草地贪夜蛾有转移危害茶树的可能

草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）是世界性的重大迁飞性害虫,寄主范围极广。本文比较研究了草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食茶树和玉米叶片的生长适合度。试验结果表明,饲喂茶树叶片的初孵草地贪夜蛾幼虫8 d死亡率高达100%。3龄（9日龄）草地贪夜蛾幼虫取食茶树叶片的幼虫体重增长量显著低于以玉米叶为食的幼虫;取食3 d和6 d后,以茶树叶片为食的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的体重分别是以玉米叶为食的幼虫体重的35.58%和36.67%。取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的生长适合度明显低于取食玉米叶的幼虫。主要表现为：（1）8 d后,取食玉米叶的草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫存活率比取食茶树叶片的幼虫高出20%;（2）取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的成功化蛹率为54.17%;（3）取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期极显著长于取食玉米叶的幼虫,且蛹重、蛹长和蛹宽极显著低于取食玉米叶的幼虫的蛹。尽管取食茶树叶片的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的生长适合度较低,但是由于茶园中存在草地贪夜蛾嗜食的杂草,初孵幼虫可以杂草为食,3龄以上幼虫可取食茶树叶片并成功化蛹。因此,推测一旦草地贪夜蛾误迁入茶园,在茶园中的嗜食杂草被其食光后,其幼虫很有可能进一步危害茶树。     

茶丽纹象甲取食习性与防治指标研究

为了解茶丽纹象甲成虫的取食习性及为害性,以便为制订防治指标提供参考,本文开展了茶丽纹象甲成虫对茶树品种与叶位的选择性、食量等室内试验和不同虫口密度、不同品种下的茶园小区为害损失研究.结果表明,茶丽纹象甲成虫对不同品种茶梢具有明显的选择性,表现为丹桂>福云6号>黄棪.成虫期取食量(叶面积,mm2)为丹桂>黄棪>福云6号,但无显著差异.当喂饲福云6号品种茶梢时,在1~4对饲养密度下,每对成虫取食时长平均为11.8 d,在1对饲养密度下,每对成虫平均寿命为13.75±1.0 d;与老叶相比,茶丽纹象甲成虫倾向于取食新叶;茶丽纹象甲对福云6号品种的危害系数(每对成虫)为1.65 g,茶园虫口密度(x,头·m-2)与减产量(y,g·0.11m-2)的回归方程为:y = 0.0184x + 0.5611,对于亩产量100~125 kg的福云6号茶园,使用目前的防治指标(成龄投产茶园每平方米虫量在15头以上)是合适的.室内茶丽纹象甲在丹桂品种上的取食量比福云6号品种提高29.24%,在茶园虫口密度为10 头·m-2时引起茶青产量显著损失,虫口密度与减产量的回归方程为:y = 0.0665x + 0.7969,防治指标建议定为成龄投产茶园每平方米虫量10头以上.     

硒对连作障碍下大豆膜脂过氧化损伤的影响

本试验研究了连作胁迫条件下，硒在减轻连作胁迫对大豆膜脂过氧化损伤中的作用，结果表明，在重茬盆栽和迎茬小区试验中，硒的施用显著提高了大豆叶片中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活性，方差分析结果分别为Ｆ＝１３．００和Ｆ＝５．１２，由于ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性提高，使大豆叶片中膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量明显降低，二者呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为ｒ＝－０．９６７和ｒ＝－０．６９１，在重茬盆栽试验中     

L-茶氨酸对产肠毒性大肠杆菌引起的免疫应激小鼠肝脏的保护作用研究

以SPF级Balb/c雌性小鼠为实验动物,对其适应性饲养3 d后连续30 d灌喂不同剂量L-茶氨酸,然后腹腔注射产肠毒性大肠杆菌E44813诱导免疫应激,5 h后取样,分析研究了各组小鼠肝脏与脾脏系数,血清谷丙转氨酶(Alanine aminotranferease,ALT)与谷草转氨酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)含量,肝组织匀浆丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)水平与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性,肝组织病理学变化,以及血清中γ-干扰素(γ-Interferon,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)的表达量,以探明L-茶氨酸对产肠毒性大肠杆菌免疫应激小鼠肝脏的保护作用。结果表明,不同剂量的茶氨酸干预处理均能明显降低由大肠杆菌E44813感染引起的肝脏、脾脏系数的升高,降低血清ALT、AST及肝组织匀浆MDA水平,提高肝组织匀浆SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性,减少IFN-γ、IL-4表达量,改善肝脏组织病理损伤,其中以300 mg·kg-1剂量组效果最好,说明茶氨酸干预对产肠毒性大肠杆菌诱导的免疫应激小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,而且可能是通过减少IFN-γ与IL-4的表达、降低炎症反应、提高抗氧化能力等途径达到保护肝脏的作用。     

