糖对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟及其发育能力的影响

试验旨在研究不同种类、不同浓度的糖对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟和发育能力的影响,进一步探索和优化牦牛卵母细胞培养体系,提高卵母细胞体外成熟和胚胎生产效率。在牦牛卵母细胞成熟液中添加不同浓度（0、5和10 mmol/L）的葡萄糖或蔗糖,培养24 h或预培养2 h后移入无糖培养基中继续培养22 h,统计卵母细胞体外成熟率及体外受精（IVF）后的胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率。结果显示,与对照组（0 mmol/L）相比,5和10 mmol/L葡萄糖组牦牛卵母细胞核成熟率和体外受精胚胎卵裂率均显著提高（P<0.05）,10 mmol/L葡萄糖组的囊胚率最高,且与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）。添加10 mmol/L蔗糖可以显著提高牦牛卵母细胞核成熟率（P<0.05）,但胚胎囊胚率与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。此外,用10 mmol/L葡萄糖预处理牦牛卵母细胞后其核成熟率、胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率最高,且均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。由此可见,糖对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟和发育有一定的影响,在成熟过程中添加适当浓度的糖能提高卵母细胞成熟率及体外受精胚胎发育能力。     

牦牛、黄牛卵巢卵泡发育及卵母细胞体外成熟培养的比较研究

对53头成年黄牛和44头成年牦牛卵巢形态、表面卵泡数量、黄体状况以及卵母细胞体外成熟培养等进行了比对研究,探讨牦牛和黄牛卵巢的形态学差异和卵泡卵母细胞发育变化规律。结果表明,成年黄牛卵巢的体积(11.12±5.77vs.6.92±7.0)和重量(5.85±2.98vs.3.19±1.58)显著大于成年牦牛卵巢(P0.05);成年黄牛Ⅰ级卵泡数(13.04±8.12vs.7.97±3.72)、Ⅲ级卵泡数(0.42±0.52vs.0.02±0.15)、总卵泡数(14.46±8.92vs.8.98±3.87)和卵巢黄体直径(1.54±0.44vs.1.2±0.51)显著大于牦牛(P0.05);采集卵巢卵母细胞,黄牛卵母细胞数量显著多于牦牛,经体外成熟培养A级卵母细胞培养24h第一极体的排除率显著高于B级和C级卵母细胞,同一体外成熟时间和相同分级的黄牛和牦牛卵母细胞第一极体的排除率差异不显著。     

褪黑素抑制氧化应激促进牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

牦牛卵母细胞在体外成熟过程中易承受较高的氧化应激水平,而褪黑素作为一种有效的自由基清除剂和广谱抗氧化剂,可直接清除ROS从而减少细胞氧化损伤.本研究旨在探讨在卵母细胞成熟培养液中添加褪黑素对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响及其潜在的机制.本试验以牦牛卵母细胞为研究对象,在体外成熟液中分别添加0、10-7、10-9、1-11 ...     

白牦牛早期胚胎发育条件的初步研究

研究了卵母细胞质量和体外受精卵培养温度对白牦牛早期胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:白牦牛体外受精时要选择A级质量的卵母细胞,体外受精胚胎发育的最适温度为38℃。为完善白牦牛胚胎的体外生产体系提供了实验依据。     

白牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

研究了不同激素配比、性周期阶段对白牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响，同时研究了不同培养基对早期胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明：M199＋0．2mmol／L丙酮酸钠＋10％NBs＋5．0mg／L LH＋0．5mg／LFSH＋1＞g／ml 17β-E2是白牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟较为理想的培养系统（成熟率79．4％、卵裂率42．5％）。采集白牦牛卵母细胞时卵巢所处性周期阶段（卵泡期、黄体期）影响卵母细胞的体外成熟（成熟率分别为77．6％、69．5％，卵裂率分别为45．7％、35．6％）。输卵管上皮细胞和颗粒细胞是理想的共培养细胞，能有效克服白牦牛早期胚胎发育阻滞（桑囊胚发育率分别为10．6％、7．7％）。     

