南涧县防治畜禽寄生虫病的若干问题

云南省南涧县畜禽受33科41属82种寄生虫病的侵袭与危害,严重影响了畜牧业的发展,特提出防治畜禽寄生虫病的若干问题,对危害严重的畜禽寄生虫病进行有效防治,达到促进畜牧业发展的目的。     

寄生虫病对畜牧业的危害及其途径

经过几代人的努力,畜禽寄生虫病的基础工作取得了显著成绩,危害我国畜禽的寄生虫病种类已经基本摸清,并建立了一些行之有效的畜禽寄生虫病的防治技术。但是,我国畜牧业生产中的寄生虫病防制技术仍然落后,尤其是在以畜牧业为主要经济基础和经济条件差的边远地区,家畜“秋肥、冬瘦、春死亡”的现象仍然存在,一些呈地方性流行的人畜共患寄生虫病仍然严重,甚至危害或威胁着当地老百姓的身体健康乃至生命安全。     

谈畜禽寄生虫病的科学防控

寄生虫病对畜禽的危害是严重的,该病可导致畜禽急性发病大批死亡,在畜禽体内隐性感染造成畜禽生产缓慢,饲料报酬降低,还可引起畜禽流产、繁殖障碍。新的研究发现,寄生虫严重寄生时,能导致畜禽免疫力下降,造成免疫抑制或免疫失败,因此,防控寄生虫病已成为提高畜牧业经济效益,保障畜牧业健康发展的一个关键环节。另外,感染畜禽的寄生虫中,     

寄生虫病对畜牧业生产的影响

畜牧业是我国的重要产业之一,在国民经济建设中发挥着重要的作用。寄生虫病具有隐蔽性、危害性等特点,因此,必须加强对畜禽寄生虫病的防治工作,确保畜牧业的健康持续发展。     

畜禽寄生虫病的防治

畜禽寄生虫病的防治在畜禽疫病防治中的地位越来越被人们所认识，从有关资料显示，家畜禽寄生虫病对畜牧业造成的经济损失高达20％，也就是说搞好了畜禽寄生虫病的防治可以提高畜牧业经济效益20％，患蛔虫的仔猪比正常的仔猪生长率低30％，鸡球虫常常造成二月龄以内的雏鸡发病率可达100％，死亡率可达80％，据某省统计，     

民勤县畜禽寄生虫的种类厘定

勤县是甘肃省的养羊大县,畜牧业发展已成为全县经济发展的支柱产业和农民增收的优势产业,但至今对民勤县畜禽寄生虫病的种类厘定尚未有一篇完整的文献记录。为此,笔者参阅了有关文献,对民勤县畜禽寄生虫的种类和分布状况进行了汇总和归纳,为民勤县畜禽寄生虫病的整体防治措施奠定基础,为有效开展畜禽寄生虫病的防治工作提供重要依据。     

畜禽体外寄生虫药物防治研究进展

畜禽外寄生虫病广泛流行于世界各地,严重阻碍畜牧业的发展和人民生活水平的提高。因此,各国对其防治极其重视,当今各国均采用化学杀虫剂防治外寄生虫病。传统的施药方法为局部涂擦,喷雾和浸浴,而这些方法存在如下几个不可避免的问题。其一是用药量大,特别是浸浴疗法,造成不必要的浪费;其二是现行药物对绝大多数外寄生虫一次用药往往起不到彻底防治的效果,需重复用药;其三是象浸浴这样的疗法还需最基本的设施,药浴池及充足的水源。为了克服这些不足,近来国内外学者均在探索新的防治药物和防治方法。外寄生虫防治方法变革最明显的变化标志为①由传统的喷雾(spray)和浸浴     

影响动物疫病防治工作中的因素及应对措施

近几年,伴随我国畜牧业的飞速发展,对家畜和家禽健康产生危害的动物疫病种类也逐渐增多。畜禽疾病严重阻碍着我国畜牧业经济的迅速发展,也制约我国畜禽产品出口量扩大,危害动物源性食品的质量安全。面对当前畜牧业的发展现状,要想有效推动行业的发展,做好动物疫病的防治工作、提高防治技术十分重要。本文就目前对我国动物疫病防治产生影响的因素进行分析,并提出相应的解决措施。     

动物抗寄生虫药的研究应用进展

<正>寄生虫病严重危害畜禽的健康,阻碍畜牧业生产的发展,使畜牧业经济遭受巨大的经济损失,同时严重危害公共卫生安全。寄生虫病已成为第三世界国家畜牧业和公共卫生事业健康发展的严重障碍。人们对动物寄生虫病的危害性虽已有所认识,但远未被     

关注禽寄保障动物

我国是一个畜牧业生产大国，猪、羊、禽、兔饲养量位居世界第一，牛的饲养量仅次于印度。近十年来，国家对传播快、病死率高的烈性疫病，尤其是对可能危及人类健康及生命安全的畜禽疲病的监测、防制和体系建设等方面的投入很大。相比之下，对急性死亡率相对较低，但在生产中同样造成巨大经济损失畜禽寄生虫病的研究和防治资金投入却有待提高，基层兽医对寄生虫病的防治技术也需改进。为了加深读者对畜禽寄生虫病的了解，本栏目邀请到中国畜牧兽医学会家畜寄生虫学分会副理事长刘群（以下简称：刘）为大家谈谈这方面的内容。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.