不同年代冬小麦品种叶绿素荧光和抗氧化酶活性分析

选择1949年以来河南中部麦区不同年代主栽的6个冬小麦品种为试验材料,在不同灌溉条件下对生育后期冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性变化规律进行了研究分析。结果表明：现代冬小麦品种的叶绿素含量增加,为光合功能改善奠定了基础;拔节期干旱胁迫下,现代品种旗叶的原初光能转化效率和潜在活性在开花期高于早期品种;在品种更替过程中,现代品种的丙二醛含量降低,抗氧化酶酶促系统第一道防线的SOD活性快速升高并有效清除氧自由基。早期品种在干旱胁迫下通过增加POD活性来抵御干旱。现代品种的CAT和APX活性少量增加就能及时清除过氧化物体和叶绿体内活性氧自由基的积累,使得抗氧化代谢维持在较高水平上,以保证光合器官功能的正常进行。     

温度与土壤水分对玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

为了合理、有效地进行玉米苗期田间管理,以玉米种子先玉335、良玉99为试验材料,置于人工气候箱中,研究了不同温度(15、20、25℃)和土壤质量含水率(20%、25%、30%、35%)对玉米幼苗各项生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,当土壤湿度相同时,随温度的下降,根系活力、可溶性糖质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔分数、脯氨酸质量分数、可溶性蛋白质量分数、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性呈升高趋势;当温度相同时,随土壤湿度升高丙二醛质量摩尔分数呈逐渐升高的趋势,其余指标均呈先增加后降低的趋势。持续低温、高土壤水分条件抑制玉米幼苗的正常生长。     

马尿酸对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过实施室内培养试验,研究不同浓度的外源马尿酸对小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性影响。试验结果表明：在试验前期,中、高浓度的外源马尿酸可以降低抗氧化酶活性,低浓度的外源马尿酸则促进酶活性;随着时间的延长,表现为低浓度处理时酶活性下降,而较高浓度处理时酶活性升高。     

马尿酸对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过实施室内培养试验,研究不同浓度的外源马尿酸对小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性影响。试验结果表明：在试验前期,中、高浓度的外源马尿酸可以降低抗氧化酶活性,低浓度的外源马尿酸则促进酶活性;随着时间的延长,表现为低浓度处理时酶活性下降,而较高浓度处理时酶活性升高。     

苦瓜的微波灭酶技术

在不同的微波处理、微波结合抗褐变剂处理条件下研究了苦瓜多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的微波灭酶技术.结果表明:微波功率越大,载样量越少,多酚氧化酶越易失活,而切片厚度在1 cm以下对其活性影响不大.当载样量为40 g时,样品预先在功率800 w的微波下处理1 min,再在质量浓度为0.1 μg/mL的EDTA钠盐溶液浸泡60 min,最后微波间歇处理3 min,则可使其中的多酚氧化酶活性完全钝化.过氧化物酶随微波功率增大而迅速失活,在载样量为40g、切片厚度为0.5 cm、微波功率为800 w条件下,处理1 min即可失活.     

花后高温胁迫下外施多胺对小麦干物质转运及籽粒生理特性影响

【目的】探明外施多胺与减缓小麦花后高温伤害的关系并阐明其生理机制。【方法】于2018年3—7月春小麦生长期间,选用新春6号和新春31号为试验材料,在田间增温棚中进行花后8～12 d的高温胁迫处理,比较了常温对照(CK)、高温处理(HT)、高温处理下外施精胺(HT+Spm)和高温处理下外施亚精胺(HT+Spd)4种处理下干物质的积累与转运、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质的差异。【结果】HT处理2个品种穗下1节花前贮藏同化物对籽粒贡献率显著升高,花后同化物对籽粒贡献率显著降低,外源喷施Spm和Spd能显著提高花后同化物对籽粒的贡献率;HT处理导致籽粒超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖量升高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和脯氨酸量降低,外源Spm和Spd使HT处理下MDA和可溶性糖量降低、SOD、POD和CAT活性和脯氨酸量升高。【结论】新春6号和新春31号结果基本一致。外源Spm缓解小麦花后高温伤害的效果优于Spd。     

徐州地区不同品种牛蒡品质比较

对徐州地区主要栽培的柳川理想和黄肌2个品种牛蒡中的水分、还原糖、可溶性糖、氨基酸、蛋白质、矿物元素含量和多酚氧化酶活力进行了测定比较。2个品种牛蒡中水分、可溶性糖、氨基酸和蛋白质含量(%)较高,还原糖含量则较低,其中柳川理想牛蒡中的水分、可溶性糖、还原糖及Ca、Mn和Se含量均大于黄肌牛蒡,而氨基酸、蛋白质、Fe、Cd、Cu、Pb和Cr含量则低于黄肌牛蒡。2个品种的多酚氧化酶活力均较高,柳川理想牛蒡的多酚氧化酶活力高于黄肌牛蒡。     

自动自发气调箱贮藏对甜樱桃品质及抗氧化酶的影响

以艳阳樱桃为试材,研究了气调箱保鲜处理对甜樱桃果实贮藏品质变化的影响以及抗氧化酶的调控.结果表明:甜樱桃果实在贮藏30 d后,气调箱内CO2和O2体积分数分别维持在11％ ～ 12％和9％～10％.经气调箱贮藏的甜樱桃果实硬度在各个贮藏时期均高于对照果实,并且,它保持了果实中较高的维生素C含量,有效地延缓了可溶性固形物含量的下降,诱导了贮藏前期果实中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性.气调箱贮藏延缓了果实的pH值、花青素和总酚含量的升高.气调箱贮藏最明显的效果是降低了甜樱桃果实的病害发生率,在(0±0.5)℃贮藏60 d后仍具有较好的感官品质.     

兴安百里香精油对草莓保鲜作用及生理变化研究

常温下以香辛料兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓,从贮存期草莓的失重率、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物、VC含量、可滴定酸、可溶性还原糖、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)比活力指标来研究兴安百里香精油对草莓的保鲜效果。试验结果:品质指标中,精油熏蒸气调可减少失重率、降低腐烂指数、保持较高可溶性固形物含量;生理指标中,精油熏蒸气调可有效减缓VC含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性还原糖的降低;抗氧化酶系指标中,精油熏蒸气调的CAT比活力、PPO比活力均高于对照,但对POD比活力影响不明显。可见,兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓可一定程度延长草莓的贮存期。     

亚高温下不同灌溉量对番茄苗期抗氧化酶系统的影响

采用盆栽实验法,研究了亚高温下不同补充灌溉量对番茄苗期叶片抗氧化酶系统的影响,试验设计为35℃下补充灌溉100%蒸腾蒸发量(处理1)、35℃下120%蒸腾蒸发量(处理2)及25℃下补充灌溉100%蒸腾蒸发量(CK)3个处理。结果表明:与对照相比,处理1、处理2叶片的可溶性蛋白(Pr)含量降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量增长,过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性增加。此外,亚高温条件下,处理1的叶片中Pr含量的下降趋势大于处理2,而MDA含量较对照的增加趋势则大于处理2;在处理前15d,处理1、处理2的POD、SOD、CAT活性都上升,15d之后,处理1的活性下降,处理2的活性持续上升。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。