日本胴体产肉率方程对我国牛胴体评价的适用性研究

用ＳＡＳ软件对１５２头商品牛的屠宰数据进行统计分析，通过产肉率方程的估测值瑟实测值的相关及回归分析，初步认为，日本方程对我国晋南牛胴体产率具有一定的预测作用，预测准确度为６６．７８％，但高估了约１０个百分点。但对鲁西牛，杂交牛，北牛等无预测作用。     

鲁西黄牛背截面指标为参数的胴体产肉率回归分析

７头商品鲁西牛胴体第１１肋后缘截面的客观测量值及相应的其它屠宰数据应用ＳＡＳ软件对胴体产肉率进行了回归分析,结果表明半胴体重、皮下脂肪厚、背眼肌面积、腔脂％组建的四元方程对后腿分割肉产率的预测力最大,其次是后躯分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、主要分割肉产率对全部分割肉产率的预测力最小。眼肌面积是主要分割肉产率最重要的独立预测指标;腔脂％对全部分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、后躯分割肉产率单独的预测作用最大     

牛胴体产肉率与部位肉产率相关性的研究

用ＳＡＳ软件对１７１头商品牛的屠宰数据进行了统计分析,结果表明：不同的胴体产率,如主要分割肉产率、全部分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、后躯分割肉产率、后腿分割肉产率、瘦肉产率与各部位肉产率具有不同的相关关系,因此它们具有不同的应用价值。由于主要分割肉产率与胴体主要肌肉产率的相关性最大,所以应是胴体产量级划分的最理想的依据。     

辽育白牛胴体产肉量预测模型研究

为了快速且准确的预测辽育白牛胴体产肉量,进而建立完善的胴体分级体系,本试验对60头辽育白牛进行屠宰胴体分割试验,分别测量了胴体重(X₁),第5肋侧厚度(X₂),第5~6肋眼肌宽高乘积(X₃),第5~6肋眼肌面积(X₄),第12肋侧厚度(X₅),第12~13肋眼肌宽高乘积(X₆),第12~13肋眼肌面积(X₇),肾脏油、心脏油和膈肌油之和(X₈),后腿围(X₉)和大腿肌肉厚(X₁₀)等与产肉量、产肉率相关的10项指标,利用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行相关分析和线性回归分析。结果显示,X₁、X₈与产肉量和产肉率相关性最强,依此推导出2个可信度高、实践中方便应用的产肉量预测方程:①产肉量(眼肌宽高乘积)=0.809X₁+0.158X₆+0.857X₈-13.967 (R²=0.986);②产肉量(眼肌面积)=0.779X₁+0.318X₇+0.933X₈-17.779 (R²=0.990)。     

关于肉牛屠宰试验中增加净体屠宰率,产肉率指标的建议

1 前言在“勃海黑牛选育及其品种特性研究”科研课题实施过程中,屠宰测定渤海黑牛34头。屠宰前,根据山东农业大学郭经恂教授的提议,在按照全国第三次肉牛繁育协作会议规定的“肉牛屠宰试验方法”基础上,测定记录增加了净体重、净体屠宰率和净体产肉率3项内容。在数据统计处理过程中发现,18月龄组和24月龄组宰前平均活重基本相同,按常规统计屠宰率和净肉率,24月龄组均高于18月龄组,但按净体屠宰率和净体产肉率统计,则     

BMY热带肉牛屠宰测定报告

热带牛（BMY）生长快，产肉性能好。在完全放牧条件下。18月龄体重可达300kg以上，18月龄和30月龄牛的平均屠宰率达55.53%，平均净肉率为46.30%。分别比云南黄牛提高18.10和21.92个百分点，优质切块占胴体重的39.30%，且抗蜱耐热，适应性广，不仅能适应炎热的气候，而且在冰天雪地的环境中表现也较好。     

