双辊挤浆机的开发和应用

自行开发研制具有国际先进水平的双辊挤浆机，整机采用全封闭式结构，外形美观，自动化程序高。设备进浆浓度为3．5％～6％，出浆浓度为22％～33％，单机实观提取废液浓度高，提取率可达90％以上。可替代现有的占地面积较大、楼层要求较高的鼓式真空洗浆机组。     

真空洗浆机结构特点及工作原理

１真空洗浆机的主体结构及特点真空洗浆机由转鼓、分配阀、槽体、压辊、洗涤液喷淋装置、卸料装置、水腿管及其真空系统、传动系统组成。１．１转鼓转鼓为袋式铸造结构，小室通往分配阀的腔道比较宽大，适合用于洗涤浆料。转鼓是洗浆机的主体，其结构的合理性直接影响到上...     

洗浆机在安装及试运转中应注意的问题

水平带式真空洗浆机属于薄浆层连续逆流置换洗涤设备，其以结构简单、造价低廉、能耗低、洗涤效率高等特点被广泛应用于制浆造纸行业中。现以某林业造纸厂热磨车间ＺＮＤＩ型水平带式真空洗浆机为例，来说明其安装及试运行中应注意的问题。１ 安装前的准备工作 ①清点到货设备及附件，确保到货设备型号与设计和装箱清单相符，且无损坏现象。 ②基础复测。根据施工图纸验收洗浆机的基础。要求基础表面平整，基础标高，基础孔的位置、尺寸、深度、垂直度符合设计及规范要求，并将基础表面及基础孔清洗干净。 ③安装放线。按施工图给定的尺寸正…     

洗浆机组运行时应注意的问题

鼓式真空洗浆机是制浆造纸行业应用最广泛的洗浆设备之一，其利用稀释脱水原理进行纸浆洗涤，一般３～５台并联使用。现以某林业造纸厂化学浆车间洗筛工段４台串联使用的鼓式真空洗浆机组为例，说明其在试运转及运行中应注意的问题。１ 开机前的准备工作 ①进行设备清理，保证头槽、中间槽、尾槽底部无积水及其它杂物，各排污阀全部关闭。 ②水腿管线上所有的软管、短管及法兰应连接紧密；分配阀密封法兰等填料密封调好后，关闭水腿管线上的蝶阀． ③所有的润滑点按设备技术文件要求注油完毕． ④调整分配阀阀芯和阀体的间隙至０．５～０．…     

浅谈鼓式真空洗浆机组安装中应注意的问题

１２０ｍ２鼓式真空洗浆机组安装工艺及技术质量要求现以森工系统某厂（１．５万ｔ／ａ漂白浆板）浆板车间洗筛工段安装的４台２０ｍ２鼓式真空洗浆机组为例加以说明。该设备为分片到货现场组装,安装就位前,应先对其基础进行复测,并进行安装放线,确定工艺中心线。此４台设备为串联使用,各台真空洗浆机转鼓的横向中心线是安装的纵向基准线,其轴向中心线是横向基准线。设备总装顺序为：槽体→机座→转鼓→分配阀→传动装置→洗涤装置→机罩→螺旋输送机。在安装中应特别注意转鼓轴头的平行度、分配阀的同轴度,分配阀连接管的安装应严格…     

办公废纸脱墨工艺的研究

通过对高温高浓碎解和低浓碎解两条工艺试验结果表明，高温高浓碎解－浮选处理可得高质量脱墨浆，低浓碎解－浮选脱墨效果差，但与后继高浓磨浆和后浮选结合后，可得油墨尘埃度很低的脱墨浆。     

真空洗浆机出料螺旋的改造

真空洗浆机出料螺旋的改造（１５０８２２）黑龙江省方正林业造纸厂姜庆龙张廷义我厂制浆车间有两台３０ｍ２真空洗浆机用于阔叶木浆的清洗。在安装过程中，由于引进设备到货较晚，国产和引进设备安装脱节，使设备的安装位置发生变化。为此，我们不得不对真空洗浆机的出料...     

磨木浆中树脂生物控制的研究

我国生产磨木浆的原料主要是马尾松，但由于其树脂含量高，在制浆造纸过程中产生树脂障碍，既影响纸机的正常运转，又造成产品质量下降。本研究用脂肪酶对磨木浆进行处理，以降低浆料中树脂含量。研究了脂肪酶处理最佳工艺条件，并对脂肪酶脱除树脂的效果作出评价。结果表明：磨木浆脂肪酶处理的最佳工艺条件为：pH值6．0、温度70℃、浆浓10％、处理时间60min、酶用量0．8IU／g；在脂肪酶最佳处理工艺条件下，磨木浆与原浆相比，树脂含量下降了52．58％。而强度均有不同程度的提高。     

双辊挤浆机工作原理及主要技术特征

我厂使用的双辊挤浆机又称为沟纹挤浆机，是利用一对带沟纹的辊子挤压浆料的设备。与螺旋挤浆机比较，浆料挤压力大，作用时间较短。1工作原理将浓度约10％的浆料以一定的压力，用螺旋输送机送入密闭的浆槽内，浆槽内置一对沟纹压辊，压辊表面有一系列的沟缝，在挤压过程?..     

