新型壳聚糖衍生物

官能团的存在对于物质的性质和功能有着重要的影响,本文介绍了近年来出现的用乳酸,树枝形聚合物,糖类,冠状醚和环状糊精对壳聚糖进行改性的过程,以及所得到的衍生物的特点和应用前景。     

鱼类中新发现的免疫球蛋白

鱼类是最早产生免疫球蛋白(Immunoglobulin,Ig)的脊椎动物之一。鱼类IgM作为鱼类特异性体液免疫应答中最主要的免疫介质,目前已有较详细的研究报道。除此之外,近年来在鱼类还新发现了几个Ig,如IgD、IgW、IgNAR、IgZ和IgT等,笔者对其结构及功能进行简要综述,以期为国内同行提供科学参考。     

新型喹诺酮抗菌药T-3811

本文介绍了一种非氟喹诺酮抗菌新药———T-3811,综述了其体外抗菌活性,并与环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和曲伐沙星进行了比较。此外,还提出将其作为兽药开发应用的潜在可能性。     

新型绿色水产饲料添加剂——二氢吡啶

二氢吡啶作为我国农业部批准的新兽药类添加剂，因其促进畜禽生长繁育功效．受到普遍关注。但是在水产饲料中应用不多，近年来一些研究表明其对水产动物也具有促进生长；改善产品品质；提高免疫力等优点，且其代谢快，在动物体内几乎无残留，作为饲料添加剂，安全性极佳。该文概述二氢吡啶的理化性质、特点．以及对动物的营养免疫学作用机理．概述关于二氢吡啶在水产饲料中应用的现有研究资料，针对目前二氢吡啶在研究中存在的问题，提出对策。     

努力开抢新世纪“海上辽宁”建设新局面

在总结第九个五年计划（1996－2000年）期间“海上辽宁”建设取得重大进展的基础上，提出了第十个五年计划（2001－2005年）期间“海上辽宁”建设的指导思想和奋斗目标，着重阐述了2001年的工作重点和具体措施。     

建鲤养殖技术之二:建鲤催产的新模式

自1994年开始,山东省茌平县水产局即探索出用双层网箱催产建鲤的新方法,又经过10年的不断完善,形成“摇篮式”网箱催产的新模式,并在生产实践中获得很大成功,其受精率、集卵率、孵化率等较之常规池塘催产方式分别提高20％、50％、20％以上,深受广大群众欢迎。     

宝石鲈池塘养殖新技术

宝石鲈（Scortum barcoo）学名高体革蒯,隶属于鲈形目,煮剌科,革蒯属。鱼体呈纺锤形,由于体侧有黑色发亮的椭圆形及零星散布的小斑块,很像漂亮的宝石而得名。宝石鲈原产澳大利亚淡水水域,具有肉味鲜、肉质嫩、出肉率高等特点,已成为我国淡水养殖品种中的一枝新秀。宝石鲈对环境适应能力强,饲料来源广,病害少,群体生长均匀,没有互相残杀现象,非常适合池塘、网箱和工厂化养殖,也适合在大中小型水库中养殖,养殖前景非常广阔。     

淡水养殖新宠—厚颌鲂

厚颌鲂是我国长江上游地区的特有鱼类,具有很高的营养价值。目前,在厚颌鲂的成鱼单养及人工繁殖的研究方面取得了较好的效果,为厚颌鲂的养殖推广奠定了基础。     

New perspectives on aquarium fish trade

ABSTRACT:   Since the 1990s, the international market for importing aquarium fish is suspicious of stock coming from South-East Asia. Fish catches are still executed with cyanide-based toxic products. In the present paper, the potential of the French Polynesian Islands to develop a marine aquarium fish business with a new approach is explored. Coral reef fish are captured at the larval stage with crest nets, then larvae are reared in aquaria before being put on the world ornamental fish market. This approach offers several advantages: (i) larvae are captured with a passive system placed on the reef crest (crest net) that does not destroy the environment and limits the stress on collected larvae; (ii) larvae are then put into farmed basins that allow them to be controlled sanitarily; and (iii) larvae are weaned at the farm and fed rapidly with artificial food. This method increases survival rates as it eliminates the food acclimatization problem of fish captured at adult stage (main cause of fish mortality in aquaria). Overall, reared larvae will constitute a new product in terms of species, sizes and quality of ornamental fish on the aquarium market.     

