甘蓝型油菜(B.napus L.)细胞质雄性不育系MICMS的选育

本研究选用“陆奥”油菜为母本,“五十铃”油菜为父本进行品种间杂交,以父本连续回交,育成了新的质核互作结构的甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系 MICMS。该不育系花器官形态和花药解剖结构的变异现象与已知的油菜细胞质雄性不育系相似。通过不同品种测交,已鉴定出对 MICMS 具有较好恢、保能力的品种。     

甘蓝型油菜双低不育系黔油2AB的恢保关系测定及遗传研究

通过对黔油2AB与4019AB、117AB、陕2A间的恢保关系测定结构表明：甘蓝型双低油菜黔油2AB与显性细胞核雄性不育系4019AB的保持性相近,但恢复关系不同：黔油2AB与隐性细胞核雄性不育系117AB的恢保关系存在着明显差异;黔油2AB与胞质雄性不育系陕2A保持系间互换保持后,其F1的不育株比例相对黔油2AB来说从50％提高到85％～90％,相对陕2A来说不育性的稳定性和不育度得得到了明显加强,但二者的恢复关系不同。经试验结合研究分析表明：黔油3AB的不育源与以上几大类型不育材料不同,是一种甘蓝型油菜双低新型不育源。     

野生稻（O.rufipogon）新胞质改良不育系稻米品质的研究

通过核置换回交，获得一种普通野生稻（O. rufipogon）雄性不育细胞质，称为FA细胞质，育成新质源不育系金农1A。研究表明，FA细胞质不育系与WA和HL不育系的恢保关系不同，野败型的保持系和恢复系、红莲型的保持系和恢复系都可以作为FA细胞质的保持系，而不能成为FA细胞质的恢复系。这是一种新发掘的水稻雄性不育细胞质源。FA细胞质突破了WA和HL细胞质恢保关系的遗传局限，扩大了保持系育种范围，可以用品质优良的栽培品种培育成优质稻米不育系。新质源不育系金农1A不育度高，不育性稳定，农艺性状优良，抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病，开花时间早，稻米12项品质指标全部达到农业部颁发的优质米一级或二级标准，实质性地提高了不育系的稻米品质和综合水平，为培育优质米杂交稻奠定良好的遗传基础。     

白菜型油菜(B. campestris L.)双显性核不育896AB的选育

以北方白菜型油菜自交系Ｓ３－１８为母本,加拿大白菜型春油菜Ｔｏｂｉｎ为父本杂交,在自交２代中出现不育株３７ＡＢ,经研究认为,该不育材料是由２种不育基因（ＭＳＭＳｒｆｒｆ,ＭＳｍｓｒｆｒｆ）,４种保持基因（ＭＳＭＳＲｆｒｆ,ＭＳｍｒＲｆｒｆ,ｍｓｍｓＲｆｒｆ,ｍｓｍｓｒｆｒｆ）组成的杂合不育群体,用成对保持,双隐性测交的方法,经２～３个世代的选育,育成８９６ＡＢ双显性不育系及１２５ａｂ等双隐性临保系     

水稻滇Ⅰ型和BT型细胞质雄性不育系的PCR标记鉴别

中国用于杂交粳稻生产的细胞质雄性不育系仅有滇Ⅰ型和BT型,它们的不育系产生的花粉都为染败型,而且具有相同的恢保关系、同为配子体不育。因此,基于花粉败育特点和恢保关系等常规技术无法鉴别这两种不育系。本研究利用线粒体特异引物LD24对27个滇Ⅰ型不育系和9个BT型不育系进行PCR扩增,结果显示滇Ⅰ型不育系无扩增片段,BT型不育系具有1个605 bp的片段。该片段的DNA序列与水稻LD型雄性不育细胞质线粒体基因组的一个604 bp片段相似性达99%,该片段包括一个位于rps1基因下游的一段230 bp序列及rps1与orf187基因间隔区上游的一个374 bp序列。本研究的结果说明利用LD24标记的PCR产物可以有效地鉴别水稻滇Ⅰ型和BT型雄性不育细胞质。     

单,双低甘蓝型油菜胞质在雄性不育系及恢复系选育研究

研究以秦油２号出现的不育株为基本材料，与自育和引进的国内单双低油品种为父本，采用测交，回交的方法育成一批单双低甘蓝型油菜胞质雄性不育及其相应在的保持系，并实现了“三系”配套。     

