加快秸秆综合利用促进畜牧产业发展

目前我国秸秆资源年产量约6亿吨,利用率仅33%.加快农作物秸秆资源的开发利用,大力发展畜牧业,是摆在我们面前的一个重要课题.1 开发秸秆饲料资源的重要意义1．1 开发秸秆饲料资源是节约粮食的一项重要措施 我国由于人多地少,粮食生产一直是我国国民经济的薄弱环节.要想大力发展畜牧业,按现有粮食30%转化为饲料计算,则差距是较大的.因此,通过大力开发秸秆饲料资源来解决饲料不足问题,是加快发展节粮型畜牧业的一项有效措施.1．2 有效地促进了农业生产的良性循环 当前,我国粮食增产的重要手段之一是施用化肥,但多年来施用化肥不仅增加了农业生…     

现代饲料资源开发新概念

发展畜牧业必须实行科学饲养,不断开发新的饲料资源,并且提高饲料资源的有效利用率,才能保证畜牧业的可持续健康发展。随着我国饲料工业的发展,配合饲料原料的供应和饲料资源,特别是蛋白质饲料资源的开发利用逐渐向纵深发展。结合我国饲料工业的发展成就和世界饲料资源开发利用趋势,本文谈谈现代饲料资源开发的新概念,期盼能够增强开发意识。1常规配合饲料与矿物质饲料　　配合饲料是根据畜禽不同品种,不同生长发育阶段对营养物质的不同需要,把多种饲料和氨基酸、维生素、抗菌素、矿物质以及中草药等添加剂按照一定比例加工制成的…     

大学生创新创业与饲料资源开发利用问题研究

近年来,随着畜牧业和养殖业的迅猛发展,饲料行业的生产和销售规模逐步扩大,饲料资源的需求量也随之增加,目前现有的饲料资源已无法全面满足市场需求.为了改善这种局面,必须进一步加大力度开发饲料资源,解决现有资源不足问题,提高资源利用效率,推动饲料行业实现可持续发展.而大学生开展创新创业能充分发挥其创造性思维,运用个人掌握的理...     

我国畜牧业结构调整的支撑技术选择

近年来,我国畜牧业快速发展,为解决“三农”问题和丰富“菜篮子”做出了很大的贡献,但这种发展是以相对较大的资源付出和环境成本为代价的。合理调整畜牧业结构、提高现有饲料的利用率、科学开发利用潜在饲料资源、推广“三元种植业”结构、提高饲养管理水平,以及开展节粮型畜牧业适用技术的集成和多学科联合攻关等,是实现我国畜牧业可持续发展的重要技术思路。     

吉林省草业建设途径的初步探讨

草业是生产饲草饲料、开发饲料资源，促进农收业发展的新产业。笔者通过对吉林省中西部地区的主要饲料资源、利用现状及开发潜力的分析，探讨了牧区、半农半牧区、农区和城镇草业开发建设的中心任务及其措施。牧区应加强草地的管理与改造，提高草地生产力；半农半牧区应实行粮草轮作制，增加饲料来源；农区应推广玉米高梁秸秆的青贮，提高秸秆的饲料利用率，城镇应根据资源种类，办起多种形式的饲料加工企业。     

浙江粮食饲料资源的严峻状况和对策

饲料资源是饲料工业的物质基础。1988年,全省饲料企业供应的114.82万吨配合饲料有47.48%是从外省调入,饲料资源状况是严峻的。为了开发、利用我省的粮食业饲料资源加快饲料工业的发展。我们于1988年8月至1989年6月,对全省粮食业配合饲料资源情况进行了一次较全面的调查研究。调查的内容与方法1.调查品种:重点是能量饲料。在全省     

新型蛋白质饲料资源开发技术

开发廉价蛋白质饲料资源,如充分利用动物屠宰废弃物、提高杂粕类蛋白利用率及充分利用糟渣、昆虫蛋白、畜禽粪、单细胞蛋白都可以缓解蛋白质饲料资源不足的压力,有利于畜牧业的发展。     

我国饲料业的发展及饲料资源供求现状浅析

饲料是畜牧业发展的基础,进入21世纪之后,我国畜牧业发展更加迅速,畜禽存栏量和畜禽产品年产量逐年增加,因而对饲料的需求量也逐年增加。与之相比,我国粮食产量增长幅度相对较低,饲料原料的短缺问题一直影响着畜牧业的发展,成为我国畜牧业面临的一大挑战。文中结合我国畜牧业发展对饲料的需求量及饲料资源状况分析后指出:我国饲料供应量和需求量不平衡,大约80%肉禽、58%蛋禽、23%猪及14%反刍动物饲养中采用商品饲料,剩余部分则依靠传统式饲养方式,饲料工业化生产前景广阔。但是,我国现阶段的饲料原料产量仅能满足畜禽实际需求量的30%左右。充分利用现有饲料资源、加强开发非粮型饲料资源、开启新的饲料资源、实现饲料资源的工业化生产,是我国饲料工业可持续发展的必要措施。并结合中国饲料资源利用现状与可供开发饲料资源情况,分析了合理利用现有饲料资源、加强开发非粮型饲料资源的必要性。     

我国几种蛋白质饲料资源现状

蛋白原料不足是当今饲料行业最棘手的一个问题，目前全球面临着蛋白质资源匮乏的现实，寻找和开发新的蛋白质资源成为饲料工业急需解决的问题。充分利用现有资源变废为宝、开发全新的蛋白饲料、无毒害性保护环境，成为将来研究的热点。     

一种新的蛋白质饲料资源--昆虫饲料

养殖业的迅速发展 , 饲料资源尤其是高蛋白动物性饲料资源在饲料工业中的位置显得越来越重要 . 但由于蛋白质饲料资源日益枯竭 , 利用率也比较低 . 因此 , 寻找新的蛋白质饲料资源已势在必行 .     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.