可口革囊星虫规模化生态繁育试验

为缓解可口革囊星虫苗种紧缺的现状,探索其批量苗种繁育技术,于2011~2013年在浙江省温岭市利用潮间带滩涂模拟自然生态建立生态繁育区,面积由110亩(15亩=1 hm~2,下同)扩大到210亩,开展了可口革囊星虫生态繁育试验。2013年,在繁育区选取20亩作为放养区,放养规格462尾/kg的亲体2 625 kg,折合放养密度6.064万尾/亩,2014年6月,对210亩生态繁育区自然繁育的星虫苗种进行测产,测得星虫苗种数量为3.375亿尾,规格为2 753尾/kg,3年累计培育可口革囊星虫苗种7.174亿尾。数据显示,可口革囊星虫的生态繁育试验收效甚佳,如能进一步扩大生态繁殖规模,将在一定程度上缓解可口革囊星虫苗种紧缺的现状。     

可口革囊星虫生态繁育技术的研究

可口革囊星虫适宜在腐殖质多、底质较硬的互花米草区域生长繁殖。开展可口革囊星虫互花米草区繁养殖,可以把互花米草有害区改造成可口革囊星虫繁养殖基地,变废为宝充分保护利用海洋环境。2018年～2020年,依托福建省水产技术推广总站科技创新与推广示范项目,笔者在福建省霞浦县埕坞互花米草蔓延滩涂进行可口革囊星虫生态繁育试验,取得了较好的效果。     

可口革囊星虫对温度、盐度的耐受性试验

可口革囊星虫(Phascoloma esculenta)属星虫动物门、革囊星虫纲、革囊星虫目、革囊星虫科、革囊星虫属,是我国的特有种,主要分布于广东、广西、海南岛、福建、浙江沿海,有些地方的潮间带栖息密度较大[1-2]。可口革囊星虫肉味鲜美、营养丰富,加工成品“沙虫干”是著名的海产珍品之一,深受国内外消费者欢迎;做成“土蒜冻”制品具有滋阴降火、补肾益智、泻火的功效[3-4]。目前,有关可口革囊星虫的生物学基础资料较少[5-7],笔者探讨温度和盐度变化对可口革囊星虫的影响,从而为可口革囊星虫的人工养殖和人工育苗提供理论依据。1材料与方法1.1材…     

可口革囊星虫人工养殖试验

可口革囊星虫（Phascolosoma esculenta)俗称海丁、沙虫，属星虫门、革囊星虫科动物，为我国的特有种，分布于浙江以南沿海，栖息于潮间带营底埋生活，体柔软蠕虫状、长圆筒形，最大个体约10cm，以底栖硅藻、有机碎屑为食。可口革囊星虫肉味鲜美、营养丰富，加工成品“沙虫干”是著名的海产珍     

可口革囊星虫高密度养殖技术

正可口革囊星虫俗称泥丁,是生长在潮间带高潮区、泥沙底质地带的经济类星虫,主要分布于我国南海沿岸海滩,红树林底下的滩涂是它的最佳栖息地。笔者对可口革囊星虫育苗及养成的探索始于2012年,现将多年累积的经验与大家分享。一、可口革囊星虫养殖场地的选址可口革囊星虫以海底的有机碎屑、底栖硅藻     

可口革囊星虫人工养殖获高效

可口革囊星虫Phascolosoma esculenta俗称海丁、沙虫,属星虫门、革囊星虫科动物,为我国的特有种,分布于浙江以南沿海,栖息于潮间带,营底埋生活,体柔软蠕虫状、长圆筒形,最大个体约10厘米,以底栖硅藻、有机碎屑为     

可口革囊星虫的生物学特性与养殖技术

可口革囊星虫(Phascoknma esulenta)属于星虫动物门革囊星虫科革囊星虫属动物，为我国特有种，广泛分布于浙江、福建、广东、广西、海南和台湾等省区，在各产地均为著名小吃，具有滋阴、补肾、去火的食疗作用，被誉为“动物人参”。在浙江一带加工成“沙虫干”，是著名的海产珍品。在闽南地区用做传     

可口革囊星虫与贝类间养技术

可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenda)俗称海丁、海马蝗、沙虫,属星虫门、革囊星虫科动物,为我国的特有种,分布于东南沿海。该种类含有丰富的氨基酸,     

海产新品种“可口革囊星虫”在陆基浅水池塘养殖成功

长江以南的浙江温岭市将原野生在自然海区高滩、沙砾涂中的“可口革囊星虫”(俗称海丁、沙虫),人工移入陆基浅水池塘养殖获得成功。浙东南沿海城市———温岭背山面海,条件优越,常年有适量淡水注入,海水比重适中(1郾008~1郾020之间),泥沙质涂地肥沃,底栖生物饵料源丰富,非常适宜“可口革囊星虫”的健康繁殖和养殖。2003年该市在坞根镇八一塘内开发建成的300亩浅水池塘,3月份投放1500条/千克的大规格自然星虫苗种。经过8个多月的精心试养,科学管理,12月份陆续捞挖捕捉,平均产商品虫规格400~500条/千克,亩产值达22000元,除去当年生产成本6000…     