浮选式污泥浓缩机处理剩余活性污泥效果分析

以我国北方某污水处理厂剩余活性污泥为处理对象，采用加压溶气系统＋浮选式污泥浓缩机对含水率为98．39％～99．16％的进泥进行了为期8d的处理试验，结果表明：出泥含水率为89．67％～93．34％，平均91．09％，出水上清液平均含水率为99．90％，即上清液平均SS含量为1000mg/L ，平均电耗为1．99kW · h/m3，平均药耗为3．95kg/t干泥，与离心浓缩机相比，浮选式污泥浓缩机对剩余污泥的浓缩效果较好，但上清液含固率较高。     

世界木材制浆技术新进展

文章论述了木材制浆技术的新进展，在硫酸盐法制浆技术的革新方面，推荐了间歇蒸煮的快速置换加热（ＲＤＨ）技术与连续蒸煮的改良连续蒸煮（ＭＣＣ）和深度脱木素改良连续蒸煮（ＥＭＣＣ）技术。还介绍了超高得率制浆方法，特别是碱性过氧化氢机械制浆（ＡＰＭＰ）法和爆破制浆（ＥＰ）法，用这两种方法生产的纸浆得率高、白度高、强度高、能耗较低。     

Behavioural analysis of a nonionic detergent in the kraft pulp washing process using cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and cryo-scanning electron microscopy

In order to understand the kraft pulp decolouring mechanism on using a nonionic detergent, the pulp washing process and the resulting pulp handsheets were investigated by examining the brightness, kappa number, thioacidolysis product yield, and dewatering efficiency in the pressing sheet making process. The pulp decolouring could be attributed to a decrease in the lignin content and an improvement in the dewatering efficiency. Furthermore, the detergent distribution in the aqueous pulp suspension obtained during the pulp washing process was visualised using cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM). The detergent was clearly observed at the transverse surface of the pulp fibre cell wall and was also detected in the lumen of the fibres, suggesting the permeation of the detergent into the pulp fibre cell wall. Based on these results, the pulp decolouring mechanism can be proposed as follows: the detergent permeates into the pulp fibre cell wall and promotes the solution-exchange between the inside and the outside parts of the fibre cell wall, finally washing away the chromophoric substances such as lignin and its degradation products owing to the enhanced dewatering efficiency.     

On the selectivity of ozone delignification of softwood kraft pulps

Summary Ozonation of kraft pulp and oxygen-delignified kraft pulp in acetic acid/water mixtures has been studied at different pulp consistencies with and without an inhibitor to obtain information about the limitations of the selectivity of the ozone treatment. The experiments have been performed according to a full factorial design and data have been analysed by stepwise regression analysis. The results show that a better delignification selectivity can be achieved when ozone is applied in acetic acid media instead of conventional aqueous media. By combining conventional oxygen delignification and ozonation in acetic acid, pulps with equal strength properties and better optical properties compared to those of conventional O(DC)E prebleached pulps can be obtained. This study has also revealed that the reagent is utilized far more efficiently in ozonation at high pulp consistency (35%) than in ozonation at low consistency (1%), and that a similar selectivity can be achieved in both types of ozonation by choosing appropriate conditions. The greater selectivity of ozonation in acetic acid than in water is interpreted in terms of different stabilities of the oxidant in these reaction media. The relation between the formation of hydroxyl radicals and the extent and selectivity of delignification during ozonation has been investigated. The final bleaching of pulps prebleached with ozone in acetic acid medium has been studied. Two final bleaching sequences are presented, by which pulps with ISO brightness levels of 79% and 90% can be produced.The authors are indebted to the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling) for financial support for this work and to STORA Technology for pulp tests and analyses     

长白落叶松纸浆林木材材性及纸浆特性的研究

长白落叶松纸浆林木材材性及纸浆特性的研究王树力，吴济生，仲崇淇（黑龙江省林业科学研究所哈尔滨１５０００４０）关键词长白落叶松，纸浆林，材性分析，纸浆特性纸浆林培育过程中，生物量是所有培育者关心的问题，而纸浆材材性及纸浆特性也是十分重要的内容，它涉及到...     