SIRT1对牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟与老化的影响

旨在探索SIRT1在牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟与老化过程中的作用。本研究在体外成熟液中分别添加SIRT1特异性激动剂SRT2104 (SRT组)和特异性抑制剂Inauhzin (INZ组),牦牛卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COCs)体外培养24 h后,观察卵丘细胞的扩展和第一极体的排出情况;利用免疫荧光检测体外培养24与36 h后卵母细胞内的ROS水平;采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测体外培养24与36 h后卵母细胞内SIRT1、FOXO3a、SOD2以及Bax的表达水平;体外培养24与36 h后的牦牛卵母细胞进行体外受精,观察并统计其卵裂率与囊胚形成率。结果显示,体外培养24 h,SRT组的卵丘细胞扩展程度显著高于对照组(P0.05),而INZ组的卵丘细胞扩展程度和第一极体排出率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。随着体外培养时间的增加,卵母细胞内的ROS水平显著增加(P0.05);添加SRT2104能显著抑制卵母细胞中ROS水平的积累(P0.05),而添加Inauhzin则显著上调卵母细胞内的ROS水平(P0.05)。体外培养24 h后,SRT组SIRT1、FOXO3a与SOD2的表达水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),但Bax的表达水平显著降低(P0.05);INZ组的SIRT1、FOXO3a与SOD2表达均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但Bax的表达水平显著上调(P0.05)。牦牛卵母细胞体外培养24 h后,SRT组的卵裂率与囊胚形成率显著高于INZ组和对照组(P0.05);卵母细胞体外培养36 h后,INZ组的卵裂率和囊胚形成率显著低于其他组(P0.05)。综上表明,SIRT1参与了牦牛卵母细胞的体外成熟,在体外培养液中适当添加SIRT1激动剂,有利于卵母细胞体外成熟及缓解老化,同时改善早期胚胎的发育能力。     

GDNF、LIF和SCF对山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)不仅是胚胎体外生产的关键一环,还可以为体细胞核移植提供受体卵母细胞.卵母细胞的成熟是一个复杂的动态过程,影响卵母细胞体外成熟的因素众多,成熟率通常为40%～80%,优化培养条件是提高体外培养卵母细胞成熟率及体外成熟卵母细胞质量的关键,大量的研究者通过在培养液中添加细胞因子来促进卵母细胞成熟[1].文献报道将胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)、白血病抑制因子(LIF)、干细胞因子(SCF)用于小鼠、绵羊和人的细胞培养中取得了较理想效果[2],但未见将三种成分用于山羊的报道.本试验研究比较了不同浓度GDNF、LIF、SCF及其不同组合对山羊体外培养卵母细胞成熟率的影响,拟优化培养条件,提高卵母细胞的成熟率.     

牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养研究进展

随着近几十年生物技术和胚胎工程的不断发展,人们在人工授精、体外受精、胚胎技术等方面不断探索,为优良家畜的育种、保护濒危珍稀动物、动物基因改良提供了有利条件。牦牛是青海省特有物种,近十几年牦牛体外受精和胚胎培养,育种改良方面已经有一些突破。牦牛卵母细胞是这些技术最重要、最基础的资源。牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养是这些技术的关键所在。     

西藏牦牛颗粒细胞的体外培养

分别收集西藏牦牛卵泡液中和卵母细胞成熟培养后分离下来的颗粒细胞,进行体外培养实验,以优化西藏牦牛颗粒细胞的体外培养方法。实验结果显示:原代培养时,从卵泡液中收集的颗粒细胞和从卵母细胞成熟培养后分离下来的颗粒细胞形成单层分别需要6~7 d和5~6 d;传代培养时,2种来源的颗粒细胞均在接种后第2天开始贴壁,第3~5天呈优势生长,第6天左右长满平皿底,当传至第3代培养后,即可获得纯化的颗粒细胞。实验结果表明,与从卵泡液中分离下来的颗粒细胞相比,收集从卵母细胞成熟培养后分离下来的颗粒细胞进行体外培养具有简便、快速的优点。     

不同采集方法和不同培养液对辽宁绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

为了获取高质量的卵泡卵母细胞,提高绒山羊体外胚胎生产的效率,试验采用切割法和抽吸法采集卵泡卵母细胞,并对获得的可用卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养。结果表明:采用切割法可以得到较多的可用卵母细胞,用于体外成熟的卵母细胞数明显增加;39.0℃条件下10%胎牛血清(FCS)的M199培养液成熟率为78.57%,而10 mg/mL牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的M199培养液成熟率为74.07%,且差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精技术的研究进展

论述牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精的最新研究进展，包括卵丘卵母细胞复合体、卵母细胞的体内、体外成熟，以及体内、体外的异常成熟和卵母细胞的体外成熟方法，无蛋白质、无血清系统的限定性培养液的研究进展，卵母细胞体外成熟状态与标志的某些理论上的突破；体外受精中精子供体的选择、精子活力和正常形态的选择、冷冻解冻精液的体外获能、精子的体外受精力，以及体外的异常受精；还论述了牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精技术在家畜育种和胚胎克隆等方面的应用前景     

