西南地区野生马蹄金抗寒性研究

以10份分别采自四川、云南、贵州的野生马蹄金为材料,美国引进品种普通马蹄金为对照,采用人工低温胁迫法(温度处理分别为10℃、5℃、0℃、-5℃、-10℃)进行抗寒性试验,测定其叶片相对电导率、SOD酶活性、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量等生理指标.结果表明:10份材料对不同低温处理下表现出的抗寒能力差异明显,其中SD200303、CK的抗寒能力最强,SD200513、YD200503、YD200504、GD200503抗寒力次之,SD200308、SD200310、GD200501、GD200502、YD200501抗寒力最差.     

不同遮荫强度对西南地区野生马蹄金形态特征的影响

以5份西南地区野生马蹄金为材料,1份美国引进品种普通马蹄金为对照,在4个光照梯度下(遮荫0%、遮荫30%、遮荫50%、遮荫70%)进行耐荫性研究,测定其叶长、叶宽度、叶厚、叶柄直径、叶柄长度、叶层自然高度等形态指标.结果表明:SD200310、CK、SD200411的耐荫性较差,SD200309和YD200503的耐荫性中等,GD200503的耐荫性最强.     

野生花卉资源评价因子及评价方法确定

我国有非常丰富的野生花卉资源,但目前其评价体系研究在某种程度上阻碍了野生花卉资源的开发和利用.现从自身价值和开发价值方面探讨了如何确定野生花卉的评价因子,并以层次分析法为例介绍评价方法的确立,以期为野生花卉评价体系的建立提供借鉴.     

践踏胁迫对人行道嵌草型铺装植物的表观质量影响

结合前期调查,选用铺装中出现频率较高,生长状况较好的马蹄金(Dichondra repens)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、黄花酢浆草(Oxalis pes-caprae)、蛇莓(Duchesnea indica)、地锦(Euphorbia humifusa)作为试验材料。模拟人行道嵌草型铺装设计,通过对践踏胁迫后表观质量指标(盖度、密度、均一性、质地)进行测定,结果表明:(1)轻度践踏中度践踏重度践踏;(2)在供试的5种植物中,地锦马蹄金狗牙根蛇莓黄花酢浆草;(3)在人流量大约为300人/天(轻度践踏)的人行道上做嵌草型铺装可以选择地锦、马蹄金、狗牙根作为铺装植物;在人流量大约为900人/天(中度践踏)的人行道上做嵌草型铺装可以选择地锦、马蹄金作为铺装植物;在人流量大约为1500人/天(重度践踏)的人行道上做嵌草型铺装首选植物是地锦,其次是马蹄金。     

4 份野生瓜类材料抗病性及形态特征和SSR 亲缘关系研究

 对4份野生瓜类材料进行抗病性鉴定、形态学性状调查、细胞学鉴定及SSR亲缘关系分析。结果表明,4份野生材料分别为野生红瓜[Coccinia grandis（L.）Voigt],野生小马泡（Cucumis bisexualis A. M. Lu et G. C. Wang ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang）,野生栝楼（Trichosanthes L.）和野生红籽瓜（Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermusLin et Chao）,染色体数依次为2n = 24,2n = 24,2n = 22,2n = 22。4份野生材料野生性状明显,部分食用价值低劣,难以直接利用,但其表现出植株生长茂盛,其中野生红瓜、野生栝楼和野生红籽瓜材料高抗枯萎病和白粉病,野生小马泡材料感枯萎病和白粉病。从130对SSR引物组合中筛选出15对引物分析供试材料,共得到271条清晰可辨条带,其中多态性条带124条,多态性条带百分率为45.8%。4份野生材料与4种瓜类（甜瓜、黄瓜、西瓜、南瓜）栽培品系间的相似系数为0.62 ~ 0.96。WINBOOT程序聚类分析表明,野生红瓜、野生小马泡、野生栝楼和野生红籽瓜分别与黄瓜、甜瓜、南瓜和西瓜亲缘关系最近。     

