狗舌草中毒独血液中吡咯代谢物的测定

用含１０％狗舌划的饲料喂猪１４４ｄ，进行了临床观察及血液Ｓ－吡咯测定。染毒后第８－９６ｄ，试验猪血液 Ｓ－吡咯ＴＬＣ测定结果呈现较为明显的淡紫色斑，Ｒｆ值在０．５６－０．７８之间，从８ｄ开始，试验猪血液Ｓ－吡咯测定值达０．０８９±０．００７Ｏ．Ｄ．单位，此后一直呈上升趋势。     

太湖猪分娩后第一周相关乳成分的动态变化

对 8头太湖猪的研究表明 ,猪乳的pH值从分娩当日 (6 38± 0 0 5 )至第 7d(7 0 8± 0 0 5 )逐日上升 ,与第 2 0d相比 ,1至 5d差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 )。乳糖含量前 3d极显著低于第 2 0d(P <0 0 1 )。分娩当日乳脂含量较低 (8 2 4% ) ,第二日达最高峰 (1 2 7% ) ,第 2、3d水平明显高于第 2 0d(P <0 0 5 )。蛋白质浓度第 1d最高 (6 4 7± 0 4 8g/ 1 0mL) ,前 4d极显著高于第 2 0d(P <0 0 1 )。     

胆囊收缩素主动免疫对猪生长性能、胴体品质影响研究

试验采用单因子设计,选用健康无病、体格健壮体重约28kg的DLY三元杂交生长肥育阉割猪15头,随机分配到3个处理中,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1头猪。处理1、2和3的猪分别用由0μg、250μg和500μgCCK-8与人血清白蛋白交联后形成抗原进行臀部肌肉多4点注射免疫,免疫的时间分别为试验第1、29、43和59d。试验期74d。结果表明:250μg、500μgCCK-8的CCK-HAS使动物体内产生了较高滴度的CCK抗体,试验43d后达到显著水平(P<0.05);同时抗体有效的中和了血液中的CCK-8,使得试验43d血液中的CCK-8显著降低(P<0.05)。其中250μg处理显著提高全期采食量、日增重,幅度为11.96%、14.62%(P<0.05);而500μg处理对生产性能没有影响。250μg、500μg处理对眼肌面积、4点平均膘厚及部分肉质指标滴水损失、大理石纹、肌肉pH、色度计L值和a值没有影响。     

二花脸猪乳中生长因子的动态分析及其与大约克猪的比较

通过 2个系列实验 ,分析了二花脸猪乳中生长因子 (IGF Ⅰ、EGF和胰岛素 )在泌乳早期 (1～ 2 1d)的含量及其变化规律 ,并与大约克猪进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,二花脸和大约克猪乳中IGF Ⅰ在初乳中浓度很高 ,分娩 1周后迅速下降 ,泌乳第 7～ 2 1天变化不大。在泌乳第 1～ 7天 ,二花脸猪乳中IGF Ⅰ低于大约克猪 ,泌乳第 7天以后又高于大约克 ,但 2种猪的差别不显著 (P >0 0 5)。猪乳中的EGF变化规律基本上和IGF Ⅰ相同。在泌乳第 1天 ,二花脸猪乳中的EGF显著低于大约克猪 (P <0 0 5) ,第 1天以后 2种猪没有明显差异。二花脸和大约克猪乳中的胰岛素在初乳很高 ,产后 4d迅速下降 ,4d以后变化幅度不大。二花脸猪乳中的胰岛素在泌乳早期 (1～ 2 1d)全都低于大约克猪 ,其中在泌乳第 1天、第 6～ 7天、第 8～10天和第 11～ 14天这 4个阶段显著低于大约克猪 (P <0 0 5)。     

蒲地蓝消炎颗粒对靶动物猪的安全性试验

为了近一步考察蒲地蓝消炎颗粒作用于靶动物猪的安全性和安全剂量范围,为该制剂的临床应用提供依据,试验选择50头35～45日龄健康仔猪并随机分成5组,每组10头仔猪。设置1个空白对照组和4个试验组,除空白对照组不给药以外,试验组依次按8 g/kg、24 g/kg、40 g/kg、80 g/kg蒲地蓝消炎颗粒与饲料一起混饲,连喂5 d,用药后观察14 d,分别于试验前、试验第7天、试验结束后对猪称重;每天上、下午分别测量猪体温;分别于试验前及试验后第7天、第14天对猪在晨饲前进行前腔静脉采血,进行血常规与血液生化指标检查。结果表明:各试验组仔猪的外观及行为特征均正常;各剂量蒲地蓝消炎颗粒对各组试验猪体重增长与体温变化无不良影响;各试验组猪的某些血液生理生化指标虽与空白对照组相比有变化,但是均在正常范围内波动,蒲地蓝消炎颗粒对猪生理生化功能无不良影响。说明蒲地蓝消炎颗粒安全范围大,在仔猪体内耐受性高,按8 g/kg(连用5 d)混饲给药对靶动物猪安全。     

