桃不同果实类型品质、产量性状的差异研究

 通过普通桃、蟠桃、油桃、油蟠桃4种果实类型496份品种资源（Prunus persica L.）的主要品质、产量性状的比较分析,目的在于揭示不同果实类型群体的农艺性状特性。结果表明：①不同果实类型桃的生育期不存在显著差异。②普通桃与蟠桃、油桃与油蟠桃的比较,果形扁平果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比增加;可滴定酸、带皮硬度、去皮硬度、平均单果质量、平均果核质量、核质量/单果质量、产量指数减少趋势。③普通桃与油桃、蟠桃与油蟠桃的比较,果皮无毛果实的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、着色面积、去皮硬度增加;可溶性糖、果皮韧性、平均单果质量、产量指数减少趋势。④油桃与蟠桃比较,油桃的可滴定酸含量、着色面积、平均单果质量和产量指数高于蟠桃。⑤普通桃与油蟠桃比较,油蟠桃可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量均有显著增加,平均单果质量显著减少。     

桃不同类型果实发育的解剖结构特性

为探讨普通桃、油桃、蟠桃和油蟠桃果实发育期表皮、亚表皮和中果皮细胞的解剖结构差异,试验以同一杂交群体内的这4种类型(各2株)为试材,通过显微和超微观察果实表皮、亚表皮和中果皮细胞发育。结果表明,4种类型果实的横径发育皆呈双S曲线,果实亚表皮细胞前期变化较小,开始膨大期为盛花后42d。普通桃、油桃和油蟠桃中果皮细胞在整个果实发育期持续膨大,类型间变化趋势基本一致,而蟠桃中果皮细胞在盛花后70～84d存在膨大延缓期。盛花后42～98d,普通桃和蟠桃亚表皮与中果皮细胞膨大倍数之比大于油桃和油蟠桃。分析认为,果实有毛/无毛基因单独影响着表皮细胞形状和亚表皮与中果皮细胞膨大倍数之比,而无毛基因与扁平基因共同影响着亚表皮淀粉粒数目,并且这种作用有累加现象。     

中晚熟桃新品种福瑞的选育

福瑞是以耐贮运油桃品种瑞光19号为母本、晚熟桃品种莱山蜜为父本,通过人工杂交培育的中晚熟桃新品种.果实卵圆形,平均单果质量256.2 g,果皮全面着深红色,果肉黄白色.果肉硬脆,风味甘甜,可溶性固形物质量分数为14.3％,高者达到18.9％.去皮硬度8.3 kg·cm-2,可滴定酸质量分数0.13％,维生素C质量分数1...     

桃( Prunus persica L. )种质资源果实数量性状评价指标探讨

 对桃( Prunus persica L. ) 的282～491份品种资源果实的平均单果质量、核质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、带皮硬度和去皮硬度等8项指标进行研究和统计分析, 提出我国桃种质资源评价系统中这些性状的数值分级指标和参照品种, 为我国桃种质资源描述系统数量化、规范化的建立奠定基础。     

油蟠桃新品种——美月

<正>美月是以燕蟠为母本、AT163油蟠桃为父本杂交选育而成的油蟠桃新品种,2012年12月通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。果实扁平,果顶凹入,不易裂果,不易流胶。平均单果重147g。果面无茸毛,全面着鲜红色。果肉白色,质地细脆,成熟期去皮硬度为12.1kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量15.4%,风味甜,香气浓郁,黏核,品     

“桃-鸡”种养结合模式对桃果实品质的影响

通过对"桃-鸡"生态种养模式下桃果实品质的比较,研究了不同地区"桃-鸡"生态种养模式与非生态种养模式下桃的单果质量、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖、可滴定酸(TA)含量的变化,并对其品质进行了研究。结果表明,生态放养可降低桃果实硬度,水蜜桃品种其降低幅度依次为兴化姜堰宿迁;油桃降低幅度依次为兴化宿迁姜堰;也可以显著提高桃果实的可溶性固形物。不同地区生态放养模式下果实可溶性糖含量总体表现为上升趋势。桃-鸡生产模式的桃除兴化水蜜桃外,可滴定酸比非生态放养果园显著降低。     

反光膜应用对桃果实品质的影响

以"湖景蜜露"、"锦绣黄桃"、"早露蟠桃"果实为试材,探讨反光膜应用对3个品种桃可溶性固形物含量、单果重和中下部果实着色度的影响。结果表明:3个品种桃果实着色程度处理与对照均达到了极显著差异水平(P0.01);"早露蟠桃"可溶性固形物含量处理与对照也达到了极显著差异水平(P0.01),其它2个品种桃处理与对照达到了显著差异水平(P0.05);"早露蟠桃"单果重处理与对照达到了极显著差异水平(P0.01),其它2个品种桃处理与对照无显著性差异水平(P0.05)。     