猪肉胴体的评价

<正> 市场猪肉胴体的价值主要取决于修整肉、腌瘦肉和腌肉片的出肉率。虽然瘦肉修整下来的碎肉可做肉肠成分;修整下来的脂肪也可作油脂使用,但其在猪肉胴体总价值中所占比例甚微。猪肉胴体必须具有受人欢迎的质量标准(适口性的特征)。然而,除最低限度的适口性标准外,其质量上的区别对猪胴体经济价值所起的作用并不像其对牛、羊肉胴体所起的那样大。     

光周期对牛生长、胴体品质和采食的影响

光照不仅对动物繁殖性能有显著影响,对动物的生长发育等也有一定作用。长期以来,光照控制一直是禽类生产中的一项重要措施,但至今也还没有确定适合不同品种、生理阶段和生长需要的光照制度。在牛的生产中,尽管光照控制显得不像鸡那么重要,但在冬季舍饲和集约化生产的条件下,光照对牛生产性能(如体增重和产奶量)的影响日益受     

平凉红牛生长性状及胴体性状育种值预计趋势研究

为开展平凉红牛生长性状与胴体性状育种值预计趋势研究，本实验以296头平凉红牛（274头母牛、22头公牛）的育种值预计趋势数据为基础，与美国主要肉牛品种育种值预计趋势进行对比，并开展生长性状与胴体性状间相关性分析，绘制生长性状与胴体性状标准化评分雷达图。研究结果显示，平凉红牛RFI、ADG、WWT、YWT育种值的遗传趋势较安格斯牛、利木赞牛及西门塔尔牛逊色，即各项生长性状的发育较其他品种肉牛慢；平凉红牛Marb、Fat育种值的预计趋势评分高于利木赞牛，但较安格斯与西门塔尔牛低；REA育种值的预计趋势评分较安格斯、西门塔尔及利木赞牛高；HCW育种值的预计趋势评分较安格斯、西门塔尔及利木赞牛低；生长性状中除RFI与胴体性状育种值预计趋势呈一定程度的负相关外，其余指标与胴体性状均呈正相关。本实验研究结果表明，平凉红牛与其他品种肉牛相比，在胴体性状特别是眼肌面积方面表现优秀，因此今后平凉红牛选育工作重点可放在高档肉培育方面。     

欧盟各国猪胴体评定方法及对中国猪胴体评定体系建立的几点建议

本文介绍了欧盟国家对猪胴体评定时所采用的分级设备、预测瘦肉率的方程及测量部位等内容,并对我国即将实行的猪胴体分级制度及对猪胴体进行评定时所要考虑的问题提出了几点建议。     

Effects of concentrate levels on fattening performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats fed low quality grass hay

To assess the effects of finishing Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats with concentrate diets on the fattening performance, carcass and meat quality, 32 castrated crossbred goats (9.5 months old, 17.1 kg BWT) were equally allocated into four levels of concentrate supplementation. The concentrate levels were: Zero access to concentrate (T0), 33% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T33), 66% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T66) and 100% access to ad libitum concentrate allowance (T100). Each animal had access to ad libitum grass hay. Ad libitum concentrate intake for the goats was 663 g/d, which supported ME intake of 8.7 MJ/head/d. The attained maximum daily gain was 96 g/d. T100 and T66 goats were comparable in slaughter weight but the former had 2 kg heavier (P < 0.05) carcasses than the latter. T100 and T66 goats were similar in carcass fatness scores, though both were fattier (P < 0.05) than other diet groups. Dressing percentage (DP) was expressed in three different ways. In all but commercial DP, T100 were comparable to T66 goats, but all were higher than the other diet groups. For T0 goats, pH-values remained above 6 even after 24 h post-mortem. Cooking losses increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of concentrate supplementation. Moreover, among the muscles assessed, M. rectus abdominis had the least cooking loss. Warner–Bratzler shear force values of cooked muscles were highest (P < 0.05) in M. gluteobiceps, followed by M. vastus lateralis, while M. psoas major and longismus dorsi aged for 6 days had the least values. Finishing Small East African × Norwegian crossbred goats at 66% access to their ad libitum concentrate intake gives optimum carcass and meat quality, and that any increase above this level seems not to improve meat production.     