聚乙烯吡咯酮在家兔超数排卵中的应用初探

聚乙烯吡咯酮 (PVP)为一大分子化合物 ,对FSH具有包被和缓释的作用 ,可延长FSH在动物体内的半衰期。本实验通过FSH与其 2 0 %溶液 (试验 1组 )、30 %溶液 (试验 2组 )和 4 0 %溶液 (试验 3组 )混合后 ,给母兔做一次性肌肉注射进行超数排卵处理 ,并与不加PVP的FSH分次连续注射法进行比较。试验结果表明 :家兔超数排卵后收集胚胎数 ,3个试验组及对照组依次为 1 8.4± 2 .4 0、2 5.3± 3.1 9、2 3.8± 5.1 2和 2 5.5± 5.36枚。经显著性检验在各组之间差异均不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。故聚乙烯吡咯酮可有效地应用于家兔的超数排卵中 ,从而减少FHS的注射次数 ,简化超排的操作程序。     

CD58与山羊早孕因子之间关系的研究

应用猪淋巴细胞Ea花环抑制试验 ,建立了山羊EPF测定的方法 ,检测了山羊妊娠早期血清中EPF的活性并对EPF与CD5 8的活性关系进行了研究。结果证明 :猪淋巴细胞Ea花环抑制试验可应用于山羊EPF活性的测定 ;妊娠早期 ( 1～ 2ld)山羊血清中存在EPF活性 ,第 1,8d有活性峰值 (RIT值分别为 18 8± 1 1,2 1 2± 1 8) ,其余时间EPF活性相对稳定 ,呈现一定规律性变化 ;CD5 8( 1∶10 0 )孵育淋巴细胞后 ,RIT值显著高于HBSS液对照组(P <0 0 5 ) ,CD5 8( 1∶2 ,1∶10 )孵育淋巴细胞后 ,RIT值极显著高于HBSS液对照 (P <0 0 1) ,认为CD5 8活性可以用Ea花环抑制试验进行测定并具有与EPF协同抗淋巴细胞血清使RIT值升高作用相似的功能 ;妊娠山羊血清经CD5 8,CD2 ,HBSS液等处理后孵育淋巴细胞 ,经CD5 8处理组RIT值极显著高于HBSS液处理组 (P <0 0 1) ,经CD2处理组RIT值极显著低于HBSS液处理组 (P <0 0 1)而与HBSS液对照组差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,表明CD5 8与EPF可共同协同抗淋巴细胞血清抑制Ea花环形成 ,CD2对EPF有一定程度的封闭作用。进一步认为CD5 8与EPF具有一定程度的抗原交叉性。     

芪贞增免颗粒对保育猪免疫提升的功效

目的:探讨芪贞增免颗粒(旭免舒)在提升保育猪免疫能力方面的效果。方法:选择50头保育猪为研究对象,25头采用黄芪多糖颗粒治疗(对照组),其他25头予以芪贞增免颗粒(实验组),采用检测保育猪蓝耳病、猪瘟抗体的形式,评估两组用药效果。结果:免疫后第10d、20d时,实验组(芪贞增免颗粒)保育猪PRRS抗体S/P值>0.4,明显高于对照组(黄芪多糖),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但免疫后第30d,两组保育猪PRRS抗体S/P值差异不显著(P>0.05).结论:芪贞增免颗粒,有利于提升免疫后第10d、20d的免疫效果,具有一定推广价值。     

血液参数作为保育猪健康状况的早期评估

本研究的目的是为了通过测定血液学指标来确定疾病的易感情况。随机选择断奶后21～28d保育仔猪进行研究。在第1天,收集血液样本。选择僵猪(无脓肿或损伤),其目的在于通过分析血液指标来判断疾病。健康猪没有表现出任何这些迹象。收集血液样本,从任意选择猪连续3d。猪处死约24～32h     

黄芪甲苷对断奶应激下犊牛生长性能及血液生化指标、血细胞理化特性的影响

为探究黄芪甲苷（ASIV）对断奶应激下犊牛生长性能及血液生化指标、血细胞理化特性的影响，试验选取体重相近、体况良好犊牛40头，平均分为4组，每组10头，对照组及试验1、2、3组分别在日粮中添加ASIV 0、0.5、1和1.5 mg/头·d，检测断奶前、断奶0、7、14和28 d血液生理生化指标及生长性能。结果表明，试验2、3组末体重显著高于对照组（p<0.05），平均日增重、干物质采食量极显著高于对照组（p<0.05）。血液生理生化指标中GLU值在断奶0 d试验2组显著高于对照（p<0.05）,28 d TP含量试验2组显著高于对照组（p<0.05），对照组在断奶前RBC值显著高于断奶14 d(p<0.05)和断奶28 d(p<0.05)RBC值；对照组、试验1组HGB值在断奶28 d显著低于本组断奶前HGB值。综合考虑，日粮添加1 g/头·d ASIV可获得较优犊牛生产性能及良好血液生理生化指标。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein