大白猪NCOA1和FUT1基因多态性与繁殖性能的关联分析

本研究利用PCR-RFLP技术检测685头大白母猪NCOA1和FUT1基因多态性并对其分型,同时分析了单个基因型以及合并基因型与母猪繁殖性能的关联性。结果表明:2个基因都检测到了3种基因型;经产母猪NCOA1基因中AB型个体的总产仔数、总活仔数、死胎显著高于AA型个体(P0.05);经产母猪FUT1基因中AA型个体的总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数以及初生窝重显著高于AG型和GG型个体(P0.05);经产母猪合并基因AAAA型和ABAG型个体的总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数显著高于AAAG型个体(P0.05),ABAG型个体的死胎显著高于AAAG型个体(P0.05),AAAA型个体的初生窝重显著高于AAAG和AAGG型个体(P0.05)。由此可见,NCOA1和FUT1单基因型以及合并基因型对繁殖性能具有一定的影响,可以用其作为遗传标记辅助选择。     

杜洛克FUT1基因多态性及其与产仔性能的关联分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法对杜洛克FUT1基因多态性进行分析。结果发现:杜洛克FUT1基因开放阅读框307位点经Hin6Ⅰ酶切后,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,AA基因型的频率为0.157,A基因的频率为0.353。分析这3种基因型与杜洛克产仔性能间的关联性。结果表明:抗性纯合子AA基因型的个体1～5胎每个胎次的产仔数均值均高于AG和GG基因型,且第1胎和第4胎的产仔数均值显著高于AG和GG基因型(P<0.05),AA基因型对产仔性能而言是有益基因型。     

大白猪FUT1和PRLR基因多态性与产仔性状的关联分析

为探讨FUT1和PRLR基因多态性与母猪繁殖性状的相关性,该试验采取PCR-RFLP和PCR检测方法对909头大白猪群体进行FUT1和PRLR基因的多态性检测,并对不同基因型的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、窝重等与繁殖相关的性状进行了关联性分析。分析结果显示,在该试验群体中B基因是FUT1的优势等位基因,A基因是PRLR的优势等位基因。对于FUT1基因,AA型个体死胎比BB型少0.31头/胎(P 0.05),AA型个体总活仔数比AB型个体高1.30头/胎(P 0.05),其他繁殖性状上各基因型间均无显著差异。对于PRLR基因,AA型个体窝重比BB型个体显著高出0.84头/胎(P 0.05),各基因型间其他繁殖性状上均无显著差异。合并基因型分析发现:在大白猪中PRLR-FUT1最优分子标记组合为BBAA,其次是ABAA型组合较佳。     

小梅山猪促卵泡素β基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

用PCR SSCPs法检测小梅山猪母猪群促卵泡素 (FSH) β基因的多态性 ,分析该基因与产仔数和仔猪体重的关系。小梅山猪母猪群FSH β基因N基因频率为 0 .4 14 1,n基因频率为 0 .5 85 9,该基因处于遗传非平衡状态。nn基因型母猪的总产仔数和产活仔数比NN型母猪的分别多 0 .7头和 1.1头 (P <0 .0 5 )。小梅山猪产仔数曲线是开口向下的二次曲线 ,其中nn型母猪具有较理想的产仔模型 ,其拟合的最高产仔数最大 ,且产仔数达高峰后下降较慢。nn型母猪的仔猪初生重比NN基因型母猪的重 (P <0 .0 5 )。杂合型母猪的总产仔数 (12 .38)、产活仔数 (11.6 9)、仔猪初生重 (1.72 )和 35日龄断奶重 (2 0 .16 )比纯合型母猪的大 ,表现出一定的杂合效应。这些结果提示母猪的n等位基因对产仔数和仔猪初生重有利 ,该基因可望用于猪的标记辅助选择     

苏淮猪群体ESR1和FSHβ基因的多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联性研究

为了给提高苏淮猪繁殖性能的选育工作提供技术支持,选取经产母猪344头,检测了苏淮猪群体内雌激素受体1(ESR1)、卵泡刺激素β(FSHβ)基因的多态性,分析单个基因型及合并基因型与总产仔数、产活仔数和初生重的关联性。结果显示:在ESR1基因中,A等位基因与B等位基因的基因频率相近,分别为0.541和0.459;AA型基因型频率为0.308,AB型为0.465,BB型为0.227;不同基因型苏淮母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数和初生重无显著差异(P0.05)。在FSHβ基因中,A等位基因与B等位基因的基因频率分别为0.148和0.852;AA型基因型频率为0.027,AB型为0.241,BB型为0.732,不同基因型苏淮母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数和初生重无显著差异(P0.05);ESR1和FSHβ基因合并基因型与总产仔数、产活仔数以及初生重无关联(P0.05)。ESR1和FSHβ基因与苏淮猪母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数以及初生重性状不相关。     