江西省五府山野生猕猴桃种质资源调查

为探明江西省五府山野生猕猴桃种质资源分布现状并发掘具有育种价值的优异种质,为野生猕猴桃资源保育及合理开发利用奠定基础,2017—2018年对五府山野生猕猴桃种质进行收集与评价。结果表明:五府山野生猕猴桃种质资源丰富,其中以野生毛花猕猴桃居多,占收集种质的78.88%。2年共收集161份野生猕猴桃种质,其中毛花猕猴桃雄株77份、雌株50份;中华猕猴桃雄株6份、雌株14份;长叶猕猴桃雄株3份、雌株11份;野生猕猴桃种质分布海拔跨度为636～1 041 m,雌雄株交叉分布。从供试野生猕猴桃种质中挖掘出20份单花药花粉数均大于6 000个、雄蕊数均大于120枚、花粉活力均高于80%的优良授粉雄株种质;3份大果型种质,其单果质量为20 g以上;3份高干物质类型种质,其果实软熟后干物质含量均大于17%。该研究可为后期优良种质选育及品种遗传改良提供原始材料。     

冀南地区蓝色野生花卉资源调查与评价

在冀南地区,选择11个野生花卉资源丰富的地点进行了为期2年多的实地野外调查,发现该地区共有蓝色野生花卉23科58属86种,含属、种较多的为唇形科、菊科。运用层次分析法(AHP),从观赏价值、生态价值、应用价值3个方面选出20个评价因子对这86种蓝色野生花卉进行综合评价,评价结果为Ⅰ级(总分值4.0000分)有14种,Ⅱ级(3.5000≤总分值4.0000)有33种,Ⅲ级(3.0000≤总分值3.5000)有26种,Ⅳ级(总分值3.0000分)有13种。Ⅰ级蓝色野生花卉为蓝盆花、华北耧斗菜、紫花耧斗菜、大叶铁线莲、并头黄芩、紫苞鸢尾等,这些野生花卉不仅观赏价值高,而且具有优秀的生态价值和应用价值,可以优先大力推广,使其科学合理地运用到城市绿化中。     

多年生观赏草的生长和繁殖特性研究

对引种的13种观赏草的物候期、生长情况、繁殖特性进行了调查研究并结合引种试验和应用调查对其引种安全性进行了评价.结果表明:13种观赏草均能够在宁波气候条件下正常生长,达到较好的景观效果,而且不存在自播和根系扩张的可能,确保了生态安全.为今后观赏草在长三角地区园林景观中的应用提供了依据.     

江西省野生猕猴桃种质资源调查

对江西省野生猕猴桃资源进行实地调查,了解了其分布、种类和数量等情况,共收集不同野生猕猴桃资源369份,其中中华野生资源345份,占调查资源总量的93. 50%,其他的野生猕猴桃资源中,美味猕猴桃3份,占调查资源总量的0. 81%;软枣猕猴桃1份,占0. 27%;京梨猕猴桃8份,占2. 17%;毛花猕猴桃8份,占2. 17%;阔叶猕猴桃4份,占1. 08%。野生猕猴桃资源为猕猴桃育种提供了丰富的材料。     

南通野生草本植物资源及园林景观应用分析

为了解南通市野生草本植物资源种类及园林应用前景,采用实地调查和室内整理的方法,于2016年3月～2017年12月,对南通市军山野生草本植物的情况进行了广泛的调查,筛选出27科62种具有观赏价值的野生草本植物,对其性状、景观价值和在园林中的应用进行描述,为更好地发掘南通市野生草本植物种质资源开发提供参考。     

氯化胆碱对马蹄金幼苗生理特性的影响

用0、10、20、30、40、50、60 mg/L浓度的氯化胆碱(CC)溶液分别喷施马蹄金幼苗,研究幼苗相关生理指标的动态变化.结果表明:随着处理浓度的增加,幼苗叶片中的还原糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素以及游离脯氨酸的含量均表现先升高后降低的趋势,但还原糖、可溶性蛋白的含量以40 mg/L时的最高,叶绿素和游离脯氨酸的含量则在50 mg/L时最高;丙二醛的含量呈现先降低后升高的态势,50 mg/L的CC时含量最低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性在40 mg/L时上升到最高,随后逐渐降低.     

