北极狐电刺激采精中麻醉效果观察

在对北极狐进行电刺激采精时,采得的精液数量及品质均正常.在本次试验中应用盐酸氯胺酮注射液10mg/kg体重和安定注射液5mg/只复合麻醉,麻醉前期3～4min,麻醉期25～30min.有8. 1%的公狐按此剂量麻醉,深度尚显不够,需在采精过程中,再按1mg/kg体重氯胺酮补充麻醉;对公狐隔日再进行重复采精时,宜用8mg/kg体重的氯胺酮.北极狐电刺激采精中麻醉比不麻醉更利于狐体健康.     

丙泊酚静脉注射及复合硬膜外麻醉对犬手术镇痛效果的评价

本试验旨在探讨静脉注射丙泊酚复合利多卡因对犬手术镇痛作用,继而探索出丙泊酚复合硬膜外麻醉对犬的可行性。本试验共分为两组:丙泊酚复合硬膜外利多卡因为Ⅰ组(丙泊酚麻醉诱导量6mg/kg体重,维持剂量0.4 mg/kg/min,麻醉稳定后,硬膜外注射6mg/kg体重的利多卡因);静脉连续输注丙泊酚为Ⅱ组(丙泊酚诱导麻醉6mg/kg体重,麻醉维持剂量0.71±0.6mg/kg/min),进行腹腔探查术,评价麻醉犬的镇痛效果及疼痛指标。结果显示,丙泊酚复合硬膜外麻醉的镇痛效果较好,疼痛指标变化幅度小,麻醉时间适宜,可以完成腹部手术,未见有不良反应。     

丙泊酚复合硬膜外阻滞对犬的麻醉效果及其对呼吸系统的影响

本试验采用连续输注丙泊酚配合硬膜外麻醉,研究其对犬的麻醉效果和对呼吸系统的影响.选用成年杂种犬12只,随机分为两组.丙泊酚复合硬膜外阻滞为Ⅰ组(丙泊酚诱导量6 mg/kg体重,镇静维持剂量0.35±0.4 mg/kg体重·min,向硬膜外腔注射6 mg/kg体重的利多卡因);静脉连续输注丙泊酚为Ⅱ组(丙泊酚诱导麻醉6 mg/kg体重,麻醉维持剂量0.71±0.6 mg/kg体重·min).评价犬的麻醉效果和对呼吸系统的影响.单纯连续丙泊酚组镇痛、镇静和肌松效果良好,但是对呼吸系统的影响较大.丙泊酚配合硬膜外麻醉镇痛、肌松和镇静效果良好,对呼吸系统影响较小.连续注射丙泊酚配合硬膜外对犬进行麻醉过程平稳,麻醉效果良好,对呼吸系统影响较小,苏醒较快,未出现不良反应.     

赛拉嗪对赤斑羚麻醉效果的观察

为了探索赛拉嗪对赤斑羚的麻醉效果,2018—2020年对9只成年赤斑羚进行麻醉实验,按3.5～5.0 mg/kg(体重)吹管肌肉注射赛拉嗪,观察麻醉深度、心率、平均血氧饱和度、肛温及苏醒情况等.结果表明,赛拉嗪用于麻醉赤斑羚效果较好,其中平均诱导期为5.5 min,麻醉期依需要最长时间维持到54 min,平均血氧饱和度...     

氯胺酮和丙泊酚对版纳微型猪近交系麻醉效果的观察

为了比较氯胺酮肌内注射和丙泊酚静脉注射对版纳微型猪近交系全身麻醉的效果,将30头8～15月龄、体重15～25 kg的版纳微型猪近交系随机分为两组,A组按每千克体重0.01 mg肌内注射氯胺酮,B组按每千克体重2.0 mg静脉注射丙泊酚;两组实验猪均在术前30 min肌注硫酸阿托品每千克体重0.01 mg,缓慢注入麻醉药后,很快进入麻醉状态,观察动物麻醉维持时间、镇痛效果、体温、呼吸频率和心率变化及术后苏醒情况。结果：A、B两个组的诱导期分别为(4.47±1.55)min和(0.87±0.14)min;维持期分别为(51.27±8.61)min和(35.87±5.08)min;苏醒期分别为(7.60±2.10)min和(4.67±1.23)min。两组实验猪的诱导期、维持期和苏醒期差异极显著(P<0.01);但两组间的体温、呼吸频率和心率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论：丙泊酚麻醉的诱导时间短、起效快,恢复快速平稳,且无副作用,但丙泊酚静脉麻醉应根据手术过程中实验动物的反应情况适当调整丙泊酚追加量;氯胺酮的麻醉过程平稳,麻醉效果好,术后苏醒快,适合情况复杂且时间较长的手术,是...     