早熟蟠桃新品种‘红蜜蟠桃’

‘红蜜蟠桃’是在日光温室‘早露蟠桃’栽培过程中选育的优良变异品种。果实发育期为70d,为早熟品种。平均单果质量144g,最大可达198g,可溶性固形物含量13.2%。果实扁平形,白肉,硬溶质,味甜,着色面积80%以上,粘核。     

中熟蟠桃新品种‘玉霞蟠桃’

 ‘玉霞蟠桃’是以‘瑞蟠4号’蟠桃为母本,‘瑞光18号’油桃为父本杂交育成的中熟蟠桃新品种。果实扁平形,平均单果质量174 g,大果质量337 g;果肉白色,肉质硬溶,风味甜,可溶性固形物含量12.9%,含可溶性糖9.37%,可滴定酸0.18%,粘核。在南京地区7月下旬成熟,果实生育期120 d。自花结实,丰产性好。     

反光膜应用对桃果实品质的影响

试验以湖景蜜露、锦绣黄桃、早露蟠桃果实为试材,探讨反光膜应用对3个品种桃可溶性固形物含量、单果重和中下部果实着色度的影响。结果表明:湖景蜜露、锦绣黄桃可溶性固形物含量处理比对照的平均值分别高出0.91%和1.38%,均达到了显著性差异水平;早露蟠桃处理达到了极显著差异水平,可见,设施大棚中早露蟠桃使用该技术效果更明显。早露蟠桃单果处理     

The effect of rootstock on yield and quality of ‘Mutsu’ apples

Summary

Yield and fruit quality parameters were studied during three years in a rootstock trial with ‘Mutsu’ apple. M.9 provided the highest total yield per tree as well as the highest quantity of intermediate and yellow fruit as compared with J.9, M.26 and B.9. Within similar colour categories, significant differences among rootstocks were also recorded for fruit starch degradation pattern (SDP), firmness, titratable acidity (TA), and soluble solids concentrations (SSC). Generally, the lowest SDP and highest fruit firmness was found in fruits from trees on rootstocks M.26 and B.9. The highest TA was found in fruits from trees on rootstocks M.26 and J.9 and the highest SSC in fruits from trees on rootstocks J.9 and B.9. However, considerable variations among years were also recorded. Correlation coefficients between rootstock and several yield and quality parameters revealed high correlation to SSC for green fruit and TA for medium and yellow fruit and some correlation to yield and number of fruits per tree.     

6个品种苹果果实贮藏前后品质分析

以6个苹果品种为试材,测定贮藏前与贮藏5个月后的果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、维生素C含量。结果表明,‘华红’贮藏前果实维生素C含量较高,贮藏后总酸与维生素C含量下降幅度较小,贮藏前后均具有较高的营养价值;‘澳洲青苹’贮藏前果实硬度、总酸、维生素C含量较高,贮藏后各营养指标下降幅度较小,有高酸、多汁的特性,生食品质中等,主要用作果汁加工;‘望山红’与‘寒富’贮藏前果实的营养成分含量高,味道纯正,但贮藏后总酸和维生素C含量下降明显,适宜鲜食;‘岳帅’与‘金冠’贮藏前果实硬度、总酸、维生素C含量较低,贮藏后硬度、总酸含量下降幅度大,适宜鲜食。     

采前喷钙对中华寿桃采后贮藏品质及褐变的影响

通过生长期树冠喷施Ca(NO3)2,研究了采前喷钙对中华寿桃采后贮藏品质及其褐变的影响。结果表明,喷钙处理后中华寿桃果皮和果肉钙含量分别提高了11.5%和16.1%,果实硬度提高了7.8%,增强了果实贮藏过程中硬度的保持力,贮藏过程中可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量及变化不受喷钙处理的影响(α=0.05);与对照相比,虽然处理果实呼吸高峰推迟1d出现,但喷钙处理对中华寿桃采后呼吸的抑制效果并不明显;此外,喷钙处理还提高了冷藏后货架期间果实总酚含量和多酚氧化酶活性,并且显著抑制细胞膜脂氧合酶的活性(α=0.05);采前喷施硝酸钙处理虽然没有明显抑制中华寿桃冷藏4周后货架期间果肉的褐化,但对抑制果实褐腐症状效果显著。     

Post-harvest putrescine treatments extend the storage-life of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) ‘Tokhm-sefid’ fruit

Summary

The aim of this study was primarily to increase the storability of apricot which is normally a very short storage-life stone fruit. Polyamines are well-known to improve the storability of many horticultural crops. The effect of exogenously applied putrescine on the post-harvest storage-life of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) ‘Tokhm-sefid’ fruit at 2°C was therefore investigated. The rate of ethylene production, fresh weight (FW) loss, tissue firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and the pH of fruit were determined 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 d after the beginning of storage. Overall, the application of putrescine caused a reduction in ethylene production, as well as an increase in fruit flesh firmness. SSC and pH were reduced, and TA was increased in putrescine-treated fruits. The loss of fruit FW was affected by putrescine in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, fruit treated with higher concentrations of putrescine showed lower FW loss.     

