水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景

The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here.     

Numerical simulation of circulation in the Laizhou Bay

IntroductionAs part of the Bei Dou Fisheries Research and Managements project(1997- 2 0 0 0 ) ,the Institute of MarineResearch participated in a collaborative study with the Yellow Seas Fisheries Institute on approaches to thedevelopment of theoretical models as tools for assessing the carrying capacity of bivalve production.The In-stitute of Marine Research has in recent years engaged in relatively extensive activity on numerical modellingof coastal oceans. To demonstrate some of the po…     

中挪渔业管理部门的合作

Activities 1994 In 1994 Peter Gullestad(Present Director General of Fisheries in Bergen) headed a Norwegian delegation visiting China. In his presentation of “The Norwegian experience in fisheries management and control” -he stressed the fact that overcapacity is “the root of all evil”. He also underlined that it is important not only to set up a legal system for fisheries management but also to establish reliable catch statistics. He further more pointed out that good scientific advice is the basic input for the management system.     

Twenty years of cooperation——A brief history of the"Bei Dou"project

A visit to China in September1980 by the then Norwegian Prime Minister,Mr.Odvar Nordli,initiatedthe present cooperation between fisheries institutions in China and Norway. The Prime Minister's delegationwas informed about the programme for economic reconstruction of China,a programme that also included amodernization of the fishing sector. As a support to the open door policy and the new development,Norwayoffered to donate a fisheries research vessel to China.Such a vessel could be used …     

Feed quality and pollution

IntroductionThe objective of the project was to deal with polluting problems connected with the feed quality andaquaculture.‘Feed quality’is defined by the quality of the feed ingredients with reference to the biologicaloutcome in the feeding period with special emphasis on the feed digestibility.Pollution is caused by the uneat-en feed and the undigested feed excreted with the faeces.These are detected in the surroundings (e.g.the ma-rine environment) and occur as organic pollution.The exp…     

黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究

In order to protect scientifically the fishery resources and eco-environment of Yellow River , nine investigatioins on hydrobios in the middle and upper reaches of main Yellow River had been carried out since 2002 according to The Standard for the investigation of inland fishery resources. The investigations showed the present status of the fishery resources in these reaches are as follows ：87species （genera）and 8 phylum of phytoplankton,42 species and 6 phylum of zooplankton, 14 species（genera） of banthic organism , 5 species of hydroplant, 38 species of fish. A comparative analysis,With the results of ＂the Yellow River Fishery Resources Survey in 1982＂,shows that the general trend of the plankton is that the average biomass is getting apparently decreased, the aboriginal fishes are endangered intensifically, and there must be some problem of aquatic biological invasion in these reaches. A granual miniaturization of fishes in main Yellow River has been noticed. The authors proposed to carry out investigation and researches on hydrobios resources in main Yellow River , and develop plans to protect the fishery resources in yellow River, which will be an important basis for rehabilitation of the Yellow River waters and it＇s ecological environment, for the maintenance of biological diversity of Yellow River＇s waters. And this work will be of great significance for people＇s life and sustainable development of economics in Yellow River basin.     

The cooperation between the Chinese Bureau of Fisheries and the Norwegian Directorate of fisheries

Activities1994In 1994 Peter Gullestad(Present Director General of Fisheries in Bergen) headed a Norwegian delegationvisiting China.In his presentation of“The N orwegian exp erience in fisheries management and control” - hestressed the fact that overcapacity is“the root of all evil”.He also underlined that it is important not only toset up a legal system for fisheries management but also to establish reliable catch statistics.He further morepointed out that good scientific advice is th…     

Fisheries statistics—— An importanttool for managers and scientists

FISHERIESSTATISTICS:AN IMPORTANT TOOLFORMANAGERSANDSCIENTISTSThis presentation focuses on the type of information collected through fisheries statistics that could beuseful to scientists and fisheries managers. In Norway the use of fisheries statistics as an analyzing tool formarine scientists can be dated back to around1973.At that time the Directorate of Fisheries started to com-puterize information from logbooks of the trawl fleet.The fisheries managers started to us…     

渔业生物学

941547 紫红笛鲷(Lufjomus argentimacu-latus)的生物学和养殖=Biology and cultureof the red snapper,Lutjanus argentimacu-latus[告,英]/Doi M,Singhagraiwan T.—The research project of fishery resource de-volopment in the Kingdom of Thailand:TheEastern Marine Fisheries Devolopment Cen-ter.—1993.—51这是泰国东部海洋渔业发展中心(EMDEC)     

饥饿胁迫对鲤肠道与肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of starvation on digestive enzymes activity of the carp （Cyprinus carpio） at the water temperature 18 -20℃ in the cycle and flow water aquarium. The experiment was designed for four groups with three replication,which were 0 day（control） , 10 days, 20 days, 30days group. The results showed That there was a trend to drop first and keep stabilization for Cyprinus carpio body weight and Meat Content with the prolongatin of starvation, and that Effect of starvation stress on the the activity of protease in intestine and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio was significant, with the prolongatin of starvation, there was a trend to increase then drop for the activity of protease in fore-gut, mid-gut hind-gut and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio. And that the variatin for activityof amylase in fore-gut was significant butthat of the others was no significant.     