不同青贮方式对菠萝茎叶饲用品质的影响

分析添加尿素和废糖蜜对青贮菠萝茎叶营养成分的影响,并测定青贮后菠萝茎叶养分的瘤胃降解率。为提高菠萝茎叶的饲料化利用提供理论依据。试验以直接青贮菠萝茎叶为对照组,分别添加10 g/kg尿素、20 g/kg废糖蜜、10 g/kg尿素+20 g/kg废糖蜜为试验组,青贮45 d后进行营养成分、养分的瘤胃降解分析。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加10 g/kg尿素青贮菠萝茎叶可以显著降低单宁含量,提高粗蛋白(CP)、氨态氮(NH3-N)含量(p0.05);添加20 g/kg废糖蜜,CP、单宁含量显著提高(p0.05);添加10 g/kg尿素+20 g/kg废糖蜜,CP、NH3含量提高,乙酸含量降低,差异显著(p0.05);3个试验组中,DM、CP、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)在瘤胃内经72 h后的降解率均显著高于对照组(p0.05)。本试验中,添加10 g/kg尿素+20 g/kg废糖蜜可以显著提高青贮菠萝茎叶的品质,并提高青贮菠萝茎叶养分的瘤胃降解率。     

Effect of hesperetin,a citrus flavonoid,on the liver triacylglycerol content and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in orotic acid-fed rats

The effect of dietary hesperetin on the hepatic lipid content and the enzyme activities involved in triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis in rats fed diets with or without 1% orotic acid (OA) was studied. Hepatic TG content was raised by approximately 5-fold after administration of OA for 10 days. The OA-feeding significantly increased the activity of hepatic microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), which is the rate-limiting enzyme for TG synthesis. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme activities were also increased. An addition of 1% hesperetin to the OA-supplemented diet resulted in the decrease of the hepatic TG content by 44% and of microsomal PAP activity. Dietary hesperetin alone neither affected liver TG content nor PAP activity significantly. OA-feeding caused an increased liver cholesterol level, whereas simultaneous addition of hesperetin and OA reduced its content to the control level. A slight reduction of hepatic cholesterol by hesperetin was also observed in the OA-free dietary group. The present study demonstrated that dietary hesperetin can reduce the hepatic TG accumulation induced by OA, and this was associated with the reduced activity of TG synthetic enzyme, PAP.     

红茶对高脂饮食小鼠血脂的调节作用研究

采用脂代谢紊乱模型法—预防性给予不同地区不同剂量的红茶（剂量为成人每日饮用量的5倍、10倍和20倍3种）,观察小鼠体重、血脂、相关酶及肝脏形态的变化。结果表明：与高脂模型对照组相比,红茶剂量组能极显著（P<0.01）降低血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、肝脏丙二醛（MDA）、肝脏指数;极显著（P<0.01）升高血清载脂蛋白A₁（apoA₁）、脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）、肝脂酶（HL）、总脂酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）,血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）有所上升,小鼠体重也得到了一定的抑制,肝脏病变程度得到了相应的减轻,说明红茶具有一定的调节血脂及减小肝脏因高脂饮食所带来的损伤。     

