹林; 基于DGGE条带信息的聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,阔叶林和毛竹林区分为2个类群,而同一林分的不同土层之间差异较小; 实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,毛竹林土壤的固氮细菌 nifH 基因丰度显著(P0.05)高于阔叶林土壤; 通过克隆测序,14个阳性克隆分别属于2个不同的菌属,其中13个均为Bradyrhizobium,1个为Azohydromonas lata,条带序列与已知序列的相似度为93%~98%。【结论】阔叶林改种毛竹后土壤固氮细菌的种类减少,而功能基因丰度却明显增加; 土壤氮素水平明显提高,这可能是土壤固氮能力增强的结果。     

浙江南部亚热带森林土壤植硅体碳的研究

植硅体封存有机碳(Phytolith-occluded organic carbon,Phyt OC)是一种稳定的有机碳形态。它由植物自身硅化作用产生,在植物死亡或凋落后归还于土壤,从而影响森林生态系统稳定性碳库的储量。本文以浙江庆元县5种不同亚热带典型森林立地土壤为研究对象,利用不同土层深度(0~10 cm、10~30 cm、30~60 cm和60~100 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤植硅体含量和植硅体碳含量,并估算土壤中植硅体碳储量。结果表明,毛竹林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶林和马尾松林土壤植硅体含量(土壤剖面平均值)变化范围在8.14~19.74 g kg-1,其中毛竹林土壤植硅体含量最高。而植硅体中Phyt OC平均含量最高的为马尾松林(24.31 g kg-1),最低的为针阔混交林(13.06 g kg-1)。土壤Phyt OC/TOC比值随土层深度增加而急剧增加。统计分析表明,不同林分下土壤硅含量与土壤植硅体含量呈极显著相关关系(p0.01),与土壤Phyt OC含量之间呈显著的正相关关系(p0.05)。我国亚热带毛竹林、杉木林、马尾松林、阔叶林和针阔混交林1 m土体Phyt OC总储量分别为1.988×107、4.025×107、2.575×107、2.542×107和0.340×107 t。     

亚热带四种主要植被类型土壤细菌群落结构分析

应用PCR-DGGE方法分别对天目山和玲珑山的四种典型森林土壤细菌群落结构进行了研究分析。结果表明,阔叶林、杉木林、马尾松林和毛竹林在天目山土壤中的DGGE条带数分别为49、45、51和51条,在玲珑山土壤中的DGGE条带数分别为42、4i多是奥前啊2、44和48条。不同森林植被土壤DGGE带谱差异不明显,天目山和玲珑山4种森林土壤分别有31条和23条共性条带,分别占总数的61%和48%以上,然而每种林分也有各自的特征条带。相对而言,两个样地杉木林与其他三种林分的土壤细菌群落结构相似度较低,相似值分别为0.72和0.68,其土壤细菌多样性指数也明显低于其他3种林分,而毛竹林和马尾松林多样性指数则没有显著差异。同时分析两个采样区的土壤细菌DGGE发现,土壤性质对细菌群落结构的影响大于植被。     

不同森林植被下土壤水溶性有机碳研究

在我国亚热带采集了常绿阔叶林、马尾松林、杉木林和毛竹林土壤,分析了土壤总有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量。结果表明:土壤总有机碳含量常绿阔叶林和毛竹林显著高于杉木林和马尾松林。土壤水溶性有机碳含量毛竹林显著高于杉木林,极显著高于马尾松林,阔叶林和杉木林也显著高于马尾松林。水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率以杉木林最高,达1 26%(25℃)和1 82%(100℃),马尾松林最低,仅0 78%(25℃)和1 30%(100℃)。马尾松林、杉木林和毛竹林土壤水溶性有机碳与土壤总有机碳含量间的相关性均达显著水平,相关系数分别为0 5106 (100℃提取),0 4739 (25℃提取)和0 4752 (25℃提取)。     