大菱鲆仔鱼皮肤发育及超微结构

The histological development and ultrastructure of larval turbot skin were studied by both light and transmission electron microscopes.The early larvae showed a complete bisymmetry of skin.The skin of 1-25days old larvae developed slowly and was composed of the thin epidermis of 1-2layers epidermal cells and undeveloped dermis before the metamorphosis.But the skin developed significantly when the.metamorphosis began.Till the completion of metamorphosis(about 60days old),the skin contained 3-4layers epidermal cells and very developed collagenous strata.Wisth the process of metamorphosis,the ocular side skin and blind side skin became different in ultrastructure.Ultrastructural observation showed the epidermis of turbot contained three types of epidermal cells;filament-containing cells,mucus cells and chloride cells.The ocular side epidermis with looser structure consisted one type of filament-containing cells,but the blind side epidermis was structured densely and two types of filament-containing cells were observed in it.Melanophores,iridophores,fibroblasts and other cell types and tisssues were found in the spongiosum of dermis.The distribution of melanophores depended on the larval developing stage and the pigmentation of skin.The differentiation of skin seems to be an adaptation for the change of life style of turbot larvae from pelagic living to benthonic living after the metamorphosis.     

象山港浮游动物生物量和丰度的季节变动

On the basis of the data of zooplankton collected from 20 stations in Xiangshan Bay in January, April, July and October, 2000, the abundance and biomass of zooplankton and the relations to mariculture environment are analyzed in this paper. The results show that there were significant seasonal variations in zooplankton biomass and abundance in the surveyed area. The biomass peaked in July, followed by April and October, and the lowest biomass appeared in January. The highest abundance was observed in April, followed by July, October and January. There were similar horizontal distribution patterns for the biomass and abundance of zooplankton. They both decreased from bay head to bay mouth in January and April, but increased from bay head to bay mouth during October. Biomass and abundance were distributed evenly in the surveyed area in July. The zooplankton biomass and abundance in cage culture area were apparently lower than those in non-culture area indicating that cage culture has negative effects on zooplankton in surrounding waters.     

线纹尖塘鳢的形态生物学与核型

This paper reports the morphological character and karyotype of Oxyeleotris lineolatus. Oxyeleotris lineolatus is native in Australia and call ed sleepy cod. It belongs to Oxyeleotris, Eleotridae, Gobioidei, Perciformes in taxonomy. Recently, it was introduced to China and local people were not familiar with it. So we carried out this study. 30 individuals have been observed and some data were recorded. It has a large mouth that is in front and up. The mandible stands out and is longer than the up jaw. There are many rows of thin teeth in up and down jaws. The pelvie fins are located in chest and pectoral fins are large and fanlike. There are two dorsal fins. The tail fin is circular. Gill rakers are sparse and the number of gill rakers is 8-12+3-4. The gas bladder belongs to physoclistaus and its stomach is strong and I-like. The intestine is thick and short and no pyloric caecas. The length of the digestive path is 48.1％-80.3% of the length of body. Its liver has two lobes and the liver weight is 4.1%-7.2% of the body weight. The digestive organs characters are same as the trait of flesheater fish. Its scale belongs to ctenoid scale and its body surface shows several long lines. There is not lateral line in the body. The number of vertebra is 26-27 and it has 10-11 pairs rib. The number of diploid chromosome is 2n=46 and the karyotype formula is 2sm+8st+36t，NF=48. The relative length of chromosome is from 1.37% to 3.48% and it is continuity. No strange size chromosomes relation to sex was observed. The karyotype of Oxyeleotris lineolatus is similar to that of Oxyeletris marmoratus Bleeker from South East Asia and both of them belong to Oxyeleotri. It testifies the correctness of traditional classification on cytology.     

6种常用渔药对厚颌鲂鱼苗的急性毒性试验

The acute toxicity of the mixture of copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate （ratio 5： 2）, potassium permanganate （ KMnO4 ） , trichlorphon （ C4H8O4 C13P） , strong-chloride, bromochloropropene and formalin towards Larva of Megalobrama pellegrini was studied at by biological toxic test method at the water temperature of 29℃ to 30℃. The results showed that the median-lethal concentrations of 48h were 5.78,6.50,4.90,2.55,0. 042,120 mg/L, respectively; the safe concentrations were 0. 445,0. 528 、0. 268,0. 190,0. 003,7. 500mg/L, respectively. The larva of Megalobrama pellegrini is more sensitive than other fish, bromochloropropene can＇t be used. The drug dosage and time should be based on the specific situation circumstances in production.     

