大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡营养素利用率的影响

试验选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理设6个笼(重复),每笼8只鸡;在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%的大豆寡糖,旨在研究不同添加水平大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡营养素利用率的影响,结果表明:在低寡糖日粮中添加0.50%大豆寡糖可不同程度地提高肉仔鸡营养素的表观利用率,且21日龄的作用效果比42日龄明显;添加1.00%大豆寡糖可不同程度地提高42日龄肉仔鸡营养素表观利用率,对21日龄肉仔鸡营养素(除钙、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观利用率外)表观利用率影响相对较小;添加2.00%大豆寡糖普遍降低营养素的表观利用率。在这些营养素中,干物质、有机物、总能、粗蛋白及氨基酸的表观利用率受日粮大豆寡糖水平的影响相对较小,而钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维受日粮大豆寡糖水平的影响相对较大。     

大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0%、0．5%、1．00％或2．00％的大豆寡糖（水苏糖含量为83．7％），研究了不同添加量大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡，随机分成4个处理组，每个处理设6个笼（重复），每笼8只鸡。结果表明：大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响存在剂量反应关系，低剂量表现为促进作用，高剂量则表现为抑制作用；而且生长前期剂量反应程度强于生长后期。添加0．50％大豆寡糖，使1～21日龄生长阶段肉仔鸡的ADG比对照组显著提高了6．16％（P〈0．05）；使22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADG和1～21日龄、22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADFI有增加的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；添加1．00％大豆寡糖，使22～42日龄、1～42日龄肉仔鸡的ADG和22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADFI及F／G有增加的趋势，使1～21日龄的ADG和ADFI有降低的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；添加2．00％大豆寡糖，使1～21日龄、1～42日龄的ADG显著降低了11．13％和5．75％（P〈0．05），1～21日龄的F/G显著增加了8．67%（P〈0．05）；22～42日龄的ADG和1～21日龄、22～42日龄、1～42日龄的ADFI有下降的趋势，22～42日龄、1～42日龄的F／G有增加的趋势，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

柠檬酸对肉仔鸡肠道pH值及肠道微生物的影响

长期以来的大量研究证实，胃肠道微生物大多都是有益的并与动物存在着共生关系，这种共生关系表现在畜禽消化道为微生物提供适宜生长的环境，反过来微生物提供了动物所需要的某些营养物质。尽管对消化道微生物作用的认识还不全面，但已取得一些共识：消化道微生物参与机体物质代谢、营养转化和合成，影响营养物质的分解吸收（康白，１９８８）。同时饲料是影响消化道微生物区系建立的主要环境因素之一。本试验拟通过对肉仔鸡十二指肠、盲肠３种正常菌群的观察来研究柠檬酸对肠道正常微生物的影响。１材料与方法１．１试验设计和日粮试验采用…     

肉仔鸡盲肠微生物体外发酵非消化寡糖的比较研究

为了评价棉子糖、水苏糖、果寡糖、甘露寡糖等4种非消化寡糖的发酵特性,以采食无抗生素日粮的肉仔鸡盲肠微生物为菌源,通过体外发酵试验比较短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的产量及产生速率。结果表明:棉子糖发酵6 h后,SCFA产量即迅速增加,显著高于其他发酵底物(P<0.05),而且在各发酵底物产生SCFA中乙酸比例最大、丁酸比例最小(P<0.05);24 h,SCFA产量达到最大,丁酸比例在各发酵组中也增至最大。水苏糖和果寡糖的发酵速率紧随棉子糖之后,但6 h和12 h的SCFA产量仅为棉子糖的一半左右,24 h的SCFA总产量分别达到棉子糖的83.81%和75.84%。甘露寡糖的发酵速率最慢,6、12、24 h的SCFA总产量仅为棉子糖的23.81%、18.90%、40.94%。     

蒲公英对肉鸡盲肠菌群和短链脂肪酸含量的影响

为研究蒲公英对肉仔鸡盲肠菌群和短链脂肪酸（Short chain fatty acids,SCFAs）含量的影响及其相关性分析,试验选取120只体重相近、健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组、高剂量组分别饲喂含500、1 000 mg/kg蒲公英粉末的基础日粮,试验期42 d。通过测定分析肉仔鸡盲肠食糜中的肠道菌群和SCFAs含量以对其进行探讨。结果显示：对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组的盲肠菌群结构存在差异;与对照组相比,高剂量组肉鸡盲肠菌群绿弯菌门和黏菌门相对丰度显著提高（P<0.05）;低剂量组与高剂量组肉仔鸡盲肠中丙酸含量显著提高（P<0.05）。在肉鸡盲肠中乙酸含量与厚壁菌门、CHKCI001、Subdoligranulum相对丰度呈显著正相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）,丁酸含量与厚壁菌门、粪栖杆菌属、CHKCI001、Subdoligranulum相对丰度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;异丁酸以及异戊酸含量与放线菌门相对丰度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。乙酸、丁酸以及戊酸含量与拟...     