江西大岗山3种林型土壤水分物理性质研究

对江西大岗山林区常绿阔叶林、杉木人工林和毛竹林土壤的容重、孔隙度、持水量和贮水量等物理性质进行了研究。结果表明:(1)常绿阔叶林、毛竹林和杉木人工林的土壤容重均随深度的增加而增加。在0~80 cm的土层中,杉木人工林、常绿阔叶林和毛竹林的土壤容重分别为1.29 g/cm3,1.24 g/cm3和1.20 g/cm3。(2)随土层深度的增加,3种林型土壤的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量和毛管持水量均逐渐降低。(3)在0~80 cm的土层中,常绿阔叶林的土壤总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度最大,毛竹林次之;而常绿阔叶林土壤的毛管孔隙度最小,毛竹林最大。(4)在0~80 cm的土层中,3种林型土壤的饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量均为毛竹林>常绿阔叶林>杉木人工林。在0~80 cm的土层中,3种林型土壤的现有贮水量和饱和贮水量均为常绿阔叶林>杉木人工林>毛竹林。(5)毛竹林在0~40 cm土层中,土壤物理性质明显优于另外两种林分。     

江宁小流域主要森林类型水源涵养功能研究

对江宁小流域主要林分类型的降水截持效益、林地枯落物层持水性能、林地土壤渗透性能及蓄水能力进行了研究.结果表明:各林分树干茎流率排序为毛竹林(7.89%)＞栎林(5.13%)＞杉木林(3.28 %)＞马尾松林(1.85%);各林分林冠截留率排序为栎林(31.2%)＞毛竹林(24.17%)＞杉木(20.57%)＞马尾松林(16.2%);各林分枯落物层最大持水量和有效拦蓄量排序均为栎林＞为毛竹林＞杉木林＞马尾松林;各林分土壤非毛管空隙度和总空隙度排序均为马尾松林＞杉木林＞毛竹林＞栎林;各林分土壤渗透性能排序为马尾松林＞杉木林＞栎林v毛竹林.采用Topsis优劣解距离法比较不同林分类型综合水源涵养功能,结果显示栎林的综合水源涵养功能最好,其次为毛竹林,再次为杉木林,马尾松林最差.     

中国西北干旱土壤中固定二氧化碳的RuBisCO基因丰度及其多样性研究

Arid soils where water and nutrients are scarce occupy over 30% of the Earth's total surface. However, the microbial autotrophy in the harsh environments remains largely unexplored. In this study, the abundance and diversity of autotrophic bacteria were investigated, by quantifying and profiling the large subunit genes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Ru Bis CO) form I(cbb L) responsible for CO2 fixation, in the arid soils under three typical plant types(Haloxylon ammodendron, Cleistogenes chinensis,and Reaumuria soongorica) in Northwest China. The bacterial communities in the soils were also characterized using the 16 S r RNA gene. Abundance of red-like autotrophic bacteria ranged from 3.94 × 105 to 1.51 × 106 copies g-1dry soil and those of green-like autotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.15 × 106 to 2.08 × 106 copies g-1dry soil. Abundance of both red- and green-like autotrophic bacteria did not significantly differ among the soils under different plant types. The autotrophic bacteria identified with the cbb L gene primer were mainly affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and an uncultured bacterial group, which were not detected in the 16 S r RNA library. In addition, 25.9% and 8.1% of the 16 S r RNA genes were affiliated with Cyanobacteria in the soils under H. ammodendron and R. soongorica, respectively. However, no Cyanobacteria-affiliated cbb L genes were detected in the same soils. The results suggested that microbial autotrophic CO2 fixation might be significant in the carbon cycling of arid soils, which warrants further exploration.     

Effect of land use on the abundance and diversity of autotrophic bacteria as measured by ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) large subunit gene abundance in soils

Elucidating the biodiversity of CO₂-assimilating bacterial communities under different land uses is critical for establishing an integrated view of the carbon sequestration in agricultural systems. We therefore determined the abundance and diversity of CO₂ assimilating bacteria using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and quantitative PCR of the cbbL gene (which encodes ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). These analyses used agricultural soils collected from a long-term experiment (Pantang Agroecosystem) in subtropical China. Soils under three typical land uses, i.e., rice–rice (RR), upland crop (UC), and paddy rice–upland crop rotation (PU), were selected. The abundance of bacterial cbbL (0.04 to 1.25?×?10⁸ copies g^?1 soil) and 16S rDNA genes (0.05–3.00?×?10¹⁰ copies g^?1 soil) were determined in these soils. They generally followed the trend RR?>?PU?>?UC. The cbbL-containing bacterial communities were dominated by facultative autotrophic bacteria such as Mycobacterium sp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Ralstonia eutropha, and Alcaligenes eutrophus. Additionally, the cbbL-containing bacterial community composition in RR soil differed from that in upland crop and paddy rice–upland crop rotations soils. Soil organic matter was the most highly statistically significant factor which positively influenced the size of the cbbL-containing population. The RR management produced the greatest abundance and diversity of cbbL-containing bacteria. These results offer new insights into the importance of microbial autotrophic CO₂ fixation in soil C cycling.     