桃林口水库浮游动物周年多样性性分布

Four primary zooplankton species in Taolinkou reservoir located at Qinglong fiver in Qinglong Manchu county in Hebei province were investigated from April 2007 to March 2008, and the zooplankton species and anniversary distribution were concluded. The results showed that in the investigating period 57 kinds of zooplankton were totally found with protozoa 16, rotifera 22, cladocera 12 and copepoda 7, the forms and the preponderant species were different in different months. The average quantity of zooplankton in each month was 185.90 ind./L. The maximum quantity appeared at the earlier autumn. The average quantity （513.60 ind./L） of all sampling stations raised to its peak in August. The quantity was increasing with the temperature in spring and summer, decreasing after September, and lowest in winter. The average biomass was 1.68 mg/L which was the same diversification as the average quantity.     

渔业统计——渔业管理者和科学家的一个重要工具

FISHERIES STATISTICS： AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR MANAGERS AND SCIENTISTS This presentation focuses on the type of information collected through fisheries statistics that could be useful to scientists and fisheries managers. In Norway the use of fisheries statistics as an analyzing tool for marine scientists can be dated back to around 1973. At that time the Directorate of Fisheries started to computerize information from logbooks of the trawl fleet. The fisheries managers started to use fisheries statistics as an analyzing tool by the late 1970's. Once again the computerization of sales notes information together with additional statistical information, enabled the manager to regroup the information according to new problems to be analyzed and new questions to be answered.     

C02浓度对光生物反应器高效培养的湛江叉鞭金藻和盐藻的影响

The effects of CO2 concentration on the growth and photosynthesis of Dicrateria zhang, jiangensis and Dunaliella sp, in 100 liter air lift photobioreactors were investigated. The results showed that biomass of both algae significantly increased in high CO2 concentration (above 700μL ? L^-1) compared to low CO2 concentration (350μL?L^-1) ,and the culture periods were shorter, However, no significant difference as observed in growth rate when the alga cultured in CO2 concentration of 700μL? L^-1 and 1000μL? L^-1, respectively. These for the maximum photosynthetic rate(Pm) and saturating irradiance level(Ik) of the two species remarkably raised with the elevated CO2 concentration, so was the initial slope(α)of Dunaliella sp.     

盐度对黄鲷胚胎发育及早期仔鱼生长的影响

The effect of salinity on embryo and early larva development of Dentex tumiforns was discussed. Floating forms of egg in different salinities, optimal salinity for embryonic development and early larva growth was studied. The results showed: 1. In immobile condition, all eggs sank at salinity of 32.0, most of egg ssuspended in the middle of water at 34.0, and all eggs floated on the surface when salinity above 36.0. 2. Eggs did not hatch out at salinity of below 10.0 or above 60.0 and the death time of egg gradually moved up with increase or decline of salinity. Eggs hatched out at salinity range of 15.0 and 50.0, including abnormal larva. There was indistinct difference in speed of embryonic development (about 36-40h) within the salinity of 15.0 and 50.0. However the salinity had a great effect on larval survival after hatching and abnormal rate. The relation between hatching rate and salinity variation showed parabola but abnormal rate showed inverted parabola. The hatching rate was 81%-86% and abnormal rate of yolk sac larva was 27%-30% in suitable salinities of 27.0-39.0. The hatching rate was 89%-91% and abnormal rate was 13%-16% in optimal salinities of 33.0-36.0. The oil ball of abnormal larva was located in the central or front position. With increased extent of salinity, spondyle of larva bended and number of larva with arrhythmia increased. 3. The optimal salinities were 30.0-35.0 based on SAI. The test with SAI showed that SAI of early larvae was 41.25-47.53 at salinities of 30.0-35.0, the yolk and oil ball of 7-8 days larva was completely absorbed with a survival rate of 88%.     

甲胺磷、辛硫磷对坛紫菜叶状体的生理效应

In this paper, the effects of methmidophos and phoxim with different concentrations and schedule on soluble protein content and chlorophyl a (Chla) content in Porphyra haintanensis were studied under experimental and ecological conditions. The results showed as follows: (1) there were some time-effect and dose-effect relationships between the pollutants and Chla contents. The Chla content of most of groups decreased with the increasing of dose and prolonging of the exposure time. In the same concentration, the toxicities of phoxim to Chla content was stronger than that of methmidophos. (2) All concentration groups in this study didn‘t show the significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships between pollutants and the soluble protein. And there was no significant difference of the soluble protein content among various groups.     

半滑舌鳎染色体核型分析

The tonguefish Cynoglossus semilaevis (Giinther) is a rare fish species in Chinese offing, inhabiting in the warm water bottom. The metaphase chromosome preparation of the fries has been got from their fins by hot air drying methods, while the metaphase chromosomes of one year old young fish which has physiologically sex differentiation has teen got from their renal tissues by the method of PHA and colchicine injection. The karyotypes were examined. The result shows that there are 42 acrocentric chromosomes in diploid and their karyotype formula is 2n = 42t, and there existed heterotypic sex chromosome which belongs to ZW/ZZ type. The sex ratio in artificial bred stock is nearly 1 : 1.