丁酸梭菌早期干预对大肠杆菌攻毒肉仔鸡肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响

试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)早期干预对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)攻毒肉仔鸡肠道短链脂肪酸(SFAs)和菌群结构的影响。选用1日龄ROSS肉仔鸡200只,分为两组,每组100只,试验前3 d,其中一组每天灌喂1 mL浓度为10~9CFU/mL的丁酸梭菌,另外一组灌喂1 mL生理盐水。7日龄时,将灌喂生理盐水的肉仔鸡分成对照组(Control)和大肠杆菌组(EC);灌喂丁酸梭菌的肉仔鸡分成丁酸梭菌组(CB)和丁酸梭菌+大肠杆菌组(CB+EC)。7日龄至试验结束,EC组和CB+EC组灌喂1 mL(10~8CFU/mL)产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌液进行攻毒,Control组和CB灌喂1 mL生理盐水。ETEC攻毒后第3 d和7 d屠宰取样。结果显示:①在肉仔鸡盲肠中,10日龄时,与Control组相比,CB组中乙酸含量极显著提高(P0.01),EC组中的乙酸含量显著降低(P0.05);CB组和CB+EC组中丁酸的含量较为相近,均极显著高于Control组和EC组(P0.01)。14日龄时,与Control组相比,CB组中的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸含量均显著提高(P0.05),EC组中的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸显著降低(P0.05)。②10日龄时,在CB组中,瘤胃球菌属相对丰度最高,显著高于其他各试验组(P0.05)。由此可见,丁酸梭菌早期干预大肠杆菌攻毒的肉仔鸡可一定程度上促进肠道短链脂肪酸的生成和改善盲肠菌群结构。     

大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠黏膜形态的影响

大豆寡糖其特有的发酵特性和非消化性,对动物的消化生理和营养素代谢产生重要影响,本文旨在研究不同添加量大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠黏膜形态的影响。在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%的大豆寡糖。选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理设6个笼(重复),每笼8只鸡。结果表明:添加0.50%大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡的肠黏膜形态产生有利的影响,十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度以0.50%大豆寡糖添加组为最大;空肠和回肠的隐窝深度以0.50%大豆寡糖添加组为最小;空肠和回肠的V/C值以0.50%大豆寡糖添加组为最大,这说明0.50%大豆寡糖对空肠和回肠的黏膜形态产生最有利的影响。     

复合短链脂肪酸对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及相关作用机制的探讨

试验旨在研究复合SCFAs对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响及其相关的作用机制。120只AA肉仔鸡随机分成2组(复合SCFAs添加组和对照组),每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加复合SCFAs组的肉仔鸡的体增重、耗料量、胰腺相对重量分别提高了4.4%、5.6%、16%(P<0.05),小肠淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性分别提高了48.5%和37.3%(P<0.05),降低了十二指肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05)以及血清中葡萄糖和胰岛素的含量(P<0.05)。日粮中使用复合SCFAs可以提高肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性,减少消化道中大肠杆菌的数量,改善肉仔鸡的生产性能。     

大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠黏膜形态的的影响

大豆寡糖特有的发酵特性和非消化性,对动物的消化生理和营养素代谢产生重要影响,研究不同添加量大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠黏膜形态的影响。在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.5%、1%或2%的大豆寡糖。选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每处理6个重复,每重复8只鸡。结果表明:添加0.5%大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡的肠黏膜形态产生有利影响,十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度以0.5%大豆寡糖添加组最大;空肠和回肠的隐窝深度以0.5%大豆寡糖添加组最小;空肠和回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值以0.5%大豆寡糖添加组最大,这说明,0.5%大豆寡糖对空肠和回肠的黏膜形态产生最有利的影响。     

短链脂肪酸在生猪产业的研究与应用

短链脂肪酸是肠道微生物发酵产物,其对机体健康的影响已被广泛研究。本文就短链脂肪酸在国内外的研究进展,综述了其对猪肠道健康和代谢健康的有益影响以及在生猪养殖中的应用,旨在为新型饲料添加剂的开发与利用提供应用和理论依据。     

Exogenous infusion of short-chain fatty acids can improve intestinal functions independently of the gut microbiota