开放式空气CO2浓度增高和施氮量对水稻结实期叶片内肽酶活力的影响

 利用农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高 (free air CO2 enrichment,FACE) 系统,CO2浓度设正常CO2 (ambient, AMB) 和高CO2 (FACE,AMB + 200 μmol/mol) 2个水平,施N量设低氮 (LN,15 g/m2,以纯氮计)、中氮 (NN,25 g/m2)和高氮 (HN,35 g / m2) 3个水平,对水稻品种武香粳14结实期剑叶和倒2叶的内肽酶活力变化情况进行了研究。结果表明: 1) 同AMB相比,FACE处理使剑叶抽穗后10 d、20 d以及倒2叶抽穗到抽穗后20 d内肽酶活力明显提高,但使剑叶成熟期内肽酶活力明显下降;使剑叶抽穗后10 d、20 d和成熟期以及倒2叶抽穗到成熟期内肽酶比活力明显提高;FACE对抽穗后10 d、20 d叶片内肽酶活力和比活力影响较大,而对抽穗期和成熟期的影响较小。同LN相比,HN使灌浆前期叶片内肽酶活力明显降低,灌浆中后期则呈增加趋势;HN降低了叶片各期内肽酶比活力,灌浆前期降幅大于后期。 2) 同AMB相比,FACE使叶片抽穗后10 d至成熟期可溶性蛋白含量明显降低;同LN相比,HN明显减缓FACE处理对抽穗后10 d至成熟期功能叶片可溶性蛋白含量的影响。 3）除成熟期叶片可溶性蛋白含量与内肽酶活力呈正相关外,结实期剑叶及倒2叶可溶性蛋白含量与对应时期内肽酶活力呈显著负相关。上述结果说明,FACE处理下水稻剑叶及倒2叶结实中后期可溶性蛋白含量明显下降与结实期叶片内肽酶活力的变化关系密切。     

Effect of colocasia leaves (Colocasia antiquorum) on serum and tissue lipids in cholesterol-fed rats

Dried colocasia powder (10% and 20%) was fed to hypercholesterolemic rats for a period of one month to explore the effect on serum lipids and tissue lipids. The results indicated that there was a significant increase in total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels in the cholesterol fed rats. Liver cholesterol showed a slight reduction which was non-significant, while an increase in liver triglyceride was observed in rats fed with 10% and 20% colocasia leaves diet with or without cholesterol. All these observations indicate an aggravating effect of colocasia leaves on serum and tissue lipids in cholesterol-fed rats.     

龙井茶摊放过程中β葡萄糖苷酶活性变化

对龙井茶鲜叶摊放过程中β 葡萄糖苷酶活性的变化研究表明: 鲜叶摊放2 小时, 酶活性就达到最高水平, 而后便逐渐下降, 品种间虽有差异, 但趋势基本一致。3 个品种摊放叶的酶活性以水古茶最高, 其次是龙井43 和鸠坑种。在温度较低(20 ℃左右) 和相对湿度较大(90% 左右) 时, 酶活性在6 ～8 小时仍保持较高水平, 而在温度较高(25 ℃) 和相对湿度较低(75 % —80 % ) 时, 摊放2 小时后, 酶活性就大幅度下降到较低的水平, 因此, 要达到传统工艺上的摊放要求, 宜以低温(20 ℃以下) 高湿( 相对湿度90 % 以上) 环境下摊放为妥。     

Nitrogen-enhanced phytotoxicity to cucumber of low concentrations of EPTC and metolachlor

The impact of nitrogen source on the response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings to sub-toxic concentrations (<10⁻⁶ ) of metolachlor and EPTC was studied in nutrient solutions. Nitrogen increased the phytotoxicity of low concentrations of both herbicides. The presence of a relatively high ammonium level (5m ) in solution enhanced growth inhibition (up to 50%), increased total nitrogen (20%) and protein content (26%), and resulted in less K⁺ (50%) and Ca²⁺ (70%) absorption. Under optimal nitrogen nutrition conditions, metolachlor temporarily inhibited plant growth, and both herbicides decreased the protein content in cucumber leaves. The effect of herbicides at the high ammonium level on plant growth was stronger and more long-lasting compared with control growing conditions.     

Effect of Bitter Gourd (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Momordica charantia</Emphasis>) on Glycaemic Status in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), a commonly consumed vegetable is used as an adjunct in the management of diabetes mellitus. A study was carried out to examine the effect of edible portion of bitter gourd at 10% level in the diet in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. To evaluate the glycaemic control of bitter gourd during diabetes, diet intake, gain in body weight, water intake, urine sugar, urine volume, glomerular filtration rate and fasting blood glucose profiles were monitored. Water consumption, urine volume and urine sugar were significantly higher in diabetic controls compared to normal rats and bitter gourd feeding alleviated this rise during diabetes by about 30%. Renal hypertrophy was higher in diabetic controls and bitter gourd supplementation, partially, but effectively prevented it (38%) during diabetes. Increased glomerular filtration rate in diabetes was significantly reduced (27%) by bitter gourd. An amelioration of about 30% in fasting blood glucose was observed with bitter gourd feeding in diabetic rats. These results clearly provided experimental evidence that dried bitter gourd powder in the diet at 10% level improved diabetic status signifying its beneficial effect during diabetes.     

