海南热带果园桔小实蝇诱捕效果比较研究

2021年3月至11月,在杨桃园和莲雾园,经调查发现桔小实蝇在杨桃园和莲雾园均发生3代,杨桃园和莲雾园对桔小实蝇总量、雌蝇、雄蝇的诱捕存在极显著性差异（P=0.001）,且杨桃园桔小实蝇总量、雌蝇总量、雄蝇总量均高于莲雾园。在不同诱剂处理下,杨桃园和莲雾园之间均存在极显著性差异（P=0.000）,杨桃园和莲雾园桔小实蝇雌蝇的诱虫量和诱捕效果：塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器＞塞拉诺克,95%甲基丁香酚＞黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器。对桔小实蝇雄蝇的诱虫量和诱捕效果在杨桃园：95%甲基丁香酚＞塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器,塞拉诺克,黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器;莲雾园：95%甲基丁香酚＞塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器＞塞拉诺克,黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器。杨桃园和莲雾园雌蝇占比最高为塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器处理分别为68.84%、60.84%。     

不同树龄桃园桃红颈天牛的幼虫空间分布型

正据《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2018年第4期《不同树龄桃园桃红颈天牛的幼虫空间分布型研究》(作者李密等)报道,对湖南省靖州县1~20年生桃园桃红颈天牛幼虫平均密度和桃树受害率进行系统调查,应用5种聚集度指标法和两种回归模型法,比较了不同树龄天牛幼虫空间分布型的差异。     

桃园煤矿二水平地应力分布规律及对巷道围岩稳定性影响研究

本文介绍地应力测试的目的与意义,通过桃园煤矿地应力实测,对原岩应力实测结果进行分析,得出桃园煤矿二水平原岩应力分布规律,从而验证桃园煤矿巷道围岩稳定性影响原因及状况。     

浅谈桃园煤矿锚杆支护应用过程见解

从桃园煤矿锚杆支护应用过程,得到一些锚杆支护的认识,因此,认为分析不同种类锚杆结构的作用原理,考察不同设计方法的特点,探讨影响支护效果的主要因素,明确锚杆支护技术与设计方法的发展方向及工作重点,对推动桃园煤矿锚杆支护技术的发展与锚杆支护形式的普及,提高施工速度,发展高产高效矿井,降低成本,促进我矿质量经济效益的提高有着深刻的现实意义。     

增加土壤有机质可提高猕猴桃品质

据《果树学报》2013年第1期《猕猴桃园土壤养分与果实品质的多元分析》(作者刘科鹏等)报道,对奉新县15个"金魁"猕猴桃园的土壤养分与果实品质数据进行调查,采用SAS软件进行多元统计分析,筛选出影响果实品质的主要土壤营养因子。结果表明,土壤有机质除与有效锰外均呈正相关,不同土壤营养因子与果实品质之间存在着不同大小的相关系数;典型相关分析表明,单果     

平谷桃园养分投入对土壤养分的影响

据《中国农学通报》2019年第9期《平谷桃园养分投入对土壤养分的影响》(作者李艳萍)报道,以平谷区101个桃园为研究对象,2016年调查了施肥现状及其对土壤养分的影响。结果表明,平谷区桃园施用有机肥以鸡粪、羊粪、猪粪、牛粪为主,化肥投入以复合肥或氮磷钾配合施用为主;2016年比2006年总N、总P2O5和总K2O投入量高出1.6、1.6、1.8倍。     

不同沼液灌溉强度对土壤酶活的影响

近年来,畜禽养殖污染问题越来越受重视,畜禽养殖粪便经沼气发酵处理后,沼液如何有效还田利用成为研究重点,应用沼液替代部分化肥,已经成为现代化农业园区废弃物资源化的一条重要途径。本试验比较了不同沼液灌溉强度对猕猴桃园土壤酶活性的影响,结果发现,猕猴桃园土壤脲酶与转化酶活性随土层的加深而显著减弱,过氧化氢酶活性增加不显著;施入沼液后,土壤脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著升高,其中土壤脲酶活性增加的幅度最大。施入的沼液强度越大,酶活性越高。     

桃园采果后如何管理

桃园采果后,果农常以为果实已收获上市,不再重视桃园管理。一些桃园由于疏于管理,影响花芽分化与树体营养积累,从而影响下年桃树生长与结果。本文根据本地桃园一些管理经验,提出采收后桃园几点管理措施,供参考。1　土肥水管理　秋季对桃园树盘土壤进行耕翻,改善土壤通气状况,促进根系更新生长,有利于下年树体生长。桃树果实生长期间,很多矿质营养要供给果实生长,采果后树体矿质营养元素贮存不足,影响树体后期生长与矿质营养元素贮存,因此,需要补充一些矿质元素。盛果期桃树采果后可株施人粪尿2 5kg或15 %氮磷钾复合肥0 .2kg ,挖浅穴施入。另…     

白三叶对桃园小气侯和桃品质的影响

研究在桃园种植白三叶(Trifolium repens)和清耕作业对桃园小气候及大桃品质的影响。结果表明:白三叶区与清耕区比较,前者能够维持气温和地温、保持土壤水分,明显改善桃园小气候,为桃树生育提供适宜的小环境;增加果桃维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量,减少了可滴定酸含量:白三叶区大桃品质明显好于清耕区,其中糖酸比增加6.18,显著地提高了大桃的口感。     

地布覆盖能有效提升桃果实品质

正据《中国果树》2021年第8期《园艺地布覆盖对桃园土壤和桃果实品质的影响》(作者杨熠路等)报道,为探究园艺地布覆盖对桃园根际土壤理化性质、微生物和果实品质的影响,在江苏省南京地区桃园以不覆盖为对照,研究桃树树盘覆盖地布后土壤环境的变化,利用16S r RNA基因高通量测序对土壤细菌群落进行分析,探究覆盖对土壤微生物的影响。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.