把增效置于种植业结构战略性调整的首位

近年来 ,尤其是 1997年后 ,丹徒县种植业结构调整步伐明显加快。一是产业结构由以粮油为主向粮经并举方向发展。今年与1996年相比 ,粮经面积比由 8 5∶1 5变成 6 6∶3 4。二是品种结构由高产向优质高产并重方向发展。全县各类作物优质品种覆盖率平均达 85%以上。三是技术结构由低效向高效方向发展。大宗作物栽培基本实现轻型化、群体质量化 ,经济作物设施栽培已达 4 0 0公顷 ,基质栽培、无公害栽培、有机农业等先进高效技术 ,已开始应用推广。因此 ,种植业结构调整为农民增收、稳定农村经济起到了重要作用。然而 ,在种植业结构由适应性调整…     

国务院发布《农业科技发展纲要(2001年-2010年)》

“十五期间”, 农业科技工作要围绕调整农业和农村经济结构、提高农业效益、改善生态环境和提高国际竞争力, 重点组织实施 “十大科技行动”, 解决 100项左右的重大农业关键技术.( 1) 实施作物良种科技行动, 促进种植业结构调整. 以优质高产作物新品种选育及其产业化为重点, 加快种植业结构战略性调整 ; 开发节本增效技术, 发展优质高产高效种植业, 促进种植业生产和产品标准化、布局区域化、经营产业化.     

浅谈蔬菜种植机械化

自1988年我国农业部提出“菜篮子工程”规划及相应措施以来,农村产业结构发生了很大变化,蔬菜种植业发展很快,出现了北有山东寿光,南有四川米易等特大型蔬菜种植、批发集散地。蔬菜已成为我国农业仅次于粮食的第二重要农产品,蔬菜种植业也逐步成为发展我国农村经济的重要组成部分．1蔬菜种植业机械化现状1．1保护地设施落后,资源浪费严重目前,蔬菜栽培方法以大田栽培和保护地栽培为主,生产中仍以大田栽培为主。温室、塑料大棚的发展虽很迅速,但设施简陋,土壤病虫害发病率呈逐年上升趋势,影响了作物的优质高产。管理菜田仍局限在…     

鲜食大豆品种引种试验

为了适应种植业结构调整,充分发挥豆类作物在结构调整的双重功能,句容市农业局于2002年春引进了早、中、晚熟鲜食大豆品种7个,其中美国品种3个,并在引繁中心基地进行了引种比较试验。     

牧草生产机械化技术及配套设备

随着我国畜牧业的快速发展，种植业结构的不断调整，传统的“粮食＋经济作物”的二元种植结构，将逐渐转变为“粮食＋经济作物＋饲料（牧草）作物”的三元种植结构。正因为发展牧业具有保护生态、发展经济及绿化美化环境的能力，所以草业已成为我国农业和农村经济的新的增长点，形成一个备受关注的新兴产业。同时为大力推广使用牧草生产机械化技术与配套设备，提供了广泛的需求空间。     

猕猴桃引种栽培技术研究与应用

猕猴桃的原产地是我国的湖南省湘西地区,在民间的人工栽培方面已经有一千多年的历史,相关的引种和栽培技术也会随着时间的推移而不断的发展.文章主要从良种的选择与壮苗、枝叶的修整、施肥的管理以及花果的管理等方面,对猕猴桃的引种栽培技术进行研究和应用.     

国务院发布《农业科技发展纲要(2001年-2010年)》“十五”期间实施“十大科技行动”

“十五期间”，农业科技工作要围绕调整农业和农村经济结构、提高农业效益、改善生态环境和提高国际竞争力，重点组织实施“十大科技行动”，解决 100项左右的重大农业关键技术。 （ 1）实施作物良种科技行动，促进种植业结构调整。以优质高产作物新品种选育及其产业化为重点，加快种植业结构战略性调整；开发节本增效技术，发展优质高产高效种植业，促进种植业生产和产品标准化、布局区域化、经营产业化。 （ 2）实施优质高效畜牧水产科技行动，加速养殖业规模化、产业化、标准化进程。开展畜牧水产优良品种选育、饲料开发、生产设施设备研…     

大樱桃栽培管理中存在的问题及对策

受水分、光照以及土壤等条件的影响,大樱桃的生长和栽培与其他作物相比往往具有一定局限性,主要表现为抗旱耐涝性能较低。因此,大樱桃的种植多集中在我国水资源丰富地区,其种植给当地人们带来了巨大的经济收入。然而,目前我国的大樱桃栽培管理仍然存在一定的问题,严重制约大樱桃种植业的稳定、健康发展。为了有效改善这一现状,文章针对当前我国部分地区大樱桃栽培管理中存在的问题及对策展开讨论。     

引种福鼎槟榔芋 调整种植业结构

在种植业结构调整中 ,镇江市京口区今年引种 6 7ｈｍ2 ( 10 0亩 )福鼎槟榔芋 ,已采收在即、丰收在望。谏壁镇东陶村示范方 9月 2 0日测产 ,单株母芋重 1 2ｋｇ ,每 667ｈｍ2 产量有望达到 12 50～150 0ｋｇ的高产水平 ,按目前市场批发价计算 ,其效益明显超过稻麦两熟 ,农民增收幅度有望翻番。为此 ,扩种福鼎槟榔芋已成为该区调整种植业结构的重要途径 ,明年初步规划种植 80ｈｍ2 ( 12 0 0亩 )。总结今年引种成功的经验主要有四个方面 :一、要十分明确福鼎槟榔芋在种植结构调整中的应占地位。经考察了解和栽培示范 ,让干群清楚认识福鼎槟榔芋…     

收获机械化是提高牧草品质的有效手段

饲草作为发展畜牧业的物质基础,成为畜牧业发展规模和速度的决定因素。据统计,我国共有各类天然草二十多种,有33亿亩草原,10亿亩草山坡地,占国土面积的41.7%,仅次于澳大利亚,居世界第二位。随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,种植业结构的不断调整,传统的"粮食+经济作物"的二元种植结构,将逐渐转变为"粮食+经济作物+饲料(牧草)作物"的三元种植结构。草业已成为我国农业和农村经济的新的增     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。