The threshold effect of the efficiency of science and technological services on regional environmental governance in China

Through panel data for every province in China from 2006 to 2016, this paper studies the impact of the efficiency of science and technological services and the level of economic development on environmental governance, with the efficiency of science and technological services as the threshold variables. The results of the research indicate that the efficiency of science and technological services in China's provinces is low, while the regional gap is expanding. When the efficiency of science and technological services is the threshold variable, single threshold results are significant. When the efficiency of science and technological services is the threshold variable and when the efficiency of science and technological services is lower than the threshold value, there is a significant impact on environmental governance. If the efficiency of science and technological services crosses the threshold value, the impact of science and technological service efficiency on environmental governance becomes insignificant. For the level of economic development, it is a core explanatory variable and has a significant impact on environmental governance only when the efficiency of science and technological services is below the threshold value. According to the empirical results, this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.     

南方花生新品种区试小结

花生是莆田县主要的油料作物 ,因品种老旧 ,病虫害比较严重 ,产量一直上不去。 2 0 0 0年 ,我局进行全国南方片花生新品种区域试验 ,旨在鉴定花生新品种的长势、抗病性、丰产性和南方地区的适应性 ,为国家级品种审定和跨省推广提供科学依据。1　材料与方法供试品种为粤油 79、粤油 193、湛油 4 1、汕油4 2、辐选 3号、梧油 7号、金花 39、金花 10 12、泉花32 7、汕油 5 2 3,以汕油 5 2 3为对照。试验在莆田县良种繁育场进行 ,前作为小白菜 ,土壤结构良好 ,肥力中等以上 ,通风向阳 ,地势平坦 ,没有青枯病的园土。试验区四周开环田沟 ,不积水 …     

灰色系统理论在小麦新品种综合评判中的应用

根据灰色系统理论中关联度分析法,对2005年国家小麦新品种展示的17个品种进行综合评价.结果表明,矮抗58表现最优,温麦19号、周麦18、豫麦49-198、温麦18、郑麦004和濮麦9号也优于对照,其他品种较差,综合评判结果与各参试品种的生产实际表现基本一致.该分析方法为品种的综合评价提供了更直接的量化指标,对作物新品种的审定、筛选有重要指导意义.     

A rational approach for optimizing application rates of fertilizer nitrogen to reduce potential nitrate pollution of natural waters

Yield, N uptake and residual NO₃⁻-N data for wheat and maize, raised in a long-term experiment, have been discussed to determine optimum rates of fertilizer N application at which yields are least affected, while unused nitrogen, which is a potential pollutant, is reduced to a permissible level. Computation of fertilizer N rates corresponding to the points of greatest economic return and permissible N loss has been described. Optimum fertilizer N rate is the smaller of the two fertilizer N rates. By assuming a loss of 60 kg N/ha or less, as environmentally permissible, it was observed that a small yield increment of maize would have to be sacrificed for the protection of the environment; whereas, for wheat, nitrogen can be applied safely upto the point of greatest economic return. Coincidence of the rainy season with the growth period of maize in the study area seems to have reduced the fertilizer N rate, corresponding to the point of permissible N loss, lower than that for greatest economic return.     

A new approach to Fourier transform Raman: Identification of haploids in maize (Zea mays)

The objective of this work was to adapt the FT Raman spectroscopy analysis in the differentiation of haploid and diploid kernels in maize, developing a new efficient, agile, precise, and nondestructive methodology. The main difference observed in FT Raman readings was a peak in the region between 1600 and 1700 cm⁻¹ in possibly haploid kernels. It was possible to correlate the characteristics of the kernels with the presence of the R1-nj gene and the readings obtained in the Raman spectrometry technique. Most of the kernels previously classified as haploid showed positive values for principal component analysis (PCAs), indicating a correlation in the identification of haploids by the techniques adopted. The identification of haploids by R-Navajo was superior to FT Raman. However, FT Raman spectroscopy is an agile analysis technique that enables the development of non-invasive and non-destructive analytical methods in maize kernels, in addition to providing relevant information about the chemical structures present in the composition of the samples.     