The use of native turf mixtures to approach sustainable lawn in urban landscapes

Native grasses are excellent candidate species for manipulation to produce dwarf and turf type varieties as well as for producing cultivars with higher attractiveness and requiring less maintenance to be used as a turf grass in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This investigation was conducted to explore visual qualities of native grasses and their mixtures compared to commercial turf. The field experiment was set out in a split-plot in time based on a randomized experimental design with three replications. We used two native monoculture accessions, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ‘Yarand’) and (Lolium perenne L. ‘Shadegan’), Native low-variety Mixture (NM1): consisting of 50% Lolium multiflorum ‘Shadegan’? 50% Festuca spp. ‘Shadegan’, Native high-variety Mixture (NM2): consisting of 55% Lolium perenne L. ‘Yarand’? 35% Lolium perenne L. ‘Shadegan’? 5% L. multiflorum ‘Shadegan’ and 5% Festuca spp. ‘Shadegan’ and compared this with one commercial turf mixture that is commonly used in landscaping. Results indicated the effects of seasons and turf grass types and their interaction had significant effects on most variables including quality, season color, leaf texture, density, quality after clipping (p < 0.01). The visual quality measurements indicated the superiority of L. perenne ‘Shadegan’ over other native monoculture and polyculture and its ablility to compete with the commercial turf. The native turf mixture of NM2 showed several good characteristics. L. perenne ‘Yarand’ had statistically the lowest score for visual appeal as compared with the other turf types. This research suggests that the use of native grass species of L. perenne ‘Shadegan’ is worth investigating for better performance of the native landscape.     

马蹄金组织培养与植株再生

以马蹄金无菌苗为试材,子叶为外植体,对马蹄金的组织培养进行系统的研究,讨论不同植物生长调节剂种类的组合及不同浓度的配比对愈伤诱导、分化的影响。结果表明:含不同植物生长调节剂的培养基对愈伤组织的诱导频率无显著差别,诱导率均达80%～100%,但愈伤的质地却有很大的不同,以5.0mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/LNAA和0.5mg/LIAA+1.5mg/L6 BA效果最好,其中0.5mg/LIAA+1.5mg/L6-BA可直接诱导出不定芽,诱导率高达82.61%;AgNO_3对愈伤组织的分化起着重要的作用,以0.1mg/LNAA+3.0mg/L6-BA+2.0mg/LAgNO_3分化的效果最好,分化频率高达76%;最佳的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5mg/LIBA,生根率可达100%。     

多年生观赏草在北京地区的生长状况与观赏价值评价

 以生长状况、植株观赏价值、花序美感、株高等性状为评价指标, 利用灰色关联分析, 对20个多年生观赏草在北京地区春季、夏季和秋季的生长状况和观赏价值进行了综合评价。结果表明:Anemathele lessoniana和Imperata cylindrica不能适于北京地区生长; Elytrigia repens、Festuca ovina、Eragrostis curvula和Stipa krylovii在春季能产生优良的景观效果, 与理想种的关联度达0.80以上; Arundinella hirta、Elytrigia repens、Eragrostis curvula、Miscanthus sinensis‘Variegatus’及Pennisetum alopecuroides的夏季景观效果很好, 与理想种的关联度均在0.70 以上; 而Miscanthus sinensis ‘Variegatus’、Spodiopogon sibiricus、A rundinella hirta及Schizachyrium scoparium 在秋季植株色彩变化明显, 与理想种的关联度均达0.80以上。     

Effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass growth

Turf provides an irreplaceable surface for recreational and sport activities in urban landscape. Sand-based rootzone is recommended for turf establishment because of its excellent compaction resistance. It is necessary to improve the water and nutrient retention of sand-based rootzone by soil amendments in maintaining healthy turf. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of rice-husk biochar on sand-based rootzone amendment and creeping bentgrass (Agrostsis stolonifera) establishment. The results showed that bulk density was linearly decreased in proportion to rice-husk biochar. Total porosity and capillary porosity, water retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were significantly increased in proportion to rice-husk biochar. Sand-based rootzone amended with 10% of rice-husk biochar promoted the seed germination and young seedling growth with the significantly higher growth rate, leaf emergence rate, shoot and root biomass, and turf coverage than the control. These results indicate that rice-husk biochar had superior characteristics to previous reported biochars in the sand-based rootzone amendment and could be used to improve soil physical properties and turf healthy in sports and recreation playgrounds.     

草坪景观的色彩与工程技术研究——以西安国际高尔夫球场为例

草坪是城市景观中的重要组成部分,它不仅为市民提供观赏休闲的场地,也是城市体育设施如足球场、高尔夫球场、滑草场、棒球场等的场地材料,更为重要的是具有吸附尘土、保水、吸热、吸收二氧化碳、释放氧气等多种生态功能。各种草坪的色彩在各个季节中呈现不同的微妙变化,通过不同的管理技术还可以营造出不同的纹理和色彩变化供人观赏,经常在电视高尔夫球、足球比赛中看到条状、格状的草坪花纹,令人赏心悦目。文章以西安亚建国际高尔夫俱乐部的球场为例,阐述冷季型草坪色彩工程营造和管理技术的运用。为类似草坪工程提供参考和借鉴。     

核桃坚果水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响

为探究核桃果实不同部位水浸液对植物种子萌发及生长的影响,本试验以莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草4种种子为试材,对其进行核桃种子、种仁及种皮的水浸液浸泡处理,进而研究核桃果实不同部位水浸液的化感作用,旨在探讨核桃水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响。结果表明,在特定浓度下,核桃种子的水浸液对莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草种子萌发均起到抑制作用,对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用大于莴笋幼苗的生长,对马蹄金和野牛草种子生长的抑制作用大于莴笋和萝卜。核桃种仁的水浸液对幼苗生长的抑制作用大于其余2个部位的影响,表现为:核桃种仁大于核桃种壳和核桃种子。本研究探索了核桃种子水浸液的化感作用及抑制植物种子萌发的物质,为农作物间作套种、化感抗害提供了依据和指导。     

Energy balance of six common landscape surfaces and the influence of surface properties on gas exchange of four containerized tree species

Gas exchange and growth of woody landscape plants is strongly affected by underlying surfaces. In urban areas, plants are subjected to energy balance characteristics of a variety of surfaces. We investigated energy balance properties of six urban surfaces: asphalt, gravel rock mulch, lava rock mulch, concrete, pine bark mulch, and turf. Each summer over a 3-year period, incoming global shortwave radiation, surface temperature, surface reflectivity (albedo), soil temperature below each surface, and soil heat flux were measured for each surface, and total incoming radiation, thermal conductivity, and longwave radiation emitted by each surface were calculated. Differences in surface properties were analyzed by regression analysis. Albedo was greatest for concrete and least for lava rock mulch, while thermal conductivity was greatest for asphalt and least for lava rock and pine bark mulches. Under maximum incoming total radiation, regression analysis indicated: soil heat flux was greatest under asphalt and concrete and least under lava rock and pine bark mulches; soil temperature below each surface was greatest for asphalt and concrete and least for pine bark mulch; surface temperature was greatest for pine bark mulch and least for turf; and longwave radiation flux of each surface was greatest for pine bark mulch and least for turf. This research revealed that more energy was conducted into the soil below asphalt and concrete, and that a greater portion of incoming radiation was prevented from entering the soil below pine bark and lava rock mulches than below other surfaces. Due to these effects, and the lack of evaporative cooling, surface temperatures were greater, and more longwave radiation was emitted from non-vegetative surfaces than from turf. In a concurrent study, we investigated if the energy balance of turf, pine bark mulch, and asphalt surfaces influenced gas exchange of four containerized tree species grown over each surface. On several occasions over a 2-year period, morning-to-evening measurements of stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and plant water loss were made on containerized Bechtel crabapple (Malus ionensis ‘Plena’), Norway maple (Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’), globe willow (Salix matsudana ‘Navajo’) and American plane tree (Platanus occidentalis). Leaves over pine bark mulch and asphalt intercepted more longwave radiation and generally had greater leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapor difference than leaves over turf. As a result, trees over non-vegetative surfaces generally had lower stomatal conductance and water loss than trees over turf.     

中国野生白灵菇遗传多样性的SCoT 分析

 对来自新疆裕民、托里、青河等3个县的63株野生白灵菇（Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis）的遗传多样性进行了SCoT分析。9条SCoT引物共产生147条带,多态性条带比率为92.52%,平均多态性条带数为15.11。总样本的Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.261,Nei’s遗传一致度0.612 ~ 0.932,平均为0.772,这表明中国野生白灵菇具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析和主坐标分析结果高度相似,几乎将供试样本完全按地理分布划分为3大类群,表明野生白灵菇的遗传多样性与地理分布密切相关。遗传距离分析表明,3个居群中,裕民居群与托里居群的亲缘关系最近,遗传距离为0.086;托里居群与青河居群的亲缘关系最远,遗传距离为0.156。相关性分析表明,遗传距离与直线地理距离和经向地理距离均不存在相关性,而与纬向地理距离存在明显的正相关关系。     

坪用型狗牙根新品种‘保定狗牙根’

 ‘保定狗牙根’是从河北省保定市普通狗牙根种质资源中筛选出的草坪型新品种,植株低矮致密,色泽浓绿,少/免修剪等特性突出,适宜在河北保定、沧州以南的冀中南及河南、山东平原地区建植观赏型、开放型草坪及水土保持绿地等。