TCF Bleaching of Populus tomentosa Kraft Pulps with H2O2 Pretreatment under Acid Condition

The process of peroxide bleaching of Populus tomentosa kraft pulp with H2O2 pretreatment under acid condition was studied. The variations of pulp characteristics such as brightness, Kappa number and viscosity during the peroxide bleaching process were discussed and the concept of the A/B value was presented for the first time. The results show that acid pretreatment with H2O2 is essential to improve pulp brightness and avoid viscosity loss. The conclusion is reached that the A/B value has great influence on pulp properties when the total amount of peroxide used in the bleaching process is 2%–5%. Pulp with a high viscosity and brightness can be obtained when A/B is about 0.15.     

基于EDA技术的自动立木整枝机无线遥控发射系统

立木整枝是优质工业用材林定向抚育的重要环节,采用自动立木整枝机是实现高效、高质量和安全可靠整枝的有效途径。本文综合运用电子电路设计及优化技术、无线遥控及通信编解码技术,创造性地研制了基于CPLD的无线数字编码抗干扰自动立木整枝机无线遥控发射系统,通过优化CPLD内部逻辑电路有效消除了逻辑竞争冒险、降低了噪声干扰,确保了系统逻辑设计的正确性。该系统具有可靠、节能、抗干扰、工作效率高等优点。本研究成果及方法为推进其他林业机械的自动化与智能化进程提供了一种有效的新思路。     

麦草低温氧碱蒸煮黑液降黏技术

麦草经碱法蒸煮后,所得浆料不经洗涤,直接通入氧气进行处理。以黑液黏度,浆料卡伯值为考核指标,设置4因素3水平正交试验,对试验结果作极差分析发现,在用碱量0～2%、氧压0.2～0.6 MPa、温度70～100℃和时间30～90 min内得到较适宜的工艺条件为:用碱量1%,氧压0.6 MPa,温度85℃,时间60 min。氧碱蒸煮结果为:黑液黏度3.4 mPa.s,浆料卡伯值17.9。与第一段碱法蒸煮相比,黑液黏度降低33.3%,浆料卡伯值降低11.8%。     

Enhancement of the reaction between pulp components and hydroxyl radical produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under alkaline conditions

Experiments on alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatments with stepwise addition and oxygen pressurization were performed to determine whether they enhance the reaction between pulp components and hydroxyl radicals produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. In this study the degradation of methyl-dglucopyranoside (MGP), a model compound of pulp components, was an indicator of the progression of the reaction between pulp components and hydroxyl radicals. When comparing the degradation of MGP in the stepwise and one-time addition systems, MGP was degraded more in the stepwise addition system than in the one-time addition system when Fe³⁺ was added. This result indicates that the hydroxyl radical produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide efficiently attacks MGP in the stepwise addition system. MGP was degraded to the same degree in the stepwise addition system as in the one-time addition system when Fe²⁺ or Mn²⁺ was added. Aggregation and precipitation of metal ions might affect their catalysis. Oxygen-pressurized hydrogen peroxide treatment caused almost no enhancement of the degradation of MGP compared to the treatment under atmospheric pressure. Instead, high stability of hydrogen peroxide was produced by oxygen-pressurized hydrogen peroxide treatment. Such high stability can result in frequent attacks of the hydroperoxide anion, the conjugate base of hydrogen peroxide, against some chromophores and quinones.Part of this paper was presented at the 1998 International Pulp Bleaching Conference, Helsinki, Finland     

竹三醋酸纤维素酯的研制

一、前言三醋酸纤维素酯(以下简称CTA)广泛应用于感光片基、人造丝、香烟过滤嘴丝束、反渗透膜、超滤膜、塑料、涂料、电气绝缘材料、火药助剂、透明薄膜等。不同产品性能对CTA品质的要求也有所区别,对CTA品质要求最高的是感光片基,高质量的CTA应用于感光片基,能使片基的透明性优良、尺寸稳定、机械强度适中、使用安全。国内外醋酸纤维厂家生产CTA时,绝大部分是以棉短绒为原料,用竹材作为原料制备CTA,国内尚未见报导。我们     

Genetic parameters of growth and wood quality traits in Picea abies

Genetic parameters were estimated for wood and growth traits in two 19-yr-old clonal trials and a 40-yr-old full-sib progeny trial of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. In the clonal trials high (>0.4) broad-sense heritabilities were found for wood density traits, lignin content, number of internal cracks, growth traits, spiral grain and number of resin canals. Moderate (0.2–0.4) heritabilities were found for tracheid lumen diameter and cell wall thickness, microfibril angle and tracheid length, while low heritabilities (<0.2) were found for pulp yield, fibre strength, wood stiffness and wood colour. Lignin content and pulp yield showed low genetic variation, whereas the genotypic coefficient of variation for most other traits ranged between 5 and 15%. Most traits showed low levels of genotype by environment interaction. Among the wood properties, latewood proportion, earlywood density and ring density showed significant, adverse correlations with volume in both clonal trials.