盐度对不同规格可口革囊星虫耗氧率和排氨率的影响

水温18.5~20℃下,采取实验生态学方法,测定了10、15、20、25、30和35盐度下3种规格[干质量(0.220±0.000)、(0.489±0.002)g和(0.899±0.002)g]可口革囊星虫的耗氧率和排氨率。试验结果表明,盐度、规格均显著影响可口革囊星虫的耗氧率和排氨率(P0.05)。在盐度10~25时,3种规格可口革囊星虫的耗氧率和排氨率均随盐度增加而增大,盐度25时达到峰值后,随着盐度增大而减小。耗氧率和排氨率与盐度呈一元二次函数关系:y=ax~2+bx+c。在相同盐度下,可口革囊星虫的耗氧率和排氨率随体质量的增大而显著减小(P0.05),且耗氧率和排氨率与干质量符合y=amb模型。盐度10~35时,可口革囊星虫的氧氮比值为5.947~25.246,表明可口革囊星虫主要由蛋白质和脂肪提供能量。     

沿海滩涂低盐水体条件下大型池塘斑点叉尾鱼回高效养殖技术

为进一步优化沿海滩涂低盐水体条件下大型池塘斑点叉尾鱼回养殖技术模式,在江苏盐城东台、大丰、射阳、连云港等地分别设置4个试验点,每个试验点选取2口池塘开展了养殖试验.采取低密度(9000～15000尾/hm2)放养大规格(0.25～0.30 kg)斑点叉尾鱼回鱼种的方式,加强饲养管理,投喂优质膨化颗粒饲料,并做好养殖病害...     

南美白对虾篷布池分级养殖技术与模式试验

为探索南美白对虾稳产高效养殖模式,通过对2口面积共计1 hm~2的连栋大棚养殖池塘进行改造,在大棚内设置净面积约35 m~2的篷布池135口,辅以供水、增氧、排水以及尾水处理等设施,引进SPF一代南美白对虾苗种,采用集中标粗后再分级养成的模式进行试验。2020年放养两茬虾苗,单位面积产量达到13.85 kg/m~2,产值595.9元/m~2,利润222.16元/m~2。折合每公顷产量138 500 kg,产值595.90万元,利润222.20万元。试验结果表明,大棚篷布池养殖投资较低,建设周期短,养殖环境可控,是1种适合于推广的南美白对虾高效养殖模式。     

上海低盐海区的坛紫菜栽培试验

为建立低盐度海区的紫菜栽培模式,选用人工选育的耐低盐坛紫菜品系(DY-1),于2010—2013年在芦潮港海区开展了生产性栽培试验.2010—2011年度试验栽培面积为0.2 hm2,获得了初步成功;2011—2012和2012—2013两个年度试验栽培面积均为1 hm2,生产期分别为181 d和174 d,均采收了4...     

方斑东风螺室内水泥池养殖研究

在35口面积均为30 m2的室内水泥池中,分7种规格、11个不同养殖密度组,共投放45.7万粒方斑东风螺苗进行养殖试验。经过151~216 d的养殖,共获商品螺2574.9 kg,平均单产2.5 kg/m2,平均规格146粒/kg(115~192粒/kg),成活率82.2%(48.4%~97.8%),饵料系数2.6。苗种规格为870~9200粒/kg的成活率较高且稳定,成活率超过86.5%,规格大于12170粒/kg的成活率明显下降,23400粒/kg的成活率仅为48.4%;投放密度为185.6~868.2粒/m2时,密度对养殖成活率影响不明显,但对养成规格影响较大,养殖密度超过542.6粒/m2时,生长速度明显下降。     

Production of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Stocked at Different Densities in Polyculture Systems in Brazil

Abstract.— The effect of stocking prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii at increasing densities in ponds with Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared at low density was evaluated. Twelve 0.01-ha earthen ponds were stocked with 1 tilapia/m² and 0, 2, 4, or 6 postlarvae prawn/m². Three replicates were randomly assigned to each prawn density. Postlarval prawns were stocked a week prior to tilapia juveniles and both were harvested 175 d after the beginning of the experiment. Tilapia final average weight, survival, production, and food conversion rates did not differ significantly among treatments ( P > 0.05); the averages were 531 g, 67%. 3,673 kg/ha, and 1.91, respectively. Prawn survival rates did not differ for the three stocking densities (mean 90%). However, final weight and production were significantly different ( P < 0.05) as follows: 34.0, 23.0, and 14.7 g and 639, 909, and 818 kg/ha, respectively for 2. 4, and 6 prawns/m² densities. Stocking densities up to 6 prawn/m² did not affect tilapia production and required neither additional feeding nor significant changes in management. The polyculture system allowed an increase in total production with the same amount of supplied feed, thus improving the system sustainability.     