A new approach to the breeding of pigeon pea (cajanus cajan Millsp.): formation of composites

Summary Pigeon pea exhibits a high degree of potential outcrossing. It is suggested that this outcrossing potential should be utilized in the formation of random mating composites. These composites will serve as the dynamic reservoir of variability and can also be used as base populations for studies in natural selection, mass selection and recurrent selection. For developing countries, where breeding facilities are limited, a simpler breeding scheme based on the above composites has been proposed.     

Examining trans‐Tasman migration of new immigrants to New Zealand from the People's Republic of China: A quantitative approach

‘Back‐door’ migration refers to the entry of overseas‐born New Zealand citizens to Australia. Many New Zealand Chinese migrants from the People's Republic of China (PRC) are within this migration flow. Based on a detailed analysis on the permanent and long‐term arrival and departure data from Statistics New Zealand and an online survey conducted by the author, this paper examines the trans‐Tasman migration of New Zealand's PRC migrants. The result shows that compared with New Zealand‐born citizens, the trans‐Tasman migration of China‐born New Zealand citizens is not large in number. The 2001 Australia immigration policy change of the welfare provisions to New Zealand citizens discouraged ‘back‐door’ migration of the PRC migrants in the short term only. Australia still remains a favoured destination for many of them. Economic consideration is the main factor drawing these migrants to Australia. This paper also reveals a circulatory feature of the PRC migrants' trans‐Tasman migratory movements, as evidenced by a significant number of respondents who had migrated from New Zealand to Australia indicating that they would come back to New Zealand at some future time.     

Whether polycentric spatial structure is conducive to regional coordinated development: A study on urban agglomerations in China

With the aggravation of congestion, pollution, and other negative externalities generated by continued urbanization, polycentric strategies have gradually become one of the main urban and regional spatial strategies. It remains unclear, however, whether the polycentric structure is conducive to regional coordinated development. This study examines these issues using China's urban agglomerations (UAs) as a sample. The Prolonged Artificial Nighttime-light Dataset of China (PANDA) was used to measure the polycentric structure. The results of the nonparametric identification of sub-centers show that almost all of China's UAs exhibit multiple (sub)centers, and the number of (sub)centers in most UAs has increased from 1992 to 2020. Empirical analysis shows that a polycentric structure is beneficial for narrowing regional disparities within the UA, and the narrowing effect of the polycentric structure on regional disparities increases as the distance between centers increases. Furthermore, a polycentric spatial structure is more conducive to the economic growth of small cities in UA, thereby promoting the coordinated development of regions within UA.     

凋落物分解对森林土壤碳库影响的研究进展

凋落物分解是陆地生态系统物质循环和能量转换的主要途径,是森林生态系统重要功能之一。凋落物作为外源有机物质,进入土壤后其分解不但会增加土壤中碳源,改变土壤理化性质,而且还会增加土壤中各种微生物的数量,改变土壤微生物群落结构,加速土壤有机碳矿化速率,从而对土壤有机碳库动态变化产生重要影响。土壤是陆地生态系统的核心,研究土壤碳库动态对正确评价土壤在陆地生态系统碳循环以及全球变化中的作用有重要意义。本文就凋落物分解过程及对土壤碳库中土壤呼吸、土壤有机碳、土壤微生物量碳、土壤碳矿化及理化性质等影响进行综述,为土壤碳库周转动态研究提供参考。     

应用灰色系统理论综合评估玉米新品种

本文应用灰色系统理论中的关联度分析方法,对我所1996年玉米新品种比较试验的考查结果进行综合评估,结果与品种实际表现基本一致。证明由于各性状时品种的重要性不同,在给出不同的权重系数时,运用灰色关联分析对玉米新品种进行多性状综合评估比单纯依靠产量结果对参试组合进行评估更具科学性。此法可作为玉米品比或区试中对参试品种进行综合评估的一种有效方法。     

基于叶大年院士城市对称理论的湘赣经济合作发展新模式的提出与探讨

从现阶段湖南和江西的实际情况出发,以叶大年院士城市对称理论为指导,研究了湘赣两省经济发展的共通性与互补性,提出两省经济合作深度发展尤其是城城合作的新模式。经分析,发现该模式能充分发挥地区优势,实现两省资源、信息、技术的优势互补,提高两省特色产业的竞争力,促进两省乃至中部地区的发展,对中部崛起战略的实施具有重大指导意义。     

The Impact of City/Suburban Location on Moving Plans: A Cincinnati Study

ABSTRACT In order to improve the ability of central-city policymakers to retain middle-income families, this paper tests for the importance of city/suburban location as well as other background characteristics in explaining variations in moving plans. Stepwise discriminant analysis is applied to a mailed questionnaire sample of 1,738 households who purchased homes in Hamilton County (Cincinnati), Ohio, during the first half of 1986. The city buyers’ greater propensity to move reflected compositional effects, with younger households purchasing modest homes. Contrary to what was expected, recent city buyers with urban tastes did not have strong attachments to their location. The implications of these and other results to stem outmigration flows are discussed.     