OFM合剂与846和眠乃宁对犬麻醉效果的对比研究

QFM合剂以0.15～0.2 ml/kg,眠乃宁以0.03～0.04ml/kg,846合剂以0.3～0.4ml/kg剂量颈部肌肉注射对犬实施全身麻醉,进行麻醉效果比较.麻醉期间,以Datex循环呼吸监护仪进行循环呼吸功能监测,并进行一般临床效果观察.结果发现,QFM合剂麻醉诱导期为6.5±1.5min,麻醉期为89.1±23.6min.眠乃宁诱导期为7.3±0.7min,麻醉期为26±8min,846合剂麻醉诱导期为7.5±1.6,麻醉期为35±4.1min;QFM合剂对犬具有麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡,且诱导平稳迅速;而846合剂和眠乃宁要么麻醉时间短,要么麻醉效果不确实,但加大用药剂量则又严重威协动物的生命,且有严重的副反应.     

846对猫麻醉效果的观察

选用846麻醉合剂,对5只猫分别以0.05ml/kg至0.5ml/kg8个剂量进行实验观察。846对猫有镇痛,肌松作用,其理想剂量为:0.20、0.25、0.30ml/kg。肌肉注射,猫卧地时间为123.75±15.68min,其呼吸、心率、体温与正常比较无明显变化,均在正常生理范围内,红细胞数、白细胞数、血红蛋白含量与正常值相比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

OFM合剂与846和眠乃宁对犬麻醉效果的对比研究

QFM合剂以0.15～0.2ml/kg,眠乃宁以0.03～0.04ml/kg,846合剂以0.3～0.4ml/kg剂量颈部肌肉注射对犬实施全身麻醉,进行麻醉效果比较。麻醉期间,以Datex循环呼吸监护仪进行循环呼吸功能监测,并进行一般临床效果观察。结果发现,QFM合剂麻醉诱导期为6.5±1.5min,麻醉期为89.1±23.6min。眠乃宁诱导期为7.3±0.7min,麻醉期为26±8min,846合剂麻醉诱导期为7.5±1.6,麻醉期为35±4.1min;QFM合剂对犬具有麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡,且诱导平稳迅速;而846合剂和眠乃宁要么麻醉时间短,要么麻醉效果不确实,但加大用药剂量则又严重威协动物的生命,且有严重的副反应。     

舒泰与速眠新Ⅱ对绵羊进行复合麻醉的效果探讨及临床应用

为了探讨舒泰与速眠新Ⅱ对绵羊进行复合麻醉的麻醉效果,试验以绵羊为试验动物,按体重1 mg/kg静脉注射舒泰同时按体重0.5,1,2 mg/kg肌肉注射速眠新Ⅱ,记录试验绵羊麻醉前后呼吸频率、心率、体温、血氧饱和度及诱导、镇痛、麻醉时长,对麻醉效果进行观察,并进行临床应用试验。结果表明:按照舒泰1 mg/kg静脉注射、速眠新Ⅱ1 mg/kg肌肉注射的剂量进行麻醉时,可以达到(52.67±1.53) min的完全麻醉时间,说明舒泰与速眠新Ⅱ复合应用于绵羊麻醉效果良好,可以应用于临床。     

陆眠灵注射液对马鹿麻醉效果的观察

为了探索陆眠灵对马鹿的麻醉效果,以1.0～1.5mL/(100kg·bw)的剂量应用陆眠灵对60头马鹿进行麻醉,多数马鹿在给药后5～7 min进入麻醉状态,麻醉期一般可维持1.5～2.0 h.在取茸工作完成后,静注鹿眠灵用量1.0～1.5倍的陆醒宁,能使马鹿在1～3min内达到苏醒效果.利用陆眠灵进行肌注麻醉具有操作简便、用药量少、麻醉效果切实、麻醉时间长、安全范围广等优点,其颉颃剂可随时控制马鹿苏醒和麻醉深度.     