Cuban brown snail,Zachrysia provisoria (Gastropoda): Damage potential and control

The snail Zachrysia provisoria (Pfeiffer) is poorly known in Florida, USA, where it predominately is viewed as a pest of ornamental plants. I evaluated its host plant relationships, foliage consumption potential, and susceptibility to several molluscicides. Many of the potential hosts, especially common ornamental plants that are planted densely as ground cover and might be expected to provide a favorable environment for snails, are not suitable for growth of young snails. Older snails, though displaying some ability to feed and damage hosts unsuitable for growth of young snails, displayed similar patterns of acceptance and growth. Several weeds were favorable for growth, suggesting that untended environments could lead to snail problems in adjacent ornamental plantings. The effect of plant condition (age) on snail feeding preference was assessed by measuring leaf consumption by snails presented simultaneously with young (green, located apically) and senescent (yellowing or yellow, located basally) leaves of a single plant species. From preferred host plants, snails chose young leaf tissue, but from less preferred plants they consumed senescent tissue. Foliage consumption potential was assessed using romaine lettuce at two constant temperatures, 24 and 32 °C. Foliage consumption increased with age (wet weight) at both 24 and 32 °C; however, the rate of consumption was higher at the lower temperature. At 24 °C, mean peak consumption was about 40 cm² of leaf area or 12 g wet weight/day. At the less favorable high temperature of 32 °C, mean peak consumption was reduced by about 50%, to a mean of only 20 cm² or 6 g wet weight/day. Relative consumption rate (cm² or g foliage/g snail) diminished with age (wet weight) of the snails. Several molluscicide-containing baits were assessed. Metaldehyde-based baits induced mortality most quickly, followed by iron-based baits. A boric acid-based bait was slowest, requiring 12 days for the induction of significant levels of mortality. All baits significantly suppressed feeding, however, sometimes even in the absence of mortality.     

水稻叶片谷胱甘肽－抗坏血酸循环系统运转对光抑制的响应

 以水稻品种献改优为材料分析了大田及人工光抑制条件下水稻叶片光抑制表现及谷胱甘肽-抗坏血酸循环系统(以下称谷-抗系统)运转状况。结果显示,在夏季典型晴田,午间水稻叶片光合作用表现出较明显的“午休”现象,阴天“午休”现象消失。表观量子效率分析表明“午休”现象与叶片光抑制有关,晴天水稻叶片谷-抗系统运转速率随日照强度增加而迅速加快,主要表现为谷胱甘肽总量以及谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的明显增加。而GSH／GSSG、抗坏血酸总量以及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性均相对稳定,表明谷-抗系统的运行速率主要受谷胱甘肽含量及谷胱甘肽还原酶活性限制。无CO₂,空气、强光及过氧化氧酶抑制剂处理等试验结果证明谷-抗系统运行对于光合机构清除H₂O₂等有毒街质,减轻损伤具有积极意义。还就水稻叶片的光抑制,谷-抗系统的运行活性与水稻生产的可能联系进行了讨论。     

Dried green leaf powders of Jew's mellow (Corchorus), persimmon (Diosphyros kaki) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas poir) lower hepatic cholesterol concentration and increase fecal bile acid excretion in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet

A cholesterol-free diet containing dried powder of Jew's mellow leaves, persimmon leaves or sweet potato leaves respectively at 5% level as dietary fiber was fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for about one month. The experiment was conducted twice except for sweet potato leaves. In the groups fed the diet mixed with powders of any of the three different dried green leaves, the hepatic cholesterol concentration significantly decreased. Such lowering was not observed in serum cholesterol concentration compared with the control (cellulose) group. A significant increase in fecal weight was observed in all the groups fed the green leaf samples. All the dried green leaves increased fecal excretion of bile acids per gram or per day compared with the control group in both experiments, but only the dried Jew's mellow leaves showed an increased excretion of neutral sterols. These results suggest that lowering of hepatic cholesterol by powdered green leaves is not necessarily due to the same factor, but to the increased fecal excretion of bile acids due to inhibited enterohepatic circulation in animals given these samples.     