雪腐捷氏霉中国菌系对小麦的致病性研究

研究了采自中国的新疆、陕西、青海、宁夏、四川、贵州、湖北等７省和捷克共１２个雪腐捷氏霉菌系对小麦的致病性和症状特点。各菌系对小麦的各部位均有奶强的致病性,但对穗部的致病性较弱。原采自红色雪腐病病株和成株雪霉叶桔病的两类菌系引起相同的症状。参试菌系间致病性强弱有明显差异,但同一菌系在小麦不同生育期对不同器官致病性的强弱相一致。     

中国大豆不同生态类型开花至成熟期对光周期的反应

选用来自中国不同大豆生态区的１５个代表品种,比较了不同产地、不同生育期、不同播期类型的大豆品种开花后光周期反应的差异。结果表明,大豆品种在开花后光周期反应方面存在着广泛的遗传多样性。中国大豆典型生态类型开化后光周期反应敏感性有以下顺序：南方秋豆〉南方夏豆〉黄淮夏豆〉南方春豆、黄淮春豆〉北方春豆。试验中发现,大豆品种开花至成熟期各阶段长度与它们在自然条件下出苗至初花的日数正相关。供试的早熟品种开花后     

The Impact of Metropolitan Structure on Commute Behavior in the Netherlands: A Multilevel Approach

ABSTRACT This paper documents the investigation of the impact of metropolitan structure on the commute behavior of urban residents in the Netherlands. Not only has the impact of monocentrism versus polycentrism been analyzed, but the influence of metropolitan density and size has also been considered, together with the ratio of employment to population and the growth of the population and employment. Furthermore, data are used at a variety of levels of analysis ranging from the individual worker to the metropolitan region rather than being drawn from aggregate level statistics alone. Multilevel regression modeling is applied to take account of the interdependencies among these levels of aggregation. With regard to mode choice, the results indicate that the probability of driving an auto to work is lower in employment‐rich metropolitan regions, and rises as the number of jobs per resident has grown strongly. Furthermore, women in most polycentric regions are less likely to commute as an auto driver. All else being equal, commute distances and times for auto drivers are longer in most polycentric regions than in monocentric urban areas. In addition, commute time as an auto driver rises with metropolitan size, whereas commute distance depends on employment density and the growth of the number of jobs per resident. The investigation shows that metropolitan structure, although significantly influencing commute patterns, explains only a small part of the variation of individuals’ commute behavior.     

中草药方剂对鸡传染性法氏囊病的治疗及免疫试验

（河南省安阳工学院牧医系,河南安阳 455000）     

当前构建中国新农村和谐社会的思考

建设社会主义新农村,构建农村和谐社会是中国目前需要解决的迫切问题。笔者分析了中国目前构建农村和谐社会的主要障碍和可行性,提出了构建中国农村和谐社会需要改变执政观念,实现政府职能转变作保障;需要加大对农村的投入,大力发展农村经济作支撑;需要加强农村精神文明建设来助推,同时提出构建农村和谐社会要依靠科技进步,发展效益农业;要完善农村社会保障制度,解决农民后顾之忧;要加快农村剩余劳动力向城市转移,弱化转移农村矛盾的思路。     

气候变化对粮食单产影响的实证分析——以陕西省为例

为了定量评估气候变化对农业生产的影响,依据陕西省粮食生产投入产出数据和气象数据,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,实证分析了气温降水等气候因子对陕西省粮食单产的影响。结果表明,气温上升对粮食单产有负面影响,其产出弹性为-0.676,降水以及日照则为正面影响,其对粮食产出弹性分别为0.181和0.407,灌溉、农用机械投入等都对粮食单产增加有正向作用。最后,根据分析结果,提出了陕西省粮食生产应对气候变化的适应措施。