肉牛产业化需解决的几个关键问题

针对我国肉牛产业化水平低、经济效益差的现状，提出应着力解决以下几个关键性的问题：在全国范围内执行全国统一的肉牛胴体分级（评定）标准，以生产符合国际牛肉贸易要求的高档优质牛肉，获取高额利润，并迅速促进国内牛肉市场的发展；通过冷配杂交改良及胚胎移植等技术继续大力实施肉牛改良计划，大幅度地提高屠宰牛的胴体重；深入开展与肉牛有关的经济性状进行分子遗传机理的研究以及营养和牛肉品质等方面的研究。     

Intake, live animal scores/measurements and carcass composition and value of late-maturing beef and dairy breeds

The objectives of this study were to compare the progeny of 1) late-maturing beef with dairy breeds and 2) Charolais (CH), Limousin (LM), Simmental (SM) and Belgian Blue (BB) sires bred to beef suckler dams, for feed intake, blood hormones and metabolites, live animal measurements, carcass traits and carcass value in bull and steer production systems. The bull system included 50 late-maturing beef breeds and 22 Holsteins (HO) slaughtered at approximately 15 months of age, whereas the steer system consisted of 56 late-maturing beef breeds and 23 British Friesians (FR) slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age. Beef breeds were suckled until approximately 8 months of age, while dairy breeds were artificially reared until weaning at approximately 3 months of age. All animals were finished on an ad libitum concentrate diet. Mean live weight, live weight gain, carcass gain and feed efficiency were greater (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems during the finishing period when offered concentrates. Although there was no difference in feed intake between beef and dairy breeds, intake expressed relative to live weight was lower (P < 0.001) in beef breeds in both systems. At 10 months of age and pre-slaughter, beef breeds had higher (P < 0.001) muscularity scores and greater scanned muscle depth (P < 0.001) than their dairy contemporaries. Carcass weight, kill-out proportion, carcass conformation score, meat proportion and value were greater (P < 0.001) and carcass fat and bone proportions were lower (P < 0.05) in beef than dairy breeds in both systems. Insulin concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in beef than dairy breeds, whereas there was no difference in blood metabolites or IGF-1 concentrations. Feed intake expressed relative to live weight or feed efficiency did not differ between CH, LM, SM or BB sired progeny. Muscularity scores were greater (P < 0.05) in BB than SM, whereas skeletal scores were lower (P < 0.05) in LM than SM. Limousin had lower (P < 0.05) carcass gain per day of age than CH and SM, whereas SM had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass conformation score than BB and CH and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat score than CH. Simmental had a lower (P < 0.05) carcass meat proportion and a higher (P < 0.05) carcass fat proportion than CH, LM and BB, which were similar (P > 0.05). The improvement obtained for beef over dairy breeds in live weight gain was 12%, while the improvements in carcass gain and meat produced was 24% and 33%, respectively. This demonstrates that the importance of carcass data contributing to breed comparison studies cannot be over-emphasised.     

Live weight, body size and carcass characteristics of young bulls of fifteen European breeds

A total of 436 young bulls from fifteen Western European breeds, including beef, dairy and local types from five countries, were studied to assess variability in live weight, live weight gain, body measurements and carcass traits. Animals were logged indoors, and fed a diet based on concentrate and straw offered ad libitum from 9 months of age to slaughter at 15 months of age. The weight, body length, height at withers and pelvis width, of the animals were recorded at 9, 12 and 15 months of age. After slaughter, 15 carcass variables were recorded, including carcass weight, EU classification scores, morphological measurements and dissection data. Data were analysed by GLM, regression and principal component analysis procedures.Significant differences were found between breeds for all variables studied, however, the body size measurements and the carcass traits were more useful to discriminate among cattle breeds, than either live weight or daily gain. With respect to the body size and carcass traits the studied breeds could be grouped as:

– Specialized beef breeds, comprising Piemontese, Asturiana de los Valles, Pirenaica, Limousin, South Devon, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus, all of which were characterized by high muscularity, wide pelvis and medium height and a low to medium level of fatness.