扬麦16籽粒灌浆速率相关性状的QTL定位(小麦15K SNP芯片法)

为给选育籽粒灌浆快、粒重高的小麦新品种提供材料与技术支撑,以扬麦16、镇麦168、扬麦20和扬麦22为亲本构建获得的158个RIL群体为材料,利用小麦15K SNP芯片构建遗传连锁图谱,对小麦籽粒灌浆速率相关性状进行QTL定位。结果表明,应用完备区间作图法共检测到11个QTL,其中检测到5个与灌浆速率相关的新的QTL,分别位于3AL、4DL(2)、6AL和 7AL上,可解释3.4%~9.3%的表型变异;检测到3个与千粒重相关的QTL,分别位于4AL（2）和4DS上,可解释3.9%~9.2%的表型变异;首次检测到3个与籽粒灌浆持续时间相关的QTL,分别位于3AL和4DL(2)上,可解释2.7%~7.5%的表型变异。扬麦16提供与灌浆速率和千粒重相关QTL的增效基因,累加了定位到的全部籽粒灌浆快和粒重高的位点;扬麦22提供与籽粒灌浆持续时间相关QTL的增效基因。扬麦16和扬麦22可用作选育早熟、大粒小麦新品种的亲本材料。     

Biochemical response in rats to the addition of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) to the diet

Three groups with 12 weanling male albino rats were group fed for 90 days on a standard laboratory rat diet plus 20% coconut oil either without a supplement or with the addition of 10% curry leaf or 10% mustard seeds. Feed was offered at a level of 10% body weight. At the end of the trial, measurements were made on the total serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins fractions, release of lipoproteins into the circulation, lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and lipoprotein lipase activity. Feed intake and mean body weight of the rats on each treatment was not significantly different. Both spices resulted in a reduction in total serum cholesterol and LDL+VLDL, an increase in the HDL, lower release of lipoproteins into the circulation and an increase in the LCAT activity.     

Amelioration of Cholesterol Induced Atherosclerosis by Normalizing Gene Expression, Cholesterol Profile and Antioxidant Enzymes by Vigna unguiculata

Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, have found to be the dreadful diseases worldwide and therapeutic interventions using plant sources have wide therapeutic value. Vigna unguiculata (VU) leaves have been used as food and therapeutics. Hence, our study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic as well as anti-atherogenic potential of VU leaves in normalizing atherogenic gene expression, cholesterol profile, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme system on cholesterol fed rabbit model. For the study New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and experimental period was three months; group -i - ND [normal diet (40 g feed)], group-ii- ND (normal diet) +EAVU [ethyl acetate fraction of Vigna unguiculata (150 mg/kg body weight)], group -iii- ND [normal diet ]+ CFD [cholesterol fed diet (cholesterol 1 % of 40 g feed and cholic acid 0.5 % of 40 g feed)] and group-iv - ND [normal diet] +CFD [cholesterol fed diet ]+EAVU [ethyl acetate fraction of Vigna unguiculata (150 mg/kg body weight)]. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the rabbit with cholesterol (1 % of 40 g feed) and cholic acid (0.5 % of 40 g feed). Supplementation of EAVU normalized cholesterol profile, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation products like thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), antioxidant system and important genes of cardiovascular diseases like interleukin-10 (IL 10), paraoxanase-1 (PON I), interleukin-6 (IL 6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox 2) to near normal level as compared with normal diet. The result obtained showed the antioxidant as well as anti-atherogenic potential of Vigna unguiculata leaves in ameliorating cholesterol induced atherosclerosis, and thus it is good task to include VU leaves in daily diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases especially atherosclerosis.     

Effects of amylose and wheat bran on the levels of blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN), other blood parameters,growth and fecal characteristics in rats

A basal diet (containing 20% soybean protein isolate) was supplemented with limiting amino acids (AA, methionine, threonine and tryptophan); wheat bran (WB, 24.3%); amylose (AM, 10%) or a combination of AA and WB or AM to investigate their effects on the levels of blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN), other blood parameters, growth and fecal characteristics in young rats. After 3 weeks feeding, supplementation of the basal diet with AA or WB resulted in improved growth (gain/food ratio) while the addition of AM had no effect on rat growth. Addition of WB to the basal diet had no effect on BUN while the addition of AA and AM caused about 20 and 12% reduction in BUN values, respectively. Rats fed the AA-AM diet had the lowest BUN values (42% lower than those fed the basal diet). Fresh volume, fresh weight, moisture and dry weight of feces in rats fed the WB diets were about four to five fold higher than in those fed the AM diets. The results suggested that BUN may not be a good predictor of growth and protein quality in diets containing AM or a source of dietary fiber (WB).     

硒对大豆体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

本试验了水培和土壤条件下,硒对大豆植株体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明,在水培和土壤试验中,硒都能显著地提高大豆植株体内ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活性,方差分析结果分别为Ｆ＝５８．６７＊＊和Ｆ＝１１．３８＊＊,