ESR和FSHβ基因与梅山猪产仔数关系研究

用PCR-RFLP和PCR方法对116头梅山母猪的ESR和FSHβ基因进行分型,分析了ESR和FSHβ不同基因型和合并基因型梅山母猪的产仔数差异.结果表明,在所检测的梅山猪群体中,ESR和FSHβ基因对梅山母猪产仔数均有显著影响.无论ESR基因还是FSHβ基因,B等位基因均为增加产仔数的基因,而ABAB是产仔数最多的合并基因型.合并基因型的遗传效应大于单个基因型的效应,但不是各个基因型效应的简单相加.     

转抗仔猪腹泻候选基因FUT1克隆猪的效率分析及分子鉴定

产肠毒素大肠杆菌F18是引起仔猪断奶后腹泻的主要病原菌,α1-岩藻糖转移酶(FUT1)基因则是大肠杆菌F18与仔猪小肠黏膜黏附与否的重要候选基因,其有利基因型(不黏附)为AA。本研究前期利用体细胞核移植技术获得转AA型FUT1基因克隆猪15头,其中3头存活至断奶。为初步分析转基因克隆猪受胎率低、存活率低的原因以及鉴定转FUT1阳性克隆猪,本研究首先对代孕母猪的受胎率、妊娠期、产仔数以及转基因克隆仔猪初生重等进行统计分析,并利用PCR扩增产物直接测序方法对获得的15头转基因克隆猪进行分子鉴定。结果表明:相比自然生产母猪,转基因克隆代孕母猪受胎率较低、妊娠期较长、产仔率及活仔率均较低。15头转基因克隆猪中13头为FUT1转基因阳性克隆猪,1头存活至断奶。此外还发现,转基因阳性仔猪和阴性仔猪初生重差异显著(P=0.013)。研究结果为通过转基因以及克隆等技术手段生产及培育抗仔猪腹泻猪提供了数据参考。     

枫泾猪群体繁殖性能遗传分析

利用枫泾猪现有母猪群体进行繁殖性能的遗传分析,以母猪个体间的亲缘程度和产仔主效基因为主的分析结果得到:1)现有母猪平均近交系数为0.089,近交程度的大小未能影晌枫泾猪的产仔数性能,并且随着近交系数的增加,产仔数反而呈上升趋势;2)繁殖性能主效基因在群体中的频率高达到0.72,基因型之间具有0.5头的产仔数差别,但在初产母猪间无该基因的效应存在;3)半同胞遗传力计算得到产仔数为0.08,产活数为0.044.     

RYRl基因对母猪繁殖性能的影响

用 PCR- RFL P法检测 2 2 5头大约克母猪的 RYR1(ryanodine receptor,RYR1)基因 ,它具有 NN、Nn和 nn3种基因型 ,其频率分别为 0 .76、0 .14和 0 .10 ;等位基因 N和 n的基因频率分别为 0 .83和 0 .17。该基因处于遗传不平衡状态 (P<0 .0 1)。具有 NN、Nn和 nn基因型母猪第 1胎产仔数分别为 10 .2 1、9.6 2和 8.2 2头 ;断奶仔猪数分别为9.2 1、8.13和 7.11头。等位基因 n使仔猪断奶应激效应具上升趋势 ,对增重有不利影响 ;降低母猪的产仔数和仔猪成活率 ,对繁殖性能有不良的遗传效应 ,有必要从母猪群中清除该等位基因。     

OPN和BMP15基因与大长杂交一代母猪产仔数的关系

用PCR和PCR-RFLP方法对119头大长杂交一代母猪的OPN和BMP15基因进行分型,分析了OPN、BMP15不同基因型母猪的产仔数差异。结果表明:在所检测的大长杂交一代猪群体中,OPN和BMP15基因对大长杂交一代母猪产仔数均有显著影响(P0.05)。OPN基因对母猪产仔数呈现出BBABAA的趋势;BMP15基因中A等位基因为增加产仔数的基因,并呈现出AAABBB的趋势。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …