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微生态制剂是根据微生态学基本原理研制,用于调节机体的微生态环境。动物微生态学是研究动物机体正常微生物群与宿主的相互关系。其研究内容主要包括口腔、胃肠道、泌尿生殖道和皮肤4个生态学领域。其中胃肠道微生态学在动物生产上的作用研究最多,也最深入。 相似文献
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微生态制剂根据微生态学基本原理研制,用于调节机体的微生态环境。动物微生态学主要研究动物机体正常微生物群与宿主的相互关系。其研究内容包括口腔、胃肠道、泌尿生殖道和皮肤4个生态学领域。其中胃肠道微生态学在动物生产上的作用研究最多,也最深入。 相似文献
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微生态制剂是根据微生态学基本原理研制.用于调节机体的微生态环境。动物微生态学是研究动物机体正常微生物群与宿主相互关系。其研究内容主要包括口腔,胃肠道,泌尿生殖道和皮肤4个生态学领域。其中胃肠道微生态学在动物生产上的作用研究最多.也最深入. 相似文献
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微生态制剂是根据微生态学基本原理研制,用于调节机体的微生态环境.动物微生态学是研究动物机体正常微生物群与宿主相互关系.其研究内容主要包括口腔、胃肠道、泌尿生殖道和皮肤4个生态学领域.其中胃肠道微生态学在动物生产上的作用研究最多,也最深入. 相似文献
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猪粪样DNA提取方法的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
哺乳动物胃肠道中存在约30个属500多种不同的细菌,约1×1014个活细菌,其形成了复杂而动态平衡的微生态系统,对宿主营养物质的消化、吸收及免疫机制激活等起着十分重要的作用[1].这微生态平衡失调,机体正常的生理功能就会发生紊乱,导致疾病的发生、流行,对畜牧养殖业尤其是规模化养殖等带来极大的潜在威胁.因而,近年来对胃肠道微生物区系结构及其多样性研究成为热点,但由于胃肠道的特殊生存环境,目前有60%~80%的微生物是无法用传统的分离培养技术进行研究, 从而阻碍了人们对胃肠道微生物结构及其多样性的客观认识. 相似文献
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变性梯度凝胶电泳(deaturing grad ien t ge l e lectrophores is,DGGE)和温度梯度凝胶电泳(tem perature grad ien t ge le lectrophores is,TGGE)可以直接分离PCR扩增片段,作为一种分子指纹技术而逐渐被人们应用于微生态研究中。通过DGGE/TGGE对微生物组成的遗传特性进行表征,不但省去了菌种分离耗时耗力的工作量,更可鉴定出根据传统方法无法分离出来的菌种。作者重点描述了DGGE/TGGE的基本原理以及在胃肠道微生态研究中的应用。 相似文献
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Erin A. McKENNEY Melissa ASHWELL Joanna E. LAMBERT Vivek FELLNER 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(5):557-569
Microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to host health and nutrition. Although gut microbial ecology is well studied in livestock and domestic animals, little is known of the endogenous populations inhabiting primates or carnivora. We characterized microbial populations in fecal cultures from gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) and binturongs (Arctictis binturong) to compare the microbiomes associated with different gastrointestinal morphologies and different omnivorous feeding strategies. Each species was fed a distinct standardized diet for 2 weeks prior to fecal collection. All diets were formulated to reflect the species' feeding strategies in situ. Fresh fecal samples were pooled within species and used to inoculate in vitro batch cultures. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate were measured after 24 h of incubation. Eubacterial DNA was extracted from individual fecal samples, pooled, and the cpn60 gene region was amplified and then sequenced to identify the major eubacterial constituents associated with each host species. Short chain fatty acids (P < 0.001) and methane (P < 0.001) were significantly different across species. Eubacterial profiles were consistent with fermentation data and suggest an increase in diversity with dietary fiber. 相似文献
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Hooi Chia Tang Chin Chin Sieo Norhani Abdullah Chun Wie Chong Han Ming Gan Mohd Shaufi Mohd Asrore Chean Yeah Yong Abdul Rahman Omar Yin Wan Ho 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):116-125
Inclusion of phytase in animal feedstuff is a common practice to enhance nutrients availability. However, little is known about the effects of phytase supplementation on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, freeze-dried Mitsuokella jalaludinii phytase (MJ) was evaluated in a feeding trial with broilers fed a low available phosphorus (aP) diet. A total of 180 male broiler chicks (day-old Cobb) were assigned into three dietary treatments: Control fed with 0.4% (w/w) of available phosphorus (aP); Group T1 fed low aP [0.2% (w/w)] supplemented with MJ; and T2 fed low aP and deactivated MJ. The source of readily available P, dicalcium phosphate (DCP), was removed from low aP diet, whereby additional limestone was provided to replace the amount of Ca normally found in DCP. For each treatment, 4 replicate pens were used, where each pen consisted of 15 animals. The animals' energy intake and caecal bacterial community were monitored weekly for up to 3 weeks. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM) of broilers fed with different diets were determined. In addition, the caecal microbial diversities of broilers were assessed using high-throughput next-generation sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. The results showed that broilers fed with T1 diet have better feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to the Control (p < .05) and T2 diets (p < .05), demonstrating the efficiency of MJ as a supplement to low aP diet. Nevertheless, MJ did not significantly affect the microbial population and diversity in broilers' caeca, which mainly consists of members from Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Regardless, significant variations in the caecal bacterial composition were observed over time, probably due to succession as the broilers aged. This is the first reported study on the effect of MJ on the microbial diversity of broiler's caeca. 相似文献
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膨化秸秆微生物发酵饲料对杜寒杂交肉羊生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(2):28-34
[目的] 研究膨化秸秆微生物发酵饲料对杜寒杂交肉羊生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响。[方法] 选择81只3月龄、体重为(23.0±1.0)kg的杜寒杂交羔羊,随机分为对照组(70%精料+30%干秸秆)、试验Ⅰ组(70%精料+30%膨化秸秆微生物发酵饲料)和试验Ⅱ组(70%精料+30%膨化秸秆微生物发酵饲料,添加占日粮总蛋白浓度10%的膨化缓释尿素,NPN≥100%)。试验期为75 d,预饲期为15 d,正饲期为60 d。分析育肥羊的增重,胃肠道组织重量和表观形态。[结果] 膨化秸秆微生物发酵饲料极显著(P<0.01)提高试验组羊的采食量和日增重。试验组羊的大肠重,消化道总重和瘤胃容积均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,试验Ⅱ组羔羊瘤胃内壁颜色优于其他组。[结论] 膨化秸秆微生物发酵饲料促进了育肥羊生长性能和胃肠道发育,试验Ⅱ组的作用更明显。 相似文献
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Shijie BAI Peijun ZHANG Mingli LIN Wenzhi LIN Zixin YANG Songhai LI 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(3):324-335
Information on the gut microbiome composition of different mammals could provide novel insights into the evolution of mammals and succession of microbial communities in different hosts. However, there is limited information on the gut microbiome composition of marine mammals, especially cetaceans because of sampling constraints. In this study, we investigated the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the stomach, midgut, and hindgut of 2 stranded short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and hindgut of a stranded pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology. On the basis of the 50 most abundant operational taxonomic units, principal coordinate analysis, and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, we confirmed that the gut microbial communities of the 3 whales were different. Our results revealed that the gut microbiome of 1 stranded short-finned pilot whale GM16 was dominated by Firmicutes (mainly Clostridium) and Fusobacteria; whereas that of the other pilot whale GM19 was composed of Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (mainly Vibrio and Bacteroides, respectively), probably caused by intestinal disease and antibiotic treatment. The gut microbiome of the pygmy sperm whale was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Moreover, different gastrointestinal tract regions harbored different microbial community structures. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the gut microbiome of short-finned pilot whales, and our findings will expand our current knowledge on microbial diversity and composition in the gastrointestinal tract of cetaceans. 相似文献
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C. L. Williams S. Willard A. Kouba D. Sparks W. Holmes J. Falcone C. H. Williams A. Brown 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(3):577-585
Giant pandas exhibit seasonal changes in bamboo plant part preference. The influences on the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) microbial populations were evaluated during a 14‐month period for a pair of adult male and female giant pandas housed at the Memphis Zoo using traditional culturing methods to enumerate eight bacterial groups (total anaerobes, total aerobes (TAR), streptococci (STR), total enterics, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., lactobacilli and Clostridium spp.). Both the male and female pandas altered bamboo consumption behaviours, with a sharp decrease in leaf preference in April 2010 and returning to high levels of leaf preference from June to October, corresponding to significant shifts in the densities of TAR, STR, and lactobacilli and Bacteroides spp. These findings indicate seasonal changes in food preference affect the assemblages of microbial populations within the GIT of the giant panda and contribute to a better understanding of the importance of bamboo in this species’ foraging strategy. 相似文献