Measurement of the puncture profile and extradural pressure of cattle during extradural anaesthesia

ObjectiveTo measure the pressure profile during caudal extradural puncture and subsequent extradural anaesthesia in cattle and to investigate the presence of extradural pressure waves.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsEleven cattle aged 4.1 ± 2.5 years (range 0.8 to 8.8 years), with a body weight of 613 ± 162 kg (range 302–840 kg).MethodsCaudal extradural puncture was performed. To measure the extradural pressure profile, the needle was connected to an electronic pressure transducer placed at the height of the base of the tail. The pressure profile was recorded for 3 minutes following extradural puncture. Lack of resistance to injection of saline was assessed. One minute and 10 minutes after extradural anaesthesia with procaine extradural pressure was recorded. Correct extradural needle placement was assessed by clinical response.ResultsThree minutes after extradural puncture the median pressure was ?16 (range ?25 to 25) mmHg. Pressure in the extradural space 1 minute after the lack of resistance, 3 seconds after injection, and 10 minutes after injection was ?15 (?24 to 33) mmHg, 8 (?17 to 84) mmHg, and ?7 (?25 to 27) mmHg respectively. Pressure waves were visible after puncture, after lack of resistance, 3 seconds and 10 minutes after injection, in 4, 6, 8 and 7 cattle respectively. Pressure after testing lack of resistance, after the injection of local anaesthetic, as well as at the end of the measurement, period was significantly higher than baseline. All cattle showed clinical signs indicative of successful extradural needle placement.Conclusion and clinical relevance Extradural pressure was sub-atmospheric in 82% of the animals. Pressure waves were not consistently present before or after extradural injection, which limits their usefulness to confirm correct extradural needle placement. Extradural pressures increase significantly after injection of local anaesthetic solution. However, the clinical significance of the increase in extradural pressures was not clear.     

Comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane in dogs anaesthetised for clinical surgical or diagnostic procedures

OBJECTIVES: To assess attributes of sevoflurane for routine clinical anaesthesia in dogs by comparison with the established volatile anaesthetic isoflurane. METHODS: One hundred and eight dogs requiring anaesthesia for elective surgery or diagnostic procedures were studied. The majority was premedicated with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine and 0.01 mg/kg of buprenorphine or 0.3 mg/kg of methadone before induction of anaesthesia with 2 to 4 mg/kg of propofol and 0.5 mg/kg of diazepam. They were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane (group S, n=50) or isoflurane (group I, n=58) in oxygen and nitrous oxide for maintenance of anaesthesia. Heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect arterial blood pressure, haemoglobin saturation, vaporiser settings, end-tidal carbon dioxide and anaesthetic concentration and oesophageal temperature were measured. Recovery was timed. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Heart rate (85 to 140/minute), respiratory rate (six to 27/minute) and systolic arterial blood pressure (80 to 150 mmHg) were similar in the two groups. End-tidal carbon dioxide between 30 and 60 minutes (group S 6.4 to 6.6 and group I 5.8 to 5.9 per cent) and vaporiser settings throughout (group S 2.1 to 2.9 and group I 1.5 to 1.5 per cent) were higher in group S. There was no difference in time to head lift (18+/-16 minutes), sternal recumbency (28+/-22 minutes) or standing (48+/-32 minutes). No adverse events occurred. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Sevoflurane appeared to be a suitable volatile anaesthetic for maintenance of routine clinical anaesthesia in dogs.     

Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of combinations of ketamine, medetomidine, romifidine and butorphanol in European badgers (Meles meles)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of three anaesthetic combinations in adult European badgers (Meles meles). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental trial. ANIMALS: Sixteen captive adult badgers. METHODS: The badgers were each anaesthetized by intramuscular injection using the three techniques assigned in random order: romifidine 0.18 mg kg(-1), ketamine 10 mg kg(-1) and butorphanol 0.1 mg kg(-1) (RKB); medetomidine 0.1 mg kg(-1), ketamine 9 mg kg(-1) and butorphanol 0.1 mg kg(-1) (MKB); and medetomidine 0.1 mg kg(-1) and ketamine 10 mg kg(-1) (MK). Initial drug doses were calculated based on a body mass of 10 kg. Additional anaesthetic requirements, time to drug effect, duration of action and recovery from anaesthesia were recorded. Heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate and rhythm, rectal and subcutaneous microchip temperature and oxygen saturation were recorded every 5 minutes. Depth of anaesthesia was assessed using: muscle tone; palpebral and pedal reflexes; and tongue relaxation at these time points. Blood samples and a tracheal aspirate were obtained under anaesthesia. Atipamezole was administered if the badger had not recovered within 60 minutes Parametric data were analysed using anova for repeated measures, and nonparametric data using Friedman's, and Cochran's Q tests: p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: All combinations produced good or excellent muscle relaxation throughout the anaesthetic period. RKB had the shortest duration of anaesthesia (16.8 minutes compared with MKB 25.9 minutes and MK 25.5 minutes) and antagonism was not required. RKB depressed respiratory rate less than MK and MKB. There was no significant difference between techniques for heart rate and rhythm. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: All combinations provided anaesthetic conditions suitable for sampling and identification procedures in adult badgers. The RKB protocol provided a significantly shorter period of anaesthesia when compared with the combinations containing medetomidine.     

Spinal analgesia and sedation of goats with lignocaine and xylazine

Spinal anaesthesia of 20 does undergoing laparotomies was accomplished with epidural injections of 2 per cent lignocaine at a dosage of 1 ml per 4.55 kg in 16 goats. Epidural injection resulted in paralysis lasting 198.5 minutes +/- 36.6 minutes. Subarachnlid injection resulted in paralysis lasting 180.8 minutes +/- 44.9 minutes. Xylazine was given intramuscularly at the dosage of 0.11 mg per kg after posterior paralysis was complete. These treatments resulted in effective analgesia for surgical intervention. Recovery was complete and uneventful in all goats. An additional 26 operations were performed using this treatment and results were equally satisfactory.     

Critical Tests on Thiabendazole as an Anthelmintic in Sheep

The results of critical tests on thiabendazole given at three dose levels, 50 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, to groups of naturally parasitized lambs are reported. While the compound appeared to be efficient at all levels, the best results were obtained at 100 mg/kg. The total percentage removals of all worms present in the gut at these three dosage levels were 79.1 per cent at the 50 mg/kg level, 96.3 per cent at the 80 mg/kg level and 99.5 per cent at the 100 mg/kg level.     

Anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a constant-rate infusion of alfaxalone in desflurane-anaesthetised sheep

A prospective, randomised, blinded controlled study was performed to determine the anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a constant-rate infusion (CRI) of alfaxalone in 12?sheep anaesthetised with desflurane, and undergoing experimental orthopaedic surgery. Sheep were sedated with dexmedetomidine (4 μg/kg, intravenously) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg, intravenously). Anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (1 mg/kg/minute to effect, intravenously) and maintained with desflurane in oxygen and?alfaxalone 0.07 mg/kg/minute or saline for 150 minutes (range 150-166 minutes). The anaesthetic induction dose of alfaxalone, the desflurane expiratory fraction required for anaesthetic maintenance, cardiorespiratory measurements and blood-gases were recorded at predetermined intervals. Quality of sedation, anaesthetic induction and recovery were assessed. The alfaxalone induction dose was 1.7 mg/kg (1.2 to 2.6 mg/kg). The desflurane expiratory fraction was lower (22 per cent) in sheep receiving alfaxalone CRI (P?=?0). Also, heart rate (P?=?0), cardiac index (P?=?0.002), stroke index (P?=?0) and contractility (P?=?0) were higher, and systemic vascular resistance (P?=?0.002) was lower. Although respiratory rate tended to be higher with alfaxalone, there was no difference in PCO(2) between the groups. Recovery times were significantly longer in sheep given alfaxalone (25.4 v 9.5 minutes) but recovery quality was similar. Alfaxalone reduced requirements of desflurane and maintained similar cardiorespiratory function, but recovery time was more prolonged.     