日本对虾养殖新模式

日本对虾是我国沿海重要的养殖品种之一,具有养殖范围广、市场价格高、发展潜力大等特点。目前日本对虾养殖模式单产低、病害频繁,制约了产业的进一步发展。本文着重介绍笔者近年来对日本对虾养殖模式的探索,供广大日本对虾养殖户参考。     

Freshwater management policies in New Zealand

1. This paper examines the effectiveness of New Zealand's Resource Management Act in managing freshwater resources. 2. A distinctive feature of the New Zealand situation is the extent to which Parliament has delegated the sustainable management of freshwater resources to catchment based regional councils. Regional councils exercise a pivotal role in water resource planning but without much guidance or technical assistance from central government. 3. Contrary to New Zealand's ‘clean green’ image, water pollution is alarmingly high in relation to its small population size. The Act puts particular emphasis on improving water quality by empowering regional councils to address this concern in policy statements and plans. 4. Water allocation policies in New Zealand are dominated by a supply-oriented biophysical perspective based on prescribing minimum flows and maximum extraction thresholds to safeguard the life-supporting capacity of ecosystems. Despite persistent attempts by central government to encourage regional councils to adopt competitive tendering and tradable permits for allocating water, most regional councils favour allocation procedures based on community consultation and political compromise. 5. Water Conservation Orders are a special provision in the Act for protecting outstanding amenity or intrinsic values of waters in their natural state. However, no new applications have been made under the RMA since 1991. 6. The RMA has brought about significant procedural improvements in water resource planning, by means of a cooperative, consultative approach. However, limited attention has been given to issues of water allocation to promote the sustainable use of increasingly scarce resources. The policies and rules in recently notified plans now regulate point source as well as non-point source discharges. Nevertheless, central government may need to reassess its role if it wishes to achieve a significant improvement in water quality and there needs to be greater coordination of water resource monitoring systems operated by regional councils to provide a national overview. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

泰国笋壳鱼养殖新技木

泰国笋壳鱼是淡水鱼类经济价值较高的品种,学名褐塘鳢或尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus),为暖水性经济鱼类,是国家农业部"引进国际先进农业技术"项目及科技部国家级星火计划项目所确定的淡水鱼类最新引进、推广品种.     

鳜鱼养殖新技术

1　形态、习性、行动特点鳜鱼的行动与其摄食有一定的关系。鳜鱼一般栖息于水体的最底层 ,光线较暗时是鳜鱼捕食的好时机。鳜鱼是靠偷袭来捕捉食物 ,其捕食范围与体长有关 ,一般随体长的增大而增大 ,一般不超过0 5ｍ。平时鳜鱼隐蔽于隐蔽物之中等小鱼虾进入捕食范围。有时会缓慢移动接近这些活饵 ,小鱼虾一旦被鳜鱼追食就很难逃避。鳜鱼吞食食物后 ,将食物送进食道 ,胃 ,最后吐出鱼刺和虾壳。鳜鱼靠吃活体水生生物而生长 ,而不同阶段的鳜鱼其饵料又不相同 ,幼体靠吃其它鱼类的鱼苗生长 ,如团头鲂 ,鳊及其它野杂鱼苗。当鳜鱼为鱼种时 ,食性…     

大鲵规模化繁殖新技术

大鲵俗称娃娃鱼,是国家二类保护动物;其资源保护、增殖、利用是水产科研人员研究的重点课题,是农业产业化和特色水产开发的重点品种,是野生动物基因保护品种。娃娃鱼人工繁殖过去20多年来尚未实现规模化。对此,我们在深入研究娃娃鱼发育生物学、发育神经学、繁殖生物学等基础学科的理论基础上运用创新技术,实现了娃娃鱼规模化繁殖。这对保护、增殖其资源提供了一个技术平台。1仿生态环境培育亲体仿生态环境条件优劣,关系到培育亲体的性腺发育是否成熟。仿生态环境主要是指仿娃娃鱼在自然界栖息的生态场所而修建的亲体培育池、人工控温、人工…