– Local and dairy breeds, comprising Jersey, Casina, Highland, Holstein and Danish Red, the latter two breeds were tall animals, while the former three breeds were small in size. In general the group was poorly muscled and tended to have a high or medium level of fat.

– Intermediate group, Avileña, Marchigiana and Simmental: these breeds were characterized by an intermediate muscle conformation and fatness level and were relatively tall.

This study provides a detailed assessment or a wide range of variables in the major breeds, and several minor breeds, that are used in breeding programmes across Europe and elsewhere, and will provide information that will be of use to define breeding strategies to meet the demands of the European beef market.     

Growth and carcass traits of Creole goats under different pre-weaning,fattening and slaughter conditions

Data of 198 male Creole kids were analysed to assess the main non-genetic sources of variation of their meat abilities. Basal diet was composed of tropical pasture (28 days): in FD (forage diet), kids received no supplement; in group MD (mixed diet) they were offered 360 g/day pellet, while in group PD (pasture diet) kids were reared at pasture without supplementation. Given a regular four-month interval of weaning within the flock, fixed ages at slaughter (AS) were 7, 11 and 15 months. Three slaughter weights (SW) were compared 17–18, 21–22 and 25–26 kg. The growth levels before weaning and the season of birth effects were added in the statistical analysis. The use of MD has a significant (P < 0.05) effect on almost all the body and carcass traits: 85% more ADG and carcass weight. The weights of fat tissues increased but represented only 4% of empty body weight. As expected, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences within the SW and AS classes that are discussed. Range of variations allow for suggesting further experiments or practical recommendations. The initial results: carcass yield (55%), conformation score (more than 3), fat cover score (less than 3), proportion of primal cuts (63%) or muscle/bone ratio (3–4 points) are a good incentive for the local sector.     

有机铬的研究进展

铬是动物体必需的微量元素.Cr3+作为葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)的活性成分强化胰岛素的生理功能,调节三大营养物质的代谢.与无机铬相比,有机铬易被动物体吸收,生物利用率高.大量研究结果表明有机铬在减少动物应激、改善胴体品质、提高母猪繁殖性能等方面有明显作用.     

含不同比例梅山猪血缘杂交肉猪胴体品质研究

选不同比例梅山猪血缘 (梅山猪血缘比例为 0 ,1 / 8,1 / 4 ,3 / 8,1 / 2 ,1 )的杂交仔猪 68头 ,采用单因子试验设计 ,在同一营养水平 (DE :前期 1 4.2 1兆焦 /千克 ,后期 1 3 .79兆焦 /千克 ;CP :1 5 % ,1 3 % ;Lys:0 .75 % ,0 .65 % )下 ,研究不同梅山猪血缘比例对不同体重阶段生长肥育猪胴体品质 (平均膘厚、眼肌面积、瘦肉率等 )的影响。结果表明 :梅山猪与国外猪种杂交后 ,1 / 2梅山 ,1 / 4梅山 ,1 / 8梅山杂交猪的胴体品质显著高于 (P <0 .0 1 )纯种梅山猪。在同一体重下 (1 1 0kg) ,3 / 8梅山 ,1 / 2梅山和纯种梅山猪的平均膘厚显著高于其它血缘组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,1 / 8梅山 ,1 / 4梅山和杜×大杂交猪间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;瘦肉率和眼肌面积随梅山猪血缘比例增加 ,逐渐下降 ;同一血缘不同体重阶段生长肥育猪随体重 (或饲养天数 )增加 ,平均膘厚、眼肌面积、瘦肉率呈显著二次曲线变化 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,肥育猪在适宜体重下屠宰 ,改善胴体品质     