Intensive Culture Potential of Penaeus vannamei

Tank and pond rearing studies were conducted to assess the potential for intensive culture of Penaeus vannamei in South Carolina. Postlarvae were stocked in intensive nursery tanks at 500/ m². Growth and survival were compared for shrimp reared in control fiberglass tanks and in tanks with artificial substrates (fiberglass screen). Addition of substrate improved survival (82% versus 58%), but not growth. Juvenile shrimp (mean weight, 1.3 g) from the nursery trial were stocked into 6 m diameter tanks at densities of 10, 20 and 40/m². Growth rate was inversely related to stocking density, with mean sizes of 33.9, 32.5, and 26.7 g attained at the low, medium, and high densities respectively after 168 days. At harvest, standing crop biomass averaged 225.6, 442.0, and 685.4 g/m² for the three densities. To further test the intensive culture potential, two 0.1 ha ponds were stocked with hatchery-reared postlarvae at densities of approximately 40 and 45/m². The ponds were managed intensively using paddlewheel aerators and water exchange averaging 16–17%/day. The ponds were harvested after 138 and 169 days and yielded 6,010 kg/ha of 16.7 g (mean weight) shrimp and 7,503 kg/ha of 17.9 g shrimp, respectively. Average production was 6,757 kg/ha with a food conversion of 2.51. These data suggest good potential for intensive pond culture of P. vannamei in South Carolina and other areas of the continental United States.     

长江中游监利江段鱼卵及仔稚鱼时空分布

2010年5-7月对长江中游监利江段鱼卵和仔稚鱼的时空分布进行调查,共采集到鱼卵样品9494粒,仔稚鱼样品328422尾,分属8目15科43属51种.结果显示:5-7月鱼卵的平均密度为13.3 ind./100m3,最大密度值87.8 ind./100 m3,主要集中在5月;5-7月仔稚鱼平均密度为61.8 ind./...     

威海双岛湾海域海草分布及其生态特征

2016年8月,现场调查并分析了山东省威海市双岛湾海域的海草资源及其生态特征,发现分布面积为442.19hm²的海草床,种类为鳗草(Zostera marina)和红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis) 2种。鳗草的分布面积约为434.46 hm²,占总面积的98.3%,主要分布在双岛湾中部东侧及海参池,其平均植株密度和生物量分别为(174.2±9.2) shoots/m²和(337.7±17.5) g DW/m²。红纤维虾形草的分布面积约为7.73 hm²,占总面积的1.7%,主要分布在双岛湾湾口东侧及向东约3 km的近岸礁石浅水区,呈明显的带状分布,其平均植株密度和生物量分别为(889.1±17.1)shoots/m²和(605.9±18.1) g DW/m²。双岛湾海草床平均水深约为1.6 m,鳗草草床底质坚硬,平均底质粒径约为(4.3±0.2)mm。本调查表明,双岛湾海草床受到陆源污染物排放、围海养殖和捕捞作业等人类活动的严重威胁,提出了保护双岛湾海草床的建议和对策,为我国海草床现有资源提供数据补充。     

Artificial Propagation of Mutton Snapper Lutjanus analis, A New Candidate Marine Fish Species for Aquaculture

Abstract Wild-caught mutton snapper Lutjanus analis , a high-value marine food fish species, matured in flow-through seawater (36 g/L) tanks after 3 yr in captivity. On 31 May 1995, a female with a mean oocyte diameter of 382 μm was injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (500 IU/kg body wt.) followed 24 h later by a second injection (1,000 IU/kg body wt.). At the time of the second injection, three males were injected with HCG (500 IU/ kg body wt.). Voluntary spawning occurred 33 h after the first injection, with a total of 534, 781 eggs released. Fertilization rate was 75.7%, while average diameter of fertilized eggs was 783 μm. Embryos were stocked in a 30-m³ outdoor tank at a density of 10.5/L. On day 2 post-hatching (d2ph), larval density was 8.61 larvae/L, and average notochord length was 2.6 mm. Larvae were fed ss-type rotifers from dl-d28ph, Artemia nauplii from 0–08ph, and artificial diets (52–48% protein) from d24-d38ph. On d38ph, fish averaged 0.308 g and 22.2 mm standard length. Survival (from d2ph) was 14.3%, with a total of 36,900 post-metamorphic juveniles produced. On d97ph, 1,390 hatchery-reared juveniles (avg. wt. = 10.5 g) were stocked into two 14.5-m³ recirculating seawater tanks (695 fish/tank; 48 fish/m³) and fed a 56% protein pellet. After 168 d, fish averaged 140.8 g, with a survival rate of 97.8% and a feed conversion ratio (dry wt./wet wt.) of 1.2. These preliminary results reveal the mutton snapper to be a prime, new candidate species for commercial cultivation.     

缢蛏与对虾无公害生态养殖技术研究

改造66．7hm^2对虾养殖池塘,放养规格6000粒／kg的缢蛏苗种6250kg,日本对虾苗种1200万尾（2茬）,当年共收获缢蛏（规格6．67cm）270100kg,对吓124400kg,实现产值537．39万元,利税369．67万元。