不同类型水稻土微生物群落结构特征及其影响因素

选取基于我国土壤地理发生分类的不同类型土壤发育的四种水稻土,利用15N2气体示踪法测定生物固氮速率,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术测定细菌丰度,通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析微生物群落组成和多样性.结果表明:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria...     

华蓥市山区典型林分水源涵养功能评价

为研究南方丘陵山区典型人工林的生长现状和涵养水源能力,选取华蓥市6种林分作为研究对象,通过测定林下枯落物层和土壤层特征,分析比较不同林地枯落物和土壤的持水能力,对林地水源涵养能力进行评价。结果表明:杉木纯林(近自然经营)枯落物现存蓄积量最大,枯落物持水能力排序为杉木纯林(近自然经营)杉木纯林马尾松—檵木混交林(近自然经营)杉木—响叶杨混交林柏木纯林马尾松—杉木混交林;杉木纯林的土壤层总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有效持水量均为最优,分别达到67.67%,60.39%,138.11 t/hm~2;6种林地土壤有效持水量大小顺序为杉木纯林杉木纯林(近自然经营)马尾松—杉木混交林杉木—响叶杨混交林柏木纯林马尾松—檵木混交林(近自然经营);综合枯落物层和土壤层持水能力可知,杉木纯林(近自然经营)的水源涵养能力最强,为309.77 t/hm~2,马尾松—杉木混交林最弱。     

基于宏基因组学的酸性森林土壤氨氧化微生物群落特征研究

全球30%以上陆地面积是酸性土壤(pH5.5),而酸性土壤中氨氧化微生物群落特征研究是破译其硝化过程微生物学机理的基础。尤其随着完全硝化微生物(Complete ammonia oxidizer,comammox)的发现,亟需重新认知酸性土壤中氨氧化微生物类群。以酸性马尾松林为研究对象,综合利用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)、凝胶电泳半定量和宏基因组测序等技术研究土壤中氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)、氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和Comammox的相对丰度以及群落组成特征。研究发现AOA和AOB amoA基因丰度分别为2.61×106 copies·g~(-1)和1.45×106copies·g~(-1);而comammoxamoA基因qPCR结果存在显著的非特异性扩增,导致其丰度被高估,而经凝胶电泳半定量矫正后,约为(1.38～1.47)×106copies·g~(-1),该结果和土壤宏基因测序揭示的comammox相对丰度基本吻合。此外,宏基因组分析发现经典嗜酸group1.1a-associated仅占AOA总类群的12%,而group1.1b则占88%,尽管目前仍未有嗜酸group 1.1b AOA纯菌株的报道。AOB主要类群为Nitrosospira(约64%),而Nitrosomonas约占36%。Comammox主要类群为clade B(约64%),而clade A仅占36%且均隶属于clade A.1亚枝,这暗示clade B与已报道的嗜中性comammox clade A纯菌株有极大的生理代谢差异。总之,本研究提供了综合利用qPCR、半定量和宏基因组分析土壤氨氧化微生物群落的策略,并建议优化comammox的qPCR引物,同时本研究系统分析了酸性马尾松林土壤中氨氧化微生物的相对丰度和群落组成特征。     

不同经营强度下毛竹丛枝菌根共生体对氨氧化微生物的影响

利用原位微宇宙试验将丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌菌丝与根系区分,设置菌根室(RA)和菌丝室(AH)两个分室处理,以粗放经营(extensive management,EM)毛竹林为对照,研究集约经营(Intensive management,IM)条件下毛竹林土壤丛枝菌根共生体对氨氧...     