红肉桃新品种——天仙红的选育

天仙红为实生选优获得的红肉桃品种,果实卵圆形,较对称,果顶微尖,缝合线明显;平均单果质量86g,最大单果质量157g;果肉全红,硬溶质,离核,食用方便;风味甜,可溶性固形物含量11.2%,可溶性糖8.46%,可滴定酸4.57g·kg-1,维生素C43.8mg·kg-1;武汉地区6月中旬果实成熟;丰产稳产性好,树体抗性强。     

Growth,yield and fruit quality of ‘Van’ and ‘Stark Hardy Giant’ sweet cherry cultivars as influenced by grafting on different rootstocks

The influence of Adara, CAB 6P, Gisela 5, MaxMa 14, Saint Lucie GF 64 (SL 64), Saint Lucie GF 405 (SL 405), and Tabel rootstocks onto vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Van’ and ‘Stark Hardy Giant’ (SHG) sweet cherry cultivars was studied during 10 years after grafting. The experiment was performed in the Ebro Valley (Zaragoza, Spain), on a heavy and calcareous soil. Significant differences in some of these parameters such as vigour, yield, fruit size, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), skin colour and fruit firmness were examined among rootstocks. In general, the highest vigour, annual and cumulative yield were induced by Adara rootstock, whereas Gisela 5 induced the lowest when grafted with both cultivars. The highest yield efficiency was induced by Gisela 5 due to its low trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), together with Adara, CAB 6P and Tabel for ‘SHG’ cultivar. Regarding fruit quality, Adara, CAB 6P and MaxMa 14 showed, in general, the highest fruit weight and the more attractive skin colour for both sweet cherry cultivars. Furthermore, the high yield shown by Adara did not significantly affect its fruit size. Cherries of trees grafted on Adara also showed high firmness, which implies a better resistance to post-harvest damage. CAB 6P showed a tendency to induce higher TA. Despite the higher firmness of fruits on Gisela 5 and its tendency to induce higher SSC and ripening index, the smaller size fruits together with the less attractive skin colour resulted in a non-interesting rootstock in terms of fruit quality for our growing conditions. Interesting correlations were found among quality parameters, such as the positive correlation showed by SSC with fruit weight and TA. The work demonstrates that the scion–rootstock combination influences some important sweet cherry attributes such as vigour, yield, fruit size, acidity, skin colour and firmness.     

Mitigation of severe water stress by fruit thinning in ‘O’Henry’ peach: Implications for fruit quality

Fruit thinning can be used to relieve water stress in peach but it is not known how fruit quality will respond under water limited conditions. To elucidate this, we applied, over the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004, irrigation and fruit thinning treatments to ‘O’Henry’ peach at the onset of Stage III of fruit development. The treatments were full irrigation (FI) and no irrigation (NI) with each receiving three crop load levels: light, commercial and heavy. Fruit size and fruit skin colouration were lower in NI than in FI but the following were higher in NI fruit: firmness, juice titratable acidity and electrical conductivity, and concentrations of dry matter and soluble solids. All the quality parameters were significantly correlated with tree water status, expressed as midday stem water potential. NI fruit matured 5–10 days later than FI fruit. The increased dry matter concentration, juice acidity, and electrical conductivity in NI fruit were indicative of lower quality at harvest. Choosing a light crop load was not effective in improving NI fruit quality except for the size. Since fruit size is the most important fruit quality attribute, its increase might compensate for yield losses resulting from heavy fruit thinning. Nevertheless, when heavy thinning is performed for mitigation of water stress in Stage III, the overall fruit quality will suffer if severe water stress is inevitable because of shortage or lack of irrigation water.     

不同时期套袋对"烟富6"苹果果实发育及品质的影响

以山东省潍坊地区"烟富6"苹果为试材,进行不同时期套单层塑膜袋对果实发育过程中外观及内在品质的影响研究。结果表明:套袋能明显改善果实的外观品质,提高果实的单果重,降低果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量。