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenously infused short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the growth development and intestinal functions in a germ-free (GF) pig model. Twelve hysterectomy-derived newborn piglets were reared in six sterile isolators. All piglets were hand-fed Co60-γ-irradiated sterile milk powder for 21 d and then were switched to sterile feed for another 21 d. During the second 21-d period, GF piglets (n = 6) were orally infused with 25 mL/kg sterile saline per day, and SCFA piglets (n = 6) were orally infused with 25 mL/kg SCFAs mixture (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, 45, 15, and 11 mM, respectively) per day. We observed the concentrations of SCFAs in serum and intestine, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) abundance of G-protein-coupled receptor-43 in the ileum was increased (P < 0.05) in the SCFA group. Meanwhile, oral infusion of SCFAs enhanced (P < 0.05) the contents of glucagon-like peptide-2 in the jejunum and serum and tended to increase the villi height in the ileum (P < 0.10). Besides, the activities of lipase, trypsin, sucrase, lactase, Na⁺-K⁺-adenosine triphosphatase ([ATPase] P < 0.05), and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase (P < 0.10) were stimulated and the mRNA expressions of solute carrier family 7 (SLC₇A₁) and regeneration protein (REG)-ΙΙΙ γ in the jejunum (P < 0.05) were upregulated in the SCFA group. Additionally, SCFAs infusion downregulated the mRNA abundances of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the jejunum, ileum, or colon (P < 0.05) and increased the counts of white blood cell, neutrophils, and lymphocyte in the blood (P < 0.05). Collectively, exogenous infusion of SCFAs might improve intestinal health through promoting intestinal development and absorption function, and enhancing intestinal immune function, and these effects were occur independently of the gut microbiota.     

Effects of dietary addition of Macleaya cordata alkaloid extract on growth performance,caecal indices and breast meat fatty acids profile in male broilers

The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether a low‐dietary application (15 mg/kg) of an alkaloid preparation containing quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids and obtained from Macleaya cordata (Sangrovit) influenced caecal metabolism, growth performance and long‐chain fatty acid composition of breast meat. One‐day‐old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were fed a diet without supplement or with a 15 mg/kg dose of Sangrovit (C and A groups respectively) for 5 weeks. Although the A treatment was not accompanied by an enhanced final body weight of broilers, the intake of a diet with Sangrovit influenced the caecal microflora activity. The addition of Sangrovit to a diet decreased potentially harmful β‐glucuronidase and β‐glucosidase activities (p < 0.05 and p = 0.075 respectively), and at the same time led to a significant increase in activities of bacterial glycolytic enzymes α‐glucosidase, α‐galactosidase, β‐galactosidase in comparison to the control group. The concentration of total short‐chain fatty acids in the caecal digesta was increased in the A treatment contributing to the tendency towards lower caecal pH (p = 0.078). The analysis of breast meat fatty acids showed that the dietary application of Sangrovit evoked some changes in contents of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contents. The applied dosage of Sangrovit caused an increase in the sum of MUFA and the tendency towards lower PUFA sum (p < 0.05 and p = 0.062 respectively) as in relation with the C group. Although the nutritionally relevant n‐6/n‐3 PUFA and the (PUFA + MUFA)/saturated fatty acids ratios remained similar in both groups, further research is postulated to establish the effect of this preparation on meat quality. To sum up, despite of a lack of the improvement in final body weight, a low dose of dietary Sangrovit was found to exert positive effects on the caecal metabolism of the broilers.     

The effect of various anionic salts on ruminal pH and short-chain fatty acids in non-pregnant and non-lactating cows

AIM: To evaluate whether the different anionic salts used in the prevention of parturient paresis have an impact on the ruminal pH and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in mature non-pregnant, non-lactating cows.

METHODS: Eleven Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were administered 2,000 mEq of either one of three chloride salts, viz CaCl₂, MgCl₂, or NH₄Cl; four sulphate salts, viz CaSO₄, CaSO₄ with a grain size of 10 µm, MgSO₄, or (NH₄)₂SO₄; two combinations of anionic salts, viz CaCl₂+MgSO₄, or CaSO₄+NH₄Cl; NaCl; or water, via a ruminal cannula over a 14-day treatment period. The salts and controls were assigned in an 11 × 11 Latin square, and the cows were distributed randomly. Ruminal fluid was collected four times in each treatment period for monitoring the ruminal pH, and four times a day at Days 7 and 14 for monitoring any changes in the concentrations of SCFA.

RESULTS: Feeding anionic salts did not change the ruminal pH, total concentration of SCFA, or distribution pattern of the main SCFA acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid or valeric acid (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Feeding anionic salts has no negative side effect on the ruminal pH and concentrations of SCFA in mature non-pregnant, non-lactating cattle. Impaired function of the rumen due to the feeding of anionic salts is not likely.     

植物粉剂对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和肌肉脂肪酸的影响

文章旨在评估植物粉剂(大蒜粉和石莲花粉)对1～42?d肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.试验选择平均初始体重为(48.33±0.47)g的1日龄商品肉仔鸡640只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复32只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,药物组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,但通过饮水补充2?mg/L维吉尼亚霉素水溶剂,大蒜粉组肉...     

Effect of dietary folate level on organ weight,digesta pH,short-chain fatty acid concentration,and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets

Folate is increasingly thought to promote gastrointestinal health and regulate the diversity of gut microbiota to alleviate weaning stress in piglets. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of folate on organ weight, digesta pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 28 piglets (6.73 ± 0.62 kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments consisting of a control group, 3, 9, and 18 mg/kg of folate supplementation in a 14-d feeding trial. The results showed that piglets fed with 9 and 18 mg/kg of folate supplementation had greater (P < 0.05) average liver and spleen weight than the control group. Folate supplementation (9 and 18 mg/kg) can significantly increase (P < 0.05) the stomach pH and tend (P < 0.10) to decrease the cecum pH. Folate treatment (9 and 18 mg/kg) had a positive effect on the metabolism of SCFAs in piglets, in particular, compared with the control group, and the content of acetic acid (AA) and valeric acid was markedly increased (P < 0.05) in the cecum and colon, respectively. Moreover, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid were tended (P < 0.10) to increase in the colon. Cecum contents samples were used to determine bacterial community diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. At the genus level, in the cecum, there was a higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus mucosae in the 9 mg/kg folate supplementation group. The functional pathways analysis predicted that folate may modify nutrient metabolism by changing the gut microbiota function of weaned piglets. Furthermore, the data showed that Lactobacillus was positively correlated with AA in the cecum. Overall, these findings suggested that folate treatment could increase the organ weight and the stomach pH of weaned piglets and had beneficial effects on gut health, which might be attributed to the alteration in intestinal microbiota induced by folate and the interaction of the intestinal microbiota with SCFAs.     

不同种类有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和肠道菌群的影响研究

本试验研究不同种类有机酸对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率和肠道菌群的影响。将240只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为4个处理(对照组、1.5%柠檬酸组、1.5%延胡索酸组、0.2%复合酸化剂组),每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。在试验17～20d和38～41d分别进行代谢试验;在试验第21天和第42天进行屠宰试验。结果表明:肉鸡日粮中添加1.5%柠檬酸、1.5%延胡索酸和0.2%复合酸化剂不同程度改善肉鸡生产性能;提高前期阶段饲粮能量和养分的利用率;对42日龄盲肠内容物的pH值有一定影响,同时,柠檬酸和复合酸化剂能显著促进肉鸡42日龄直肠乳酸杆菌的增殖;综合分析所有参数,0.2%复合酸化剂的作用效果最优。     

大豆异黄酮对肉鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验选用100只21日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,即对照组和3个试验组,每个组设5个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加3、6、9mg/kg的有效大豆异黄酮。试验结果表明,肉鸡日粮中添加大豆异黄酮对肉鸡生产性能影响差异不显著(P>0.05);31日龄试验组血清中尿酸含量平均比对照组低29.25%(P<0.05);42日龄试验组腹脂垫重/体重比对照组平均低9.50%(P<0.05)。     

Effects of pH and fermentative substrate on ruminal metabolism of fatty acids during short‐term in vitro incubation

The ruminal biohydrogenation of c9,c12‐18:2 can be affected by the fibre/starch ratio of the diet and the ruminal pH. The objectives of this study were to examine independently in vitro the effects of fermentation substrate (hay vs. corn starch) and buffer pH (6 vs. 7) on the biohydrogenation of c9,c12‐18:2 carried out by grape seed oil, focusing on its t11 and t10 pathways, using 6‐h ruminal incubations. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fermentation substrate and pH affected the C18 fatty acid balance in incubated media, but few interactions were observed. Compared with starch, hay as the fermentation substrate favoured the production of 18:0 (×2.3), all trans‐18:1 isomers (×12.6) and CLA (×6.1), except c9,t11‐CLA, and the disappearance of unsaturated C18 fatty acids, but decreased the production of odd and branched chain fatty acids. Compared with pH 6 buffer, pH 7 buffer resulted in higher c9,c12‐18:2 disappearance and CLA production. For c9,t11‐CLA, an interaction was noticed between the two factors, leading to the highest production in cultures incubated on hay with the 7 pH buffer. Compared with starch, hay as fermentation substrate favoured the activity of t11 producers, which are fibrolytic bacteria, and the production of t10 isomers, possibly due to the presence of potential t10 producers in hay. Low pH resulted in a decreased t11 isomers production and in a slightly increased t10 isomers production, probably due to a modulation of enzymatic or bacterial activity.