Effects of high fat,modified wet,corn distiller's grains plus solubles on beef steer performance and carcass characteristics

Corn distiller's grains plus solubles (DGS) have become a common replacement for shelled corn in diets of finishing steers. Numerous studies have evaluated DGS inclusion, both wet (WDGS) and dry (DDGS), into feedlot diets with conflicting reports on feedlot performance and subsequent meat quality. Many authors have failed to describe the nutrient composition of the DGS utilized in their studies making it difficult to determine why different studies have different results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feedlot performance and subsequent meat quality characteristics of steers fed high fat (10.36±0.72%), modified wet corn distiller's grains plus solubles (HWDGS) at 0, 25, 40, and 70% of the diet dry matter (DM). Angus cross steers (n=240; 335±55 kg) were blocked by source and stratified within block (3 blocks) by body weight (BW) to 32 treatment pens containing either 6 or 10 steers/pen. Pens within block were randomly assigned to one of four diets containing 15% corn silage: (1) 76.9% shelled corn, 6.4% soybean meal 1.5% limestone, 0.2% premix (0 HWDGS); (2) 25.0% HWDGS, 58.20% shelled corn 1.6% limestone, 0.2% premix (25 HWDGS); (3) 40.0% HWDGS, 42.74% shelled corn 2.06% limestone, 0.2% premix (40 HWDGS); (4) 70.0% HWDGS, 12.30% shelled corn 2.5% limestone, 0.2% premix (70 HWDGS). Target BW at harvest was 591 kg±23 kg with 121 steers harvested on day (d) 161 and 117 steers on d 224. Hot carcass weight and liver abscess scores were recorded on d of harvest. Longissimus muscle area, rib fat thickness, marbling score, and kidney, pelvic and heart fat were measured after a 24 h chill. No significant differences were observed between treatments regarding average daily gain (ADG) or BW. Steers fed 0 HWDGS had significantly lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) than steers fed HWDGS and the response was quadratic at lower ADFI. Steers fed 70 HWDGS had lower (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) compared to steers fed lower HWDGS concentrations. Steer gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly higher for steers fed 70 HWDGS compared to 0, 25, or 40 HWDGS with a quadratic response at higher % HWDGS diets. Mean United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quality grade was average choice. Mean USDA yield grade was 3.0. Steers fed 70 HWDGS had significantly smaller rib eye areas and a linear trend (P=0.08) to have lower USDA quality grades compared to steers fed lower HWDGS inclusion rates. Increasing dietary HWDGS increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA/saturated fatty acid concentrations in intramuscular fat with both a linear and quadratic effect. High fat modified WDGS can be fed up to 70% of diet DM without compromising feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, or meat quality.     

畜禽尸体堆肥无害化处理技术现状

堆肥是一种环境友好型动物尸体处理方法,国外的相关研究和应用具有近30年历史,比较而言,国内相关研究和应用非常有限。本文结合国内外相关文献资料,从动物尸体堆肥原理和特点、堆肥系统的结构及管理、堆体中微生物杀灭情况以及降解状态判定等方面对动物尸体堆肥技术进展进行综述,旨在为我国畜禽养殖场解决动物尸体处理难题提供技术参考和支持。     

用脂肪细胞膜免疫技术提高猪胴体品质

为了在满足动物营养需要和有效控制疫病的基础上进一步提高动物生产体系的经济效益，满足市场不断变化的需求，一直在探索和发展新的促进动物生长和提高胴体品质的技术手段。在认识到激素类制剂的残留和危害后，一种更新的非激素途径——脂肪细胞膜免疫技术日益受到关注。它高效、安全和作用持久的特点成为具有广泛研究和应用前景的新技术。