烤烟新品种试验示范效果简报

为了解决仁怀市烤烟品种优良性退化的实际问题 ,于1997,1999,2 0 0 0年进行了烤烟新品种“金海一号”[系原“6 45 6”组合 ,即烤烟以雄性不育系ＭＳＧ2 8转育的ＭＳＫ394为母本 ,ＮＣ5 6 7为父本 (均为美国品种 ,杂交而成的烤烟雄性不育杂交一代组合“ＭＳＦ16 45 6”(ＭＳ表示雄性不育 ,Ｆ1表示杂交一代 )。因该组合已经 2 0 0 0年度全国烟草品种审定委员会评审通过为全国烤烟优良品种 ,命名“金海一号”。]的品比试验和生产试验示范工作。 3年的试验结果表明 :“金海一号”生长正常 ,产、质量均优于其它参试品种 ,是一个比较理想的优良品…     

华中农业大学合作研究揭示油菜雄性不育调控分子机理

正油菜是全球最重要的油料作物之一,杂种优势利用是提高油菜产量的重要途径。目前对于油菜雄性不育调控分子机理的研究还非常初步。Yi3A是我国上世纪70年代发现的细胞核雄性不育系,曾选配出多个油菜杂交种,并在生产上推广。该雄性不育系统的恢保关系受MS5位点的三个复等位基因控     

雄性不育油菜的花器形态

对白菜型油莱(B.chinensis L)和甘蓝型油菜(B.napus L)雄性不育的花器形态进行了大量观测,结果表明:雄性不育油菜的花器存在着多种形态和育性程度的变异,初步可以分为六种花器类型。本文叙述了其中有实用价值的败药不育型的花器形态特征,分析了花器形态变异与育性的关系,提出了选育有效雄性不育油菜的花器     

榨菜胞质甘蓝型油菜CMS改良及三系配套初步研究

通过杂交和连续回交的手段对榨菜胞质甘蓝型油菜CMS“93-12 A”进行改良,得到了一份新的稳定双低不育系材料“758 A”;榨菜胞质CMS恢保关系鉴定表明“758 A”与PolCMS和陕2 A CMS具有不同的恢保关系,同时筛选到1份恢复材料,对其进行改良获得5份双单倍体恢复系材料;“758 A”与不同恢复系材料的杂交配组产量鉴定结果表明,部分组合具有较好的增产潜力,“758 A”具有较好的配合力.     

中国甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育的主要类型及在育种实践中的应用

我国甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育的类型主要有：ogura CMS、nap CMS、pol CMS、Shan 2A CMS、Hau CMS、NCa CMS、Nsa CMS和NEA CMS。pol CMS和Shan 2A CMS在我国油菜杂种优势利用中发挥着重要的作用。新型不育胞质的育成以及在育种上的应用,不仅丰富了细胞质雄性不育种质资源,而且为我国油菜产业可持续发展提供了保证。     

Cytological and molecular characterization of a new cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed

It is very important for rapeseed hybrid production to develop and utilize a novel cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system concerning the possible risk because of a narrow cytoplasm background. Here the anatomy of anther development in the CMS system, named NCa , was observed using light microscope and transmission electron microscope, and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of mitochondrial DNA of NCa sterile line were also performed in comparison with the other rapeseed sterile lines, such as pol , nap , ogura , and tour . The anther abortion of this CMS line occurred at the later uninucleate microspore stage, and the anatomic aborting characteristics were obviously different from all the other rapeseed CMS lines reported before. The RFLP analyses revealed that five probe/enzyme combinations could distinguish the five CMS lines. The results of anatomic observations and mitochondrial DNA polymorphism indicated that the NCa CMS system is a novel one which differs from the pol , nap , ogura , and tour systems.     

Development and primary genetic analysis of a fertility temperature-sensitive polima cytoplasmic male sterility restorer in Brassica napus

Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F₂, BC₁ as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed.     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核 细胞质雄性不育三系的研究与利用 Ⅳ.隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育三系的创建

甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育与波里马细胞质雄性不育可能具有完全不同的不育基因系统;采用有性杂交和连续回交的方法,将甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核不育基因导入到含有波里马不育细胞质的基因型中,并得到甘蓝型油莱隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育系RGCMS—S45A和RGCMS—117A及其相应的保持系S45B和117B;采用测交方法,从隐性细胞核雄性不育系中筛选出甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育保持系9个;波里马细胞质雄性不育的恢复系均是隐性细胞核 波里马细胞质雄性不育的恢复系。     

油菜野芥NSa细胞质雄性不育系的特异性分子鉴定

常规细胞质类型鉴定方法花费时间长、工作量大、鉴定效率低、应用性较差。基于基因组重复序列的PCR技术(rep-PCR)在重复序列丰富的线粒体和原核生物的基因组鉴定中效果较好, 本研究对8份油菜资源的细胞质进行分子鉴定,结果表明rep-PCR可以明确区分甘蓝型油菜中常见的6种雄性不育细胞质。同时对甘蓝型油菜和野芥(Sinapis arvensis)体细胞杂交创建的、育性较为稳定的NSa野芥雄性不育胞质进行了分子特异性鉴定,获得了两条NSa不育胞质的特征DNA条带。但波里马和萝卜质不育细胞质的特异性引物在NSa中不能扩增出特异性片段,说明NSa不属于这两种细胞质类型。本研究结果为该不育胞质系统的利用和知识产权保护提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