Effect of Sugar on in vitro Maturation and Developmental Competence of Yak Oocytes

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different types and different concentrations of sugar on in vitro maturation(IVM) and developmental competence of yak oocytes, for being further research and optimization culture system of yak oocytes for efficient maturity yak oocytes and productivity of embryos. Immature yak oocytes were matured in vitro on culture medium with different concentrations (0,5 and 10 mmol/L) of glucose and sucrose in incubator for 24 h or 2 h pretreament with sugar and 22 h without sugar. Subsequently, then the maturation of oocytes,the cleavage rates and blastocyst formation rates after in vitro fertilization(IVF) were evaluated. The results showed that a medium with 5 and 10 mmol/L glucose IVM could significantly increase the yak oocytes maturation and cleavage (P<0.05), and the highest blastocyst formation rates in 10 mmol/L glucose group was significantly higher than 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05).10 mmol/L sucrose could increase significantly the nucleus maturation rates (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of the blastocyst formation rates after IVF between 0 and 10 mmol/L sucrose (P>0.05). Furthermore, the nucleus maturation rates,IVF cleavage rates and blastocyst formation rates of yak oocytes which pretreated with 10 mmol/L glucose were the highest in these groups, and were higher than 0 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). It manifested that the appropriate concentration of sugar could improve the quality of yak oocytes and embryos in vitro developmental competence, so it influenced in vitro development of yak oocytes indirectly.     

Production and quality of bovine oocytes and embryos

Many factors influence the efficiency of the in vitro embryo production technology in cattle but the most important are the physiological conditions of the donor and the culture protocols for oocyte maturation and fertilization and for embryo culture from zygote to blastocyst. Therefore, general factors such as age, body conditions and herd management play a pivotal role together with more specific factors such as reproductive soundness and ovarian cyclicity. Given that good quality and competent oocytes are available a complex series of processes, including oocyte maturation, fertilization and culture of the derived zygotes, must be completed to generate viable embryos.     

共培养体系对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟影响的研究进展

卵母细胞体外成熟是进行体外胚胎生产的关键环节,但目前哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟培养存在成熟率低、受精率低和胚胎质量差等问题。卵母细胞体外成熟培养体系是制约卵母细胞体外成熟效果的重要因素,共培养体系可提高哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟效率。本文主要从卵母细胞成熟与卵泡细胞共培养、与裸卵共培养和与间充质干细胞共培养3个方面综述共培养体系对哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,为共培养体系应用于卵母细胞体外成熟提供理论依据和研究借鉴。     

G蛋白偶联受体50在牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟过程中的表达与亚细胞定位研究

试验旨在研究G蛋白偶联受体50（G protein-coupled receptor 50,GPR50）在牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟过程中的表达与定位规律,为进一步解析卵母细胞成熟的分子机制及理解牦牛繁殖的特异性提供依据。通过牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养,利用免疫荧光染色监测不同时间点（0~24 h）纺锤丝形态和核相的变化,确定牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂4个时期,包括生发泡期（germinal vesicle,GV）、生发泡破裂期（germinal vesicle break down,GVBD）、第一次减数分裂中期（metaphase Ⅰ,MⅠ）与第二次减数分裂中期（metaphase Ⅱ,MⅡ）的时间点。在此基础上,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测GPR50基因在牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中的动态表达量,免疫荧光染色检测GPR50蛋白在卵母细胞成熟过程中的的亚细胞动态定位情况。结果表明,牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟0 h时90%处于GV期,6 h时94%处于GVBD期,16 h时92%细胞处于MⅠ期,24 h时94%处于MⅡ期。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,GPR50基因在牦牛卵母细胞GV期即有表达,并在GVBD、MⅠ、MⅡ期成熟过程中逐渐升高,在MⅡ期达到顶峰,且极显著高于GV与GVBD期（P<0.01）。GPR50蛋白在牦牛卵母细胞GV期时集中在膜上表达,并随着成熟进程的发展在细胞质和细胞膜均大量表达,在MⅡ期高亮度弥散表达。以上结果表明,GPR50基因参与牦牛卵母细胞减数分裂过程并发挥重要作用,为研究GPR50在牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中的作用及机制提供了依据。     