Fixation of carbon dioxide by chemoautotrophic bacteria in grassland soil under dark conditions

Grassland is one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, while CO₂ fixation by phototrophic bacteria is relatively well studied, little is known about microbial CO₂ fixation without light by chemoautotrophic bacteria in grassland soils. Therefore, in this study, the isotope ¹⁴C-CO₂ was used to investigate the CO₂-fixing process in grassland soils. Soil samples were collected from both fenced and adjacent continuous grazing grassland sites in Inner Mongolia and then incubated for 120 days under dark conditions. Meanwhile, the cbbL genes (red- and green-like) were analyzed to isolate chemoautotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for CO₂ fixation. After incubation, ¹⁴C was fixed into soil organic carbon (¹⁴C-SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (¹⁴C-MBC) were found in both the fenced and grazing soils, and the fixation rate of ¹⁴C-SOC in the fenced soils (48.55‰) was significantly higher than in the grazing soils (22.11‰). The fixation rate of ¹⁴C-MBC in the fenced soils (14.05‰) was higher than in the grazing soils (7.08‰), but the difference was not significant. The red-like cbbL genes could be detected in all the soil samples, but the green-like cbbL genes could not be amplified. A greater number of identified operational taxonomic units were observed in the fenced soils compared with the grazing soils. The chemoautotrophic bacteria were mainly affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. However, Chloroflexi was detected in only the fenced soils. The results suggested that CO₂ fixation by chemoautotrophic bacteria might be significant in carbon cycling in grassland.     

Depth-specific distribution and importance of nitrite-dependent anaerobic ammonium and methane-oxidising bacteria in an urban wetland

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) are two recently discovered processes in the nitrogen cycle that are catalysed by anammox bacteria and n-damo bacteria, respectively. Here, the depth-specific distribution and importance of anammox bacteria and n-damo bacteria were studied in an urban wetland, Xixi Wetland, Zhejiang Province (China). Anammox bacteria related to Candidatus Brocadia, Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Anammoxoglobus, and n-damo bacteria related to “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera” were present in the collected soil samples. The abundance of anammox bacteria (2.6–8.6 × 10⁶ copies g⁻¹ dry soil) in the shallow soils (0–10 cm and 20–30 cm) was higher than that (2.5–9.8 × 10⁵ copies g⁻¹ dry soil) in the deep soils, whereas the abundance of n-damo bacteria (0.6–1.3 × 10⁷ copies g⁻¹ dry soil) in the deep soils (50–60 cm and 90–100 cm) was higher than that (3.4–4.5 × 10⁶ copies g⁻¹ dry soil) in the shallow soils. Anammox activity was detected at all depths, and higher potential rates (12.1–21.4 nmol N₂ g⁻¹ dry soil d⁻¹) were observed at depths of 0–10 cm and 20–30 cm compared with the rates (3.5–8.7 nmol N₂ g⁻¹ dry soil d⁻¹) measured at depths of 50–60 and 90–100 cm. In contrast, n-damo was mainly occurred at depths of 50–60 cm and 90–100 cm with potential rates of 0.7–5.0 nmol CO₂ g⁻¹ dry soil d⁻¹. This study suggested the niche segregation of the anammox bacteria and n-damo bacteria in wetland soils, with anammox bacteria being active primarily in deep soils and n-damo bacteria being active primarily in shallow soils.     

The impact of different forest types on phytolith-occluded carbon accumulation in subtropical forest soils

Purpose

Occlusion of carbon in phytoliths is an important biogeochemical carbon sequestration mechanism and plays a significant role in the global biogeochemical carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration regulation at a millennial scale. However, few studies have focused on the storage of phytolith and phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) in subtropical forest soils.

Materials and methods

Soil profiles with 100-cm depth were sampled from subtropical bamboo forest, fir forest, and chestnut forest in China to investigate the variation of phytoliths and PhytOC storage in the soil profiles based on amass-balance assessment.

Results and discussion

The storage of phytoliths in the top 100 cm of the bamboo forest soil (198.13?±?25.08 t ha^?1) was much higher than that in the fir forest (146.76?±?4.53 t ha^?1) and chestnut forest (170.87?±?9.59 t ha^?1). Similarly, the storage of PhytOC in the bamboo forest soil (3.91?±?0.64 t ha^?1) was much higher than that in the fir forest soil (1.18?±?0.22 t ha^?1) and chestnut forest soil (2.67?±?0.23 t ha^?1). The PhytOC percentage in the soil organic carbon pool increased with soil depth and was the highest (4.29 %) in the bamboo forest soil. Our study demonstrated that PhytOC in soil was significantly influenced by forest type and the bamboo forest ecosystem contributed more significantly to phytolith carbon sequestration than other forest ecosystems.

Conclusions

Different forest types have a significant influence on the soil PhytOC storage. Optimization of bamboo afforestation/reforestation in future forest management plans may significantly enhance the biogeochemical carbon sink in the following centuries.