体细胞杂交在油菜细胞质雄性不育创建和改良中的应用

油菜细胞质雄性不育作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统得到广泛利用，但由于油菜种内自然发生的有利用价值的雄性不育细胞质类型不多，所以种属间转移现有不育细胞质及发掘新型不育细胞质意义重大。体细胞杂交不仅避开了有性杂交亲和障碍的限制，还可实现两个杂交亲本细胞质基因组的重组，是一种快速有效、应用广泛的转移和诱导雄性不育细胞质的手段。本文综述了利用原生质体杂交技术在油菜种内、种间和属间转移雄性不育细胞质以及通过细胞质基因组重组改良和创建新型雄性不育细胞质的研究进展，并讨论了利用体细胞杂交方法创建新型雄性不育细胞质的应用前景。     

Components of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterility System in Resynthesized and Cultivated Forms of Oilseed Rape (Brassies napus L.)

Male sterile Brassica napus L. plants were found in breeding material which was used for the development of yellow-seeded oilseed rape. The genetic studies indicated that the male sterility was conditioned by the presence of maintamer genes in the nuclear backgrounds of two newly resynthesized B. napus lines, No7076 and No7406, in combination with a male sterility-inducing cytoplasm (S) which is frequently found in cultivated forms of B. napus. Test crosses with nap maintainer and restorer lines support the conclusion that the observed male sterility is of nap type. Furthermore, the Eco RI restriction pattern of mitochondrial DNA of the (S) cytoplasm was identical to that of the nap cytoplasm. Hence, we conclude that we have uncovered a new source of maintainer lines for the nap system which could potentially lead to the production of a better maintainer/restorer system for use in hybrid oilseed rape breeding programmes. However, more work is needed to reduce the glucosinolate content of the maintainer lines and to determine the factors controlling the phenotypic expression of the system.     

大白菜CMS96细胞质雄性不育系的特点分析

为了筛选和利用大白菜细胞质雄性不育系,对大白菜的3种细胞质雄性不育系：CMS96细胞质雄性不育系、波里马细胞质雄性不育系(Pol-CMS)和萝卜细胞质雄性不育系(Ogu-CMS)及其相应的保持系进行了主要植物学性状的比较研究。结果表明：Ogu-CMS存在多代转育后植株长势退化、杂交优势差,Pol-CMS存在育性受环境条件影响等缺点,而CMS96细胞质雄性不育系则克服了二者的缺点。另外,CMS96细胞质雄性不育系早期的晚抽薹性比保持系强、杂交种子的产量比保持系杂交种子产量高。CMS96细胞质雄性不育系不仅不育性稳定,多代回交不退化,而且杂交优势强,繁种产量高,表现出了广阔的育种应用前景。     

Cytological observation of anther structure and genetic investigation of a new type of cytoplasmic male sterile 0A193‐CMS in Brassica rapa L.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a maternally transmitted failure in pollen formation, is an effective pollination control system in hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding. However, CMS is not widely used in the related oilseed species Brassica rapa. In the past years, several male sterile plants have been isolated from the B. rapa landrace ‘0A193’, collected in Shaanxi, China, in 2011. It is noteworthy that the fertility expression of 0A193‐CMS was affected by temperature. In contrast to pol CMS, fertility tests with 18 B. rapa and 9 B. napus accessions suggest that a different system of maintaining and restoring is responsible for the observed phenotype. Further on, genetic investigation evidenced that fertility of 0A193‐CMS is controlled by both cytoplasmic and one pair of nuclear recessive genes. Interestingly, plants of the 0A193‐CMS type possess a highly specific fragment of the mitochondrial gene orf222, a crucial regulator of male sterility in nap CMS. Our study broadens the CMS resources in B. rapa and provides a highly applicable alternative to pol CMS and ogu CMS for hybrid breeding production.     

Establishment of a random-mating population of 'Polima' CMS restorers in Brassica napus by use of dominant genie male sterility

Five restorers of ‘polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (pol CMS) cannot restore the fertility in dominant genie male sterility (DGMS). A dominant male sterility gene from both, a DGMS line Rs l046AB and DGMS hybrid ‘Zhongza No. 3’, was successfully introduced into Polima cytoplasm. A random-mating population of pol CMS restorers was established by using many double-low pol CMS restorers as pollinators to cross continuously to the DGMS plants which had Polima cytoplasm.