Improved test for the detection of reverse transcriptase of bovine leukosis virus

The revertase test with exogenous matrix, poly-(rA) . oligo-(dT), for the detection of bovine leukemia virus from crude virus sediments was standardised and miniaturised. An amount of 10 ml of cell culture supernatant of short-term cultured lymphocytes (5 . 10(6) cells/ml) is quite sufficient for testing one cattle sample. The lower sensitivity limit of the test was found to be 10(6) virus particles. The test is properly reproducible, within tolerance limits of +/- 20--30 per cent, provided that optimum lysis conditions be maintained (0.01 per cent triton X-100, 20 minutes, 0--4 degrees C incubation) and under the condition that the protein quantity in 100 microliter test solution does not exceed the threshold of 3--15 micrograms. The specificity of the test is based on the use of free viruses from cell culture supernatant, the optimum temperature of the revertase reaction at 25 degrees C, which actually deviates from that for cellular DNA polymerases, that is 37 degrees C, and magnesium ion concentration which has to be optimum for bovine leucosis virus revertase. Two-hundred heads of cattle, differing by haematological status, were examined, and 56 per cent of them were, clearly, virus producers, among them 95 per cent of all animals with positively established leucosis and 36 per cent of the haematologically intact animals. Examinations of individuals have shown that in repetitive checks, carried out in intervals between two months and one week, the revertase activities varied by something between 0.5 and two magnitudes.     

Immobilization of cattle and bison with a combination of xylazine, zolazepam-tiletamine and ketamine

The aim of this study was to find a safe and reliable alternative to Immobilon for the immobilization of (feral) cattle. A combination of xylazine, zolazepam-tiletamine and ketamine was tested in Limousin cattle, Scottish Highland cattle, and American bison. Bodyweight, induction time, arterial O2 saturation and the total downtime were measured. Arterial blood was taken for pH and blood gas analysis. The animals were then injected with atipamezole and the recovery time was recorded. A combination of 500 mg zolazepam, 500 mg tiletamine, 500 mg xylazine, and 1000 mg (10 ml) ketamine, administered in a dosage of 1 ml per 100-150 kg bodyweight (depending on the species), proved to be most reliable and effective. The combination resulted in a fast immobilization. In all animals slight respiratory depression was seen, which indicates that oxygen suppletion may be needed for long-lasting immobilization. After reversal of the xylazine component, almost all animals recovered within 4 minutes. No long term adverse effects were reported by the owners.     

A clinical comparison of two anaesthetic protocols using lidocaine or medetomidine in horses

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of two balanced anaesthetic protocols on end-tidal isoflurane (Fe'ISO), cardiopulmonary performance and quality of recovery in horses. DESIGN: Prospective blinded randomized clinical study. ANIMALS: Sixty-nine client-owned horses, American Society of Anesthesiologists category I and II, undergoing elective surgery. METHODS: The horses were premedicated with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg(-1)) IM 30-60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia and were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: in group L (37 horses) xylazine (1 mg kg(-1)) and in group M (31 horses) medetomidine (7 microg kg(-1)) was administered IV for sedation. Anaesthesia was induced 5 minutes later with ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1)) and diazepam (0.02 mg kg(-1)) IV and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air (initial FIO2 0.40-0.50) and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of either lidocaine (2 mg kg(-1)/15 minutes loading dose followed by 50 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)) (group L) or medetomidine (3.5 microg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (group M). If horses showed movement or nystagmus, additional thiopental or ketamine was administered. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), Fe'ISO and arterial blood gases were measured. Cardiac output was measured with the lithium dilution method in 10 (group L) and 11 (group M) horses every 45 minutes. Recovery was scored. RESULTS: Heart rate and the cardiac index (CI) were significantly higher in group L with changes over time. In group M, MAP was significantly higher during the first 50 minutes. Group L needed more additional ketamine and thiopental to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia and Fe'ISO was significantly higher from 70 minutes. Recovery was longer in group M and of better quality. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In group M, maintenance of stable anaesthetic depth was easier and lower Fe'ISO was required to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia. Recoveries were longer but of better quality. The CI was higher in group L but cardiovascular function was generally well maintained in both groups.     

Evaluation of an anaesthetic technique used in dogs undergoing craniectomy for tumour resection

ObjeCTIVE: To evaluate a total intravenous anaesthetic technique in dogs undergoing craniectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Ten dogs admitted for elective surgical resection of rostro-tentorial tumours. METHODS: All dogs were premedicated with methadone, 0.2 mg kg(-1) intramuscularly 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol administered intravenously (IV) to effect, following administration of lidocaine 1 mg kg(-1) IV and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at < or =0.4 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) during instrumentation and preparation and during movement of the animals to recovery. During surgery, anaesthesia was maintained using a continuous infusion of propofol at 相似文献