6月龄和成年牦牛卵巢及卵泡发育状况研究

为了研究6月龄牦牛和成年牦牛卵巢及表面卵泡发育状况,试验比较了6月龄和成年牦牛卵巢长度、宽度、厚度、重量、卵泡数量以及卵母细胞体外成熟培养效果。结果表明:成年牦牛卵巢长度(2.29±0.43)cm、宽度(1.91±1.31)cm和厚度(1.60±1.90)cm均显著大于6月龄牦牛[(1.65±0.30)cm、(1.14±0.25)cm、(0.79±0.26)cm](P<0.05),成年牦牛卵巢体积(6.92±7.00)cm3和重量(3.19±1.58)g极显著大于6月龄牦牛体积(1.63±0.93)cm3和重量(0.87±0.44)g(P<0.01)。6月龄牦牛Ⅰ级卵泡数(14.47±8.74)枚和平均总卵泡数(15.17±8.87)枚极显著高于成年牦牛Ⅰ级卵泡数(7.97±3.72)枚和平均总卵泡数(8.98±3.87)枚(P<0.01),Ⅱ级卵泡数差异不显著(P>0.05),成年牦牛平均每头含(0.02±0.15)枚Ⅲ级卵泡,而6月龄牦牛无Ⅲ级卵泡。成年牦牛有黄体卵巢重量显著大于无黄体卵巢重量(P<0.05),有黄体卵巢含(0.06±0.24)枚Ⅲ级卵泡,而无黄体卵巢不含Ⅲ级卵泡。6月龄和成年牦牛A、B级卵母细胞体外培养成熟率分别为(81.39±3.53)%、(80.44±4.50)%,差异不显著(P>0.05),而6月龄牦牛卵巢的平均卵母细胞数和平均A、B级卵母细胞数均显著高于成年牦牛(P<0.05)。     

青春期前山羊卵母细胞体外生产胚胎的研究进展

青春期前卵母细胞的来源广泛,作为体外胚胎生产的试验材料,国外这方面的研究报道较多。作者就青春期前山羊卵母细胞体外成熟、成熟后细胞质中细胞器的变化情况、体外受精技术和胚胎体外培养等方面研究情况作一综述,供研究者参考。     

Effects of exposure to zearalenone on porcine oocytes and sperm during maturation and fertilization in vitro

The influence of acute exposure to zearalenone (ZEN) on porcine oocyte maturation, fertilization or sperm penetration ability during both in vitro maturation and fertilization was evaluated. First, oocytes were cultured in ZEN-containing (0-1000 μg/l) maturation medium and then fertilized. The oocytes maturing in vitro without ZEN were then fertilized in ZEN-containing fertilization medium. The maturation rates of oocytes and penetration ability of sperm decreased significantly in the presence of 1000 μg/l of ZEN. However, neither increases in the rates of degeneration and DNA fragmentation of oocytes nor reductions in normal and polyspermic fertilization were observed. ZEN did not affect the sperm penetration rates; however, 1000 μg/l ZEN had positive effects on normal and polyspermic fertilization rates. Therefore, it can be suggested that an acute exposure of porcine oocytes during maturation and of oocytes and sperm during fertilization to ZEN up to 1000 μg/l may not affect the fertility of the oocytes.     

Influence of co‐culture with denuded oocytes during in vitro maturation on fertilization and developmental competence of cumulus‐enclosed porcine oocytes in a defined system

Co‐culture of cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) with denuded oocytes (DOs) during in vitro maturation (IVM) was reported to improve the developmental competence of oocytes via oocyte‐secreted factors in cattle. The aim of the present study was to investigate if addition of DOs during IVM can improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) results for oocytes in a defined in vitro production system in pigs. The maturation medium was porcine oocyte medium supplemented with gonadotropins, dbcAMP and β‐mercaptoethanol. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes were matured without DOs or with DOs in different ratios (9 COC, 9 COC+16 DO and 9 COC+36 DO). Consequently; oocytes were subjected to IVF as intact COCs or after denudation to examine if DO addition during IVM would affect cumulus or oocyte properties. After fertilization, penetration and normal fertilization rates of zygotes were not different between all tested groups irrespective of denudation before IVF. When zygotes were cultured for 6 days, no difference could be observed between all treatment groups in cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and cell number per blastocyst. In conclusion, irrespective of the ratio, co‐culture with DOs during IVM did not improve fertilization parameters and embryo development of cumulus‐enclosed porcine oocytes in a defined system.