一种用于颗粒肥料小型加工场的搅拌散热装置的设计

针对颗粒肥料小型加工场对粒料进行散热降温及搅拌打散的需求,设计制作一种搅拌散热装置。基于大型肥料冷却设备的工作原理,结合自落式的搅拌机理,在场地的空间布局受限条件下,选定平行于地面的搅拌筒体装置,设置筒体尺寸为φ1800 mm×2300 mm,并确立了正反转的搅拌动作。利用齿轮传动的方式,通过试验确定了搅拌筒体在反转情况下,3块出料板的结构和出料方式,以及筒体在正转情况下,抄料板的结构和排列形式。依据小型加工场场地空间布局,确立了装置的整体外形尺寸参数。选取合适的电机和二级齿轮减速机作为动力系统,确定#304不锈钢为搅拌筒的制作材料,其余部件为普通碳钢。该搅拌散热装置应用于生产中,取得了良好的效果。     

新型环式拌胶机的研究

现有拌胶机普遍存在进料不畅、有扬尘,进胶口易堵塞以及冷却系统密封不可靠等问题.新设计的环式拌胶机冷却系统采用夹层筒体、双套管搅拌轴和中空拌齿等结构,并采用成熟的泵用机械密封型式,将进料方式由径向改为切向,进胶口也进行了重新设计.经生产运行试验表明,原有问题均得到有效解决,效果良好.     

混凝土车辆搅拌筒装载量与驱动功率的精确计算

为确定混凝土搅拌筒容积与驱动功率,详细分析了搅拌筒的几何结构,建立了搅拌筒容积的精确计算模型,基于该模型推导了任意物料平面的整体质心以及此时搅拌筒驱动功率的表达式,通过工程车辆实际装载量与模拟计算数值的对比,结果表明该数学模型有较高的精度,该程序化计算模型可应用于相关设计计算中。     

导流板对立式搅拌磨破碎行为的影响

以立式螺旋搅拌磨为研究对象,设计了一种带导流板的磨筒,通过离散单元仿真软件对磨机进行模拟仿真,研究了导流板对磨机性能的影响。仿真模拟的速度云图及碰撞数据表明导流板能够提高磨机内研磨介质的速度梯度以及碰撞能量,从而提高破碎效果,为立式搅拌磨的优化设计提供了一定的参考。     

干式厌氧发酵反应器设计研究

从干式厌氧发酵的温度和搅拌方式、筒体加热方式和强度校核、搅拌轴的机械强度校核等方面全面阐述了反应器的设计过程。中温机械搅拌是干式厌氧发酵的优选方式，短管支撑式蜂窝夹套不仅可以保持温度相对恒定，而且还可以增加筒体强度，很好地满足工艺和设计要求。同时，夹套设计中拉撑的设计需要从拉撑间距和单根拉撑所需截面面积两方面进行强度校核。搅拌轴的设计应首先考虑搅拌功率，然后从搅拌轴的屈服强度、挠度、疲劳强度和刚度几个方面来对搅拌轴机械强度进行校核。该反应器的设计，为干式厌氧发酵技术应用提供支持。     

星马“混凝土搅拌筒旋转的杆操纵装置”获国家专利

由星马股份公司技术部裴志军、张峰、李鹏飞共同发明的＂混凝土搅拌筒旋转的杆操纵装置＂,最近获国家实用新型专利。现有混凝土搅拌运输车的搅拌筒的正反转和筒体的加速旋转分别采用两种不同的操纵装置,分别予以控制,结构较繁琐,不仅生产成本高,     

新型环式抖胶机的研究

现有拌胶机普遍存在进料不畅、有扬尘、进胶口县堵塞以及冷却系统密封不可靠等问题。新设计的环式拌胶机冷却系统采用夹层筒体、双套管搅拌轴和中空拌齿等结构，并采用成熟的泵用机械密封型式，将进料方式由径向改为切向，进胶口也进行了重新设计。经生产运行试验表明，原有问题均得到有效解决，效果良好。     

搅拌滚筒内非牛顿流体的流场分析

针对混凝土这种典型的非牛顿流体中的宾汉流体,建立了其本构方程和流体力学模型.以有限元为依据,应用计算流体动力学技术,基于k-ε模型,利用Fluent软件计算了预拌混凝土在搅拌滚筒内的三维流场,数值模拟搅拌叶片螺旋角为73°时流场的流线和轴向出料速度,较为真实地反映了混凝土在滚筒内搅拌的实际情况.通过与搅拌叶片螺旋角为66°和80°的搅拌滚筒内流动的模拟计算比对,表明螺旋角为73°的叶片的搅拌性能和出料速度均优于其他螺旋角的搅拌叶片,能满足搅拌运输车的搅拌滚筒对拌料匀质、送料连续和低动力消耗的要求.同时进行了相应的试验比对,验证了模拟分析的正确性.该搅拌筒内非牛顿宾汉流体混凝土流动的数值模拟,表明基于k-ε模型的CFD数值模拟方法可以用于搅拌筒内混凝土这种非牛顿流体的搅拌过程的分析.     

油茶籽网带式干燥机的温度均匀性仿真研究

为了改善网带式干燥机内温度场的分布均匀情况,缓解油茶籽干燥后储存过程中出现的发霉变质问题,保证干燥品质和出油率,以多孔介质模型代替油茶籽物料层,建立干燥机的温度场仿真模型.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术对腔内温度场进行数值模拟和预测,研究入口热风速度大小对干燥腔内温度均匀性的影响.结果 表明:在入口风速为6～8m/s...     

断齿式挤压脱水流道内流场数值模拟

为了探讨在间断距离影响下断齿式螺旋流道的脱水性能,采用双流体模型对断齿螺旋在20、35、50 mm 3种间断距离下的流场进行数值模拟,对比分析了3种结构参数模型下断齿式螺旋脱水装置工作性能、流道内颗粒浓度分布、颗粒速度分布及多孔介质区域内外压差分布情况。研究表明,数值模拟结果能够较为准确地推测断齿式螺旋挤压脱水装置的内部流动特性。50 mm间断距离下断齿式螺旋挤压脱水装置工作效率最大下降了7.9%,20 mm间断距离下出渣口颗粒体积分数下降3.2%;流道内颗粒体积分数变化分3个阶段,整体呈波浪型递增式趋势,间断长度对腔体内部流态影响较大。间断区对颗粒运动具有一定的缓冲作用,间断距离长短能够控制颗粒在腔体内的滞留时间。多孔介质区域内外侧压差在脱水后期增幅最大,相同工况下间断距离越小压差越大。本次模拟计算下最优间断距离为35 mm、出渣口压力为5 000 Pa、转速为50 r/min。该研究可为断齿式螺旋挤